Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032273 (pneumoconiosis)
 1,578 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fly ash was collected from two municipal refuse incinerators. It was analyzed for heavy metals, elements, and a wide range of toxic organics. It was resuspended in air for inhalation exposure of guinea pigs. These animals were exposed at high concentrations of each ash 6 h/d for 5 d, and tissues were taken 45 d after the exposure. Following the first exposure and after each daily exposure the ventilatory response of these animals upon challenge with CO2 was found to be depressed. Recovery occurred following exposure. Heavy metals, cadmium, lead, zinc, and mercury were elevated in the lungs of these animals. Histologic evaluation of pulmonary tissue revealed multifocal pneumoconiosis. Interstitial infiltration by macrophages and smooth muscle hypertrophy of blood vessels and bronchioles were also observed. There was no evidence of a dioxinlike toxic effect following inhalation of these ashes.
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PMID:Effects of inhaled municipal refuse incinerator fly ash in the guinea pig. 250 62

Indices of ventilatory function and pulmonary gas exchange in 32 non-smoking coalminers (mean age 38.1) were compared with those of 34 non-smoking steelworkers of similar age. The coalminers had significantly lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and maximum expiratory flow rates and significantly higher residual volume, but similar vital capacity and indices derived from the single-breath test. Pulmonary diffusing capacity for CO and indices of CO2 exchange were similar in both groups. Arterial partial pressure of O2 (PaO2) was significantly lower and alveolar-arterial O2 difference was significantly higher in coalminers than in controls, both at rest and during exercise. There was no relation between lung function and radiological signs of simple pneumoconiosis (10 coalminers had pneumoconiosis). The differences in FEV1 (0.42 l) and in PaO2 (10 mm Hg) between the two groups are the same or larger than those usually found between smokers and non-smokers. Exposure to coaldust may result in biologically significant alterations of lung function even in the absence of pneumoconiosis.
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PMID:Impairment of ventilatory function and pulmonary gas exchange in non-smoking coalminers. 289 94

Several years' measurements of the concentration of dusts and welding fumes, in one of metallurgic plants revealed the mean dust concentration of 3.6 mg/m2 at automatic welding workplace. At semiautomatic welding in CO2 screening the expected concentrations was 10 mg/m3, single measurements concentrations ranging from 0.6 mg/m3 to 140 mg/m3. A similar mean value was obtained from 6 Provincial Sanitary--Epidemiologic Stations. Analysis of data collected at 9 Provincial Sanitary--Epidemiologic Stations indicated that pneumoconiosis prevalence among welders operating semiautomatic equipment in CO2 screening was not higher than the prevalence among welders using screened electrodes. For dusts and welding fumes, the maximum allowable concentration value has been recommended.
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PMID:[Incidence of pneumoconiosis in welders in semiautomatic systems in the light of environmental studies]. 743 64

Disabilities of patients with coal-workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) are currently estimated by changes in lung function at rest and the degree of dust equivalents in chest x-ray (ILO-classification 1980). Functional disturbances during exercise are not taken into consideration on a regular basis. We assumed that standardised sub-maximal exercise tests might be useful even in disabled patients to give additional information on functional disabilities of patients with CWP. The impact of low-grade anthracosilicosis on ventilation and gas exchange during exercise was assessed in 20 patients (all male, age 64.55 +/- 3.78 years) and 24 healthy volunteers (all male, age 58.13 +/- 4.68 years, never dust exposed). Data were also analysed according to ILO classification subgroups (group 1: ILO-classification 1/0 to 1/2, n = 11; group 2: ILO-classification 2/1 to 2/2, n = 9). Heart rate (HR), minute ventilation (VE), ventilatory equivalent for O2 (VE/VO2), ventilatory equivalent for CO2 (VE/VCO2), O2 uptake (VO2)CO2 output (VCO2), end-tidal oxygen partial pressure (PetO2), end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (petCO2) and estimated dead space to tidal volume ratio (VD/VT) were determined breath-by-breath during a 50 watts constant work load protocol on an exercise bicycle. The VE/VO2 (patients: 32.9 +/- 4.2; controls: 25.7 +/- 2.9; p < 0.001), the VE/CO2 (patients: 39.4 +/- 4.6; controls; 31.0 +/- 3.9), the VE (patients: 30.1 +/- 5.6, controls: 23.5 +/- 3.0; p < 0.001) and the PetO2 (patients 115.6 +/- 4.8; controls: 99.1 +/- 27.4; p < 0.05) at an exercise of 50 watts were significantly higher in the patients' group, the PetCO2 (patients: 38.4 +/- 4.5; controls: 44.0 +/- 4.1) were significantly lower in the patients' group. The comparison of patients subgroups did not reveal any significant differences between group 1 and group 2. A higher VE/VO2 during 50 watts of exercise is attributable to an increased ventilation/perfusion mismatch. There was no correlation between the radiological grade of the CWP (ILO classification) and the ventilation and gas exchange during exercise. We conclude that a sub-maximal spiroergometry with a 50 watts constant work load might serve as a sensitive and easy to apply procedure add information about the functional impairment in CWP. The exercise test should be included in the evaluation for disability benefits.
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PMID:[Submaximal spiroergometric stress study in patients with mixed dust pneumoconiosis]. 956 90

The values of pneumoconiosis risk in welders calculated against the dust doses that induce this pathology do not show linear relationship. In the group of electrical welders, relative risk (RR) was found statistically significant at the doses of 251-500 g; 1001-1500 g and 5501-6000 g. In the group of semi-automatic welders, similar results were observed. Odd ratio, calculated at workposts of semi-automatic welding with CO2 shield, showed that, depending on the size of a daily dose of dust, statistically significant RR was found at the doses of 1.6-2.0; 2.1-2.5; and 2.6-3.0 mg/kg/day. In the group of electric welders, statistically significant RR was observed at the doses of 2.1-2.5; 6.1-6.5; and 9.1-9.5 mg/kg/day. This may suggest that welding dust at workposts of semi-automatic welding is more aggressive. The division of welders by their dates of birth showed that in the group of welders born by 1945, the mean age at which they developed pneumoconiosis was almost 50 +/- 0.4 years, and the mean duration of occupational exposure was 25 +/- 0.3 years. In the group of welders born after 1945, these values were 36 +/- 0.6 years and 12.8 +/- 0.2 years, respectively.
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PMID:[Relative risk of pneumoconiosis in welders in metallurgy]. 1273 4