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Query: UMLS:C0032273 (pneumoconiosis)
 1,578 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We previously reported on the lung cancer mortality through 1983 of 760 males who were diagnosed with silicosis during 1930-1983 by the State of North Carolina's medical examination program for dusty trades workers. The lung cancer SMR (95% confidence interval) was 2.6 (1.8-3.6) among 655 white members of this group. In this paper, we report the results of a reanalysis of mortality among a subgroup for whom chest radiographs were currently available for rereading. Technically acceptable radiographs were available for 306 white males and were independently reclassified for pneumoconiosis by 3 "B" readers using the 1980 ILO Classification. Lung cancer SMRs were 1.7 (0.8-3.1) for the entire group of 306 white males, 2.5 (1.1-4.9) for 143 subjects reclassified as simple silicosis, and 1.0 (0.1-3.5) for 96 subjects whose radiographs were reclassified as ILO category 0. There were no lung cancer deaths among 67 subjects whose radiographs were reclassified as progressive massive fibrosis. Corresponding lung cancer SMRs for subjects who had never been employed in a job with exposure to known occupational carcinogens were 1.2 (0.2-4.4) for those reclassified as category 0, and 2.4 (1.0-5.0) for those reclassified as having simple silicosis. The age-adjusted lung cancer rate ratio among subjects with simple silicosis compared to those with category 0 was 1.5 (0.4-5.8). Our findings from this reanalysis, which effectively controls for misclassification of silicosis due to errors in radiograph interpretation by North Carolina program readers, offer additional evidence consistent with the hypothesis of an association between silicosis and lung cancer in this study group.
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PMID:Reevaluation of silicosis and lung cancer in North Carolina dusty trades workers. 141 83

In order to investigate whether the prolonged exposure to coal mine dust increases the cancer risk for coal miners, a pilot study in a selected cohort of 334 Dutch miners with coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP), followed from 1956 until 1983, was conducted. In total, 165 miners had died (49.4%); for 162 (98.2%) the cause of death was traced. In comparison to the general Dutch male population, total mortality in the cohort was statistically significantly increased (SMR: 153). This was in general due to the significantly higher than expected cancer mortality (SMR: 163), cancer of stomach and small intestine (SMR: 401) and nonmalignant respiratory disease (SMR: 426). The lung cancer mortality was within the expected range.
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PMID:Long-term mortality in miners with coal workers' pneumoconiosis in The Netherlands: a pilot study. 198 36

A small cohort of 194 men with low exposure to fibrous tremolite (mean 0.75 f/ml y) in the mining and milling of vermiculite in South Carolina experienced 51 deaths 15 years or more from first employment. The SMR (all causes) was 1.17 reflecting excess deaths from circulatory disease. There were four deaths from lung cancer and 3.31 expected (SMR 1.21, 95% CI 0.33-3.09). Three of the four deaths were in the lowest exposure category (less than 1 f/ml y); no death was attributed to mesothelioma or pneumoconiosis. These findings contrast with those in Montana where the vermiculite ore was heavily contaminated with fibrous tremolite. A radiographic survey of 86 current and recent South Carolina employees found four with small parenchymal opacities (greater than or equal to 1/0) and seven with pleural thickening. These proportions were not higher than in a non-exposed group and much lower than had been observed in Montana. Examination of sputum from 76 current employees showed that only two specimens contained typical ferruginous bodies, confirming low cumulative fibre exposure. Any possible adverse effects of work with vermiculite, minimally contaminated with fibrous or non-fibrous tremolite, were thus beyond the limits of detection in this workforce.
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PMID:Health of vermiculite miners exposed to trace amounts of fibrous tremolite. 284 33

To clarify the mortality pattern of migrant tunnel workers, a retrospective cohort study was conducted in the southern part of Oita Prefecture, which is well known as a source area for tunnel workers. This study was made on 1,078 tunnel workers and 943 non-tunnel workers who were observed for 8 years and 6 months from January 1975 to June 1983. The overall SMR of tunnel workers was 162 which was statistically significant. The SMRs for pulmonary tuberculosis (SMR = 3,267), industrial accidents (SMR = 1,000), and pneumoconiosis (SMR = 26,000) which were all closely related to tunnelling work were extraordinarily high and statistically significant. Mortality from lung cancer was considerably higher among tunnel workers than among non-tunnel workers. The results of ratios of observed to expected deaths by age-group showed significant excess mortality in three age-groups: 40 to 49, 50 to 59, and 60 to 69. These findings show that migrant tunnel workers have serious health problems. On the other hand, in non-tunnel workers, the overall SMR was 89. No significant excess mortality was observed for any cause of death or any age-group.
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PMID:Mortality among migrant tunnel workers. 322 3

