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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pasteurellosis is an important cause of economic loss to the sheep industry. There are two distinct syndromes. The pneumonic form of the disease caused by P haemolytica biotype A occurs as pneumonia in flocks and sporadically in individual sheep. The septicaemic form, caused by P haemolytica biotype T is associated with hyper-acute disease and occurs most commonly in the autumn coinciding with the folding of hoggs on rape, turnips and improved pastures. The factors which predispose sheep to the different forms of the disease are poorly understood but recently it has been possible to reproduce pasteurella pneumonia experimentally.
Vet Rec 1978 Feb 04
PMID:Pasteurellosis in sheep. 63 44

The influence of serum immunoglobulins on the incidence of calf pneumonia, and the relationship between sub-clinical pneumonia, and calf serum Ig levels, is discussed. Monospecific antisera were used to measure levels of IgG1, IgG2, IgM and IgA in the sera of bull calves aged around 2 1/2 weeks. These calves were selected retrospectively according to their disease record up to six months of age. A clear association was found between low levels of IgG1, IgG2 and IgA in the "2 1/2-week" sample and subsequent susceptibility to pneumonia at around 2 1/2 months of age. Calves showing signs of pneumonia had low levels of IgG1 (45-5 per cent had less than 8 mg per ml compared with "now-pneumonic" calves which had relatively high levels (only 9.5 per cent had less than 8 mg per ml). In contrast, older calves bled at monthly intervals and found to have pneumonic lesions at slaughter had significantly evevated levels of both IgGa and IgG2.
Vet Rec 1975 Jan 25
PMID:Quantitative studies on bovine immunoglobulins. 80 34

The mycoplasmas found in the lungs of 20 calves, housed together for six months, and the related pulmonary pathology are reported. Twelve calves had cuffing pneumonia and in this group there was a significantly higher isolation frequency of Mycoplasma dispar and Ureaplasma spp compared with the non-pneumonic group. Mycoplasma bovirhinis and Acholeplasma laidlawii were isolated from the lungs of calves in both groups. Mycoplasma arginini was not recovered from the lungs of any calf. The significance of the peribronchiolar lymphocytic accumulation in the lungs of the non-pneumonic animals and their differentiation from peribronchiolar lymphocytic cuffs is discussed.
Vet Rec 1975 Nov 01
PMID:Mycoplasmas and cuffing pneumonia in a group of calves. 119 79

The occurrence of respiratory disease at two Meat and Livestock Commission bull performance test centres over a period of three years is assessed. During this period a change in the system of testing was introduced so as to allow younger bulls to enter the centre and also to increase their throughput. This resulted in an increase in the incidence of pneumonia of more than five times. The management at one centre was changed to counteract this disease problem and the level of pneumonia was greatly reduced. Most respiratory disease occurred within the first month of entry to the centres. There was more infection during the second half of the year and especially in the October to December quarter. There appeared to be some relationship between the time bulls were weaned prior to entry to the centres and the incidence of pneumonia.
Vet Rec 1976 Feb 21
PMID:Factors affecting the incidence of pneumonia in growing bulls. 126 96

Two common porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), one found stranded on the Isle of Sheppey, Kent, and the other in the Moray Firth, Scotland, in late 1990, were examined post mortem. Lesions of diffuse bronchointerstitial pneumonia were present in both animals; they were characterised by the infiltration of alveoli with leucocytes, macrophages and multinucleate syncytia, the necrosis of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium, focal proliferation of type II pneumocytes and occasional acidophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in alveolar macrophages and syncytia. Lymphoid depletion was apparent in the spleen, thymus and lymph nodes of both porpoises. Other changes in the Isle of Sheppey porpoise included severe dacryoadenitis. Marked pharyngitis, oesophagitis and balanoposthitis were present in the Moray Firth porpoise. Immunoperoxidase staining revealed the presence of morbillivirus antigen in a range of epithelia from both porpoises. This is the first report of morbillivirus infection in cetaceans from the coast of Great Britain.
Vet Rec 1992 Sep 26
PMID:Morbillivirus infection in two common porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the coasts of England and Scotland. 144 Nov 26

A case control study was designed to determine the risk factors for the reinfection of Swiss specific pathogen-free (SPF) pig herds with enzootic pneumonia. Detailed housing, management and environmental data were collected from 42 case farms and 50 control farms by means of a questionnaire. Factors with a significantly asymmetrical frequency distribution among the two groups were considered to be possibly associated with reinfection; they included the distance to the nearest non-SPF pig herd, the size of that herd, the density of the pig population in the area, the distance to the next road regularly carrying pig transporters and differences in topography. The results tended to support the hypothesis of the airborne transmission of enzootic pneumonia. Using a formula considering the main risk factors, it was possible to classify farms as high or low risk with an 84 per cent specificity and 74 per cent sensitivity.
Vet Rec 1992 Dec 05
PMID:Risk factors for the reinfection of specific pathogen-free pig breeding herds with enzootic pneumonia. 147 97

Detailed post mortem examinations were carried out on 18 dolphins and whales found dead on the coast of the United Kingdom. The commonest causes of death were pneumonia and entanglement in fishing gear. Of the non-fatal conditions, parasitoses of various organs were common and there was a wide variety of other conditions. In total 124 diseases and other lesions were found, giving an average of 6.9 conditions per animal.
Vet Rec 1992 Jun 27
PMID:Causes of mortality and parasites and incidental lesions in dolphins and whales from British waters. 149 68

Three foals under four weeks old and two under six months old with a history of oesophageal obstruction, had oesophageal strictures of different characters in the rostral cervical oesophagus. One case, which was complicated by severe inhalation pneumonia, was euthanased without any treatment and in another initial treatment by bougienage under general anaesthesia was attempted without success. The four surviving cases were provided with progressively firmer and coarser food, starting with liquid only, over a period of three to four weeks. The treatment is recommended in the early stages of stricture maturation and for strictures which do not involve the deeper layers of the oesophageal wall.
Vet Rec 1992 Jul 11
PMID:Conservative treatment of oesophageal stricture in five foals. 150 59

The following unusual diseases were diagnosed in birds submitted to the Veterinary Research Institute, Victoria, between 1978 and 1987: the viral diseases beak and feather disease of psittacines, infectious laryngotracheitis in peafowls, a papovavirus-like inclusion body disease in psittacines, and pox; chlamydiosis; the bacterial diseases actinomycosis, listeriosis and mycobacteriosis; the fungal diseases favus, yeast infections and systemic zygomycosis; the protozoan diseases cryptosporidiosis, hexamitiasis, suspected leucocytozoonosis, sarcosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis, trichomoniasis and an unidentified protozoan-like organism which caused pneumonia in ducks; a variety of parasites; the metabolic disorders curled-toe paralysis in pheasant poults, encephalomalacia and parenchymatous goitre; toxicity due to dimetridazole and the ingestion of the leaves of the tobacco tree; and other non-infectious conditions including asphyxiation, burns, cataracts, cerebellar degeneration and atrophy, cystic right oviducts and exertional rhabdomyolysis.
Vet Rec 1992 Feb 29
PMID:Some unusual diseases in the birds of Victoria, Australia. 156 52

A short-term bioassay has been developed to assess pulmonary toxicity and predict pathological effects in animals exposed to aerosolized particulates. To test the reliability and predictive value of our bioassay, we have exposed rats to 2 materials with different biological activities. Rats were exposed for 1 or 3 days to selected concentrations of crystalline silica (a known fibrogenic dust), or to carbonyl iron (CI) particles (a material with activity reputedly similar to nuisance dusts). Pulmonary cells and tissues were evaluated at several time points after exposure. In a companion manuscript we reported that brief exposures of silica produced a sustained pulmonary inflammatory response, characterized by increases in biochemical indicators, whereas no significant effects were measured in CI-exposed animals. In the current study, our results showed that although deposition patterns for the 2 dusts were similar (i.e., at alveolar duct bifurcations), brief doses of silica produced a sustained granulocytic inflammatory response at the sites of particle deposition, while CI particles were phagocytized and cleared from the lung by normal pulmonary macrophage mechanisms which included transport via the airway mucociliary escalator. Light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy of silica-exposed lung tissue revealed a chronically active pulmonary inflammatory response characterized by hyperplasia of type II alveolar epithelial cells and the infiltration of pulmonary macrophages and neutrophils into interstitial tissues and alveoli. The lesions were progressive leading to a granulomatous pneumonitis within 2 months postexposure. In contrast to the alterations in pulmonary tissues produced by silica, no CI-related lesions were detected at any time postexposure. The results justify the utility of this bioassay as a reliable approach to evaluating the pulmonary toxicity of inhaled particulates.
Anat Rec 1991 Sep
PMID:Physiological and pathophysiological pulmonary responses to inhaled nuisance-like or fibrogenic dusts. 166 Nov 8


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