A cohort of 3971 white miners in South Africa, born between 1 January 1916 and 31 December 1930 who were alive on 1 January 1970 and currently working in the East Rand-Central Rand-West Rand mining areas, was followed up for nine years, when the 3426 survivors were aged from 48 to 62. Fifteen (0.4%) had been lost to view and 530 had died (13.4% of the 3956 whose vital status was determined). Based on the occupational histories of a 30% sample of the cohort it was known that the vast majority were gold miners. An estimated 93% had worked more than 85% of their mining service in gold mines. Standardised mortality ratios were calculated as the ratios of the deaths observed in the cohort to those expected on the basis of concurrent mortality in the reference population--the total white male population in the Republic of South Africa. There was little sign of a "healthy worker effect"; of several possible reasons, one is that the white miner in South Africa had adopted certain unhealthy life styles, another is that the reference population was otherwise inappropriate. The SMR for all causes of death (117.6) was raised because of excess mortality due to the following causes: lung cancer (161.2), chronic respiratory diseases (165.6), and acute and chronic nephritis (381.0). A case-referent analysis was carried out on those miners in the cohort who had spent at least 85% of their service in gold mines. For lung cancer, smoking was the main contributory factor towards disease. For chronic respiratory diseases bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, pneumoconiosis, and pulmonary heart disease), smoking was also the main risk factor, but there was an association wih cumulative dust exposure. Raised blood pressure, smoking, and adiposity were associated with ischaemic heart disease as was the duration of service underground. Study of comprehensive medical histories in all 530 deaths, including necropsy in most cases, showed that none was directly due to pneumoconiosis or to tuberculosis.
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PMID:Mortality of middle aged white South African gold miners. 377 38

Cohort studies in three American asbestos factories were undertaken to investigate the effect of fibre type and manufacturing process on lung cancer, mesothelioma, and asbestosis. Reports have been published on a chrysotile textile plant in South Carolina and a mainly textile plant in Pennsylvania, which also used amphiboles. In the third plant in Connecticut friction products and packings were made from chrysotile only. In a cohort of 3641 men employed for one month or more, 1938-58, 3513 (96.5%) were traced, 1267 (36%) had died, and death certificates were obtained for 1228 (96.9%). Individual exposures were estimated (in mcpf . years) from impinger measurements. Life table analyses using Connecticut mortality rates gave an SMR for all causes of 108.5 (USA 107.9). The SMR (all causes) for men who had worked for less than a year was 129.9 and for those who had worked for a year or more, 101.2. The equivalent SMRs for respiratory cancer were 167.4 and 136.7 respectively. Excluding men who had worked for less than a year, there was possible evidence of some increase in risk of lung cancer with increasing exposure, supported also by a "log-rank" (case-control) analysis, of the same order as that observed in chrysotile mining and milling. These findings may be compared with chrysotile textile manufacture where the risk of lung cancer was some 50-fold greater. It is suggested that the differences in risk are perhaps related to the higher proportion of submicroscopic fibres in textile manufacture that may result from the traumatic carding , spinning, and weaving processes. No case of mesothelioma was found, consistent with a much lower risk of this tumour with chrysotile than with amphiboles. Twelve deaths (nine in men with very short and low asbestos exposure) were given ICD code 523 (pneumoconiosis); all but two were ascribed to anthracosilicosis or silicosis and none to asbestosis.
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PMID:Dust exposure and mortality in an American chrysotile asbestos friction products plant. 632 94

The mortality of 3,246 males who had been employed 1 or more years during 1940-1980 at 20 crushed stone operations was evaluated for possible association between employment and death from lung cancer, pneumoconiosis, and other respiratory diseases. Four deaths were attributed to pneumoconiosis. Based on available work histories, at least two of these deaths were probably due to dust exposures in the crushed stone industry. Mortality attributed to pneumoconiosis and other nonmalignant respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive lung disease, was significantly increased overall (SMR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.21-3.05), and especially so for a subcohort of crushed stone workers that processed granite (SMR: 7.26; 95% CI: 1.97-18.59). With regard to lung cancer, overall SMRs were elevated (although not statistically significant). Analyzed by rock type, there was a significantly elevated lung cancer SMR among granite workers with at least 20 years latency (SMR: 3.35; 95% CI: 1.34-6.90). Although not definitive, results of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that exposure to respirable silica dust is a risk factor for lung cancer.
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PMID:Mortality of a cohort of U.S. workers employed in the crushed stone industry, 1940-1980. 761 2

Animal studies show that antimony may cause lung cancer and heart and lung disease in rodents. In exposed humans, ECG abnormalities and heart and lung disease have been reported. This mortality study of 1,014 men employed between 1937 and 1971 in a Texas antimony smelter consisted primarily of workers of Spanish ancestry (n = 928, 91.5%). Hispanics are known to smoke at much lower rates than non-Hispanics, and their lung cancer and heart disease mortality is generally low. When ethnic-specific Texas lung cancer death rates were used for comparison, mortality from lung cancer among antimony workers was elevated (SMR) 1.39, 90% CI 1.01-1.88), and we observed a significant positive trend in mortality with increasing duration of employment. When ischemic heart disease death rates from three different Spanish-surnamed populations were used for comparison, the rate ratios for mortality from ischemic heart disease were 0.91 (90% CI 0.84-1.09), 1.22 (90% CI 0.78-1.89), and 1.49 (90% CI 0.84-2.63). Pneumoconiosis/ other lung disease death rates for Spanish-surnamed men were unavailable and so calculation of rate ratios used white males as a comparison population (SMR 1.22; 90% CI 0.80-1.80). These data suggest some increased mortality from lung cancer and perhaps nonmalignant respiratory heart disease in workers exposed to antimony. However, conclusions are limited by possible confounders and the difficulty of identifying appropriate referent groups.
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PMID:Mortality in a cohort of antimony smelter workers. 761 10

This study updates a retrospective cohort mortality analysis of workers from a South Carolina textile plant where chrysotile asbestos was the primary exposure. The update adds 15 years of observation to the original study, adds analyses of white women and black men, and allows comparison of mortality risks between race/gender groups. The total cohort includes 3,022 workers: 1,229 white women (363 deaths), 1,247 white men (607 deaths), and 546 black men (289 deaths). Statistically significant risks for lung cancer were observed among white women (standardized mortality ratio [SMR] = 2.07; 90% confidence interval [CI] = 1.55-2.71) and white men (SMR = 2.24; 90% CI = 1.83-2.72); both of these groups exhibited positive exposure-response trends. Although the lung cancer risk among black men was lower than expected (SMR = 0.70; 90% CI = 0.42-1.08), a statistically significant increase was observed at high levels of exposure. Statistically significant excess risk for pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases were observed for all race/gender groups. Despite the relatively high percentage of white women lost to follow-up and missing death certificates, both of which allow underestimation of the true relative risk, statistically significant excess risks were observed for lung cancer and pneumoconiosis among this group.
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PMID:Mortality patterns among female and male chrysotile asbestos textile workers. 780 69

Previous studies of mortality among white males employed in a Charleston, South Carolina asbestos textile plant using chrysotile demonstrated significant excess mortality due to asbestos-related disease and a steep exposure-response relationship for lung cancer. This cohort was further studied by adding 15 years of follow-up and including mortality among white female and black male workers. Nested case-control analyses were undertaken to further explore possible differences in lung cancer risk by textile operation as well as possible confounding by mineral oil exposures. Preliminary data for white males have been previously published. White males experienced statistically significant excess mortality due to lung cancer (standardized mortality ratio [SMR] = 2.30; confidence interval [CI] = 1.88-2.79), all causes (SMR = 1.48; CI = 1.38-158), all cancers (SMR = 1.50; CI = 1.29-1.72), diabetes mellitus (SMR = 2.05; CI = 1.18-3.33), heart disease (SMR = 1.41; CI = 1.26-1.58), cerebrovascular disease (SMR = 1.50; CI = 1.08-2.02), pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases (SMR = 4.10; CI = 3.10-5.31), and accidents (SMR = 1.49; CI = 1.15-1.91). Among white females, statistically significant excesses occurred for lung cancer (SMR = 2.75; CI = 2.06-3.61), all causes (SMR = 1.21; CI = 1.11-1.32), pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases (SMR = 2.40; CI = 1.53-3.60), and other respiratory cancers (SMR = 14.98; CI = 4.08-38.7). Among the total cohort of black males, the only statistically significant excess observed was for pneumoconiosis (SMR = 2.19; CI = 1.23-3.62). Based on historical exposure measurements at the plant, there was a positive exposure-response relationship for both lung cancer and pneumoconiosis. Data for the entire cohort demonstrate an increase in the lung cancer relative risk of 2-3% for each fiber/cc-year of cumulative chrysotile exposure. This relationship was more consistent for the white male workers. The excess risk for lung cancer among white males and females appeared to occur at cumulative exposures lower than those for black males. Possible reasons for the lesser lung cancer risk among black males include less smoking and differences in airborne fiber characteristics experienced by black males as a result of plant job placement patterns. The case-control analysis found employment in preparation and carding operations (where most of the black males worked) to be associated with a slightly reduced lung cancer risk, although not statistically significant, whereas spinning and twisting employment was associated with a statistically significant increased lung cancer risk compared to other plant operations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Follow-up study of chrysotile asbestos textile workers: cohort mortality and case-control analyses. 781 May 43


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