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Query: UMLS:C0032273 (pneumoconiosis)
 1,578 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The object of the ILO/UC International Classification of Pneumoconioses and the general instructions for its use in asbestos respiratory diseases have been set forth. The ILO 1979 classification has been used in four groups of asbestos exposed subjects : two groups were hospitalized and two groups were at work. All the subjects have been investigated by a hospitalized and two groups were at work. All the subjects have been investigated by a standardized questionnaire on occupational history, PA and lateral chest X-rays and, for most them, by ferruginous bodies counting either in sputum or in bronchoalveolar lavage. The most frequent radiological signs were parenchymal fibrosis, pleural thickening, pleural calcification and diaphragmatic straightness. The fibrosis and the diaphragmatic straightness were related to the length of the exposure. Up to 20-29 years since the onset of exposure, the frequency of radiological signs was : diaphragmatic straightness more frequent than fibrosis which was more frequent than pleural thickening, which was more frequent than calcification. But the frequency of only two signs, pleural straightness and fibrosis, appeared significant after 10 years of exposure. The value of these four radiological signs as biological indicators of asbestos exposure is discussed.
Rev Fr Mal Respir 1979 Dec
PMID:[Use of the ILO/UC International classification of radiographs of pneumoconioses in 302 subjects exposed to asbestos (author's transl)]. 55 12

Pulmonary siderosis and bronchial cancer are respiratory risks in the long term in arc welders. We report a case of siderosis discovered from radiological abnormalities in a patient of 56 who had been an arc welder for 30 years. An analysis of the broncho-alveolar lavage liquid and transbronchial biopsy confirmed an iron overload and revealed patchy interstitial fibrosis. The toxic risks in arc welders arise from the gaseous fumes produced and inhaled particles at the alveolar level. The pulmonary siderosis is currently considered as a simple pneumoconiosis with a good prognosis. Some recent studies suggest the possibility of a more serious outcome with fibrosis even in the absence of any associated silicosis. The risks of bronchial cancer seem to be principally linked to exposure to chrome. A better understanding of these risks could be furnished by data from epidemiological studies which are still lacking.
Rev Mal Respir 1991
PMID:[Pulmonary siderosis and long-term respiratory risks of arc welders]. 185 31

The authors have carried out a statistical analysis of cases of occupational asthma and other occupational lung diseases submitted to the Ministry of Labour in Quebec between 1986 and 1988. The total number of claims was 913, 993, and 866 respectively for the 3 years of which 61% to 71% were accepted. 41% to 55% were new assessments. Of 228 new claims accepted in 1988, 81 (36%) were for occupational asthma. This number surpassed the number of claims accepted for traditional pneumoconiosis (asbestos = 30, and silicose = 36). Isocyanates were the principle cause of occupational asthma (23% of cases were recognised in 1988) followed by flour, red and white cedar, snow crab process workers, and various pharmaceutical products and grains. In comparison with statistics in 1977, one noticed there was a large reversal of the frequency of certain occupational lung diseases that are recognised, because at that time asbestosis and silicosis were the principle causes of claims put forward and accepted. The authors discuss the statistical bias of occupational lung disease obtained by medico-legal agencies. Although occupational asthma has not been the object of the systematic screening program in the work place and although there is a tendency for workers to avoid or abandon their occupation more often than in the traditional pneumoconioses current protection is sufficient in Quebec to motivate individuals who are possibly suffering from occupational asthma to put in a claim for compensation.
Rev Mal Respir 1990
PMID:[Medico-legal statistics on occupational asthmna in Quebec between 1986 and 1988]. 214 54

This study was carried out between 1973 and 1982 on the proportional mortality by lung cancer of a group of workers living either in Brussells or in Wallonia and receiving compensation for silicosis or anthrasilicosis. The majority of patients suffered from anthrasilicosis (more than 96%) and had been exposed to the risk of pneumoconiosis in one of the four coal fields in Wallonia. If, in 13,822 deaths studied the proportional mortality from lung cancer had grown by 0.56% per year reaching 3.7% in 1973 and 9.3% in 1982, it remained below that for a similar Belgian population matched for age and sex. No correlation could be found between the occurrence of this tumour and one or other radiological category as defined by the international classification of pneumoconiosis in 1980. In addition the severity of pneumoconiosis, either from a radiological or functional view, hardly had any influence on the genesis of lung cancer. Finally, the localisation of the tumour and the different histological types do not differ from that reported in the literature among the general population. On the other hand a significant rise in proportional mortality from lung cancer between 1973 and 1982 (p less than 0.001) seemed to be related to two factors, smoking habitis (89.1% of subjects dying from lung cancer were smokers at the moment of death against 68.5% of smokers among other causes of death), and above all the progressive aging of the population of pneumoconioties receiving compensation, the cross section 50-69 rose from 53.17% in 1973 to 73.8% in 1982.
Rev Mal Respir 1984
PMID:[Bronchial cancer in anthracosilicosis and silicosis. Study of workers in coal fields in Wallonia]. 624 30

Pneumoconiosis was diagnosed in 10 patients working in a silicon factory. The exposure time varied between seven and thirty-five years. All patients had only slight or no symptoms, except one presenting an important dyspnea. The radiologic study showed an interstitial syndrome. The functional lung test revealed a restrictive syndrome. Seven patients underwent fibroscopy with alveolar washing and transbronchial biopsy. A surgical biopsy was performed in two patients. The histological lesions showed an accumulation of alveolar and interstitial macrophages and the existence of fibrous interstitial micronodules. The ultrastructural study revealed an interstitial fibrosis. The macrophages contained numerous dense, homogenous small spheres of amorphous structure, composed of silicon and oxygen. These spheres represent amorphous silica smoke particles. Less than 1% of the particles are crystalline silica. Thus, the amorphous silica particles seem to be responsible for the histological and radiological lesions observed.
Rev Fr Mal Respir 1980
PMID:[Pneumoconiosis due to amorphous silica smoke. Mineralogical and ultrastructural study of 6 cases (author's transl)]. 626 15

Broncho-alveolar lavage (LBA) was performed in 17 pneumoconiotics. The liquid obtained was analysed after gentle centrifugation to remove the cellular element, so that biochemical factors might be sought contribution to the evolution and progressive transformation to fibrosis. The percentage of liquid gathered was generally greater. Among the glycosidases found in all the 17 LBA analysed, the beta-D-glucuronidase, which was not detected in the LBA control subjects, was also found during the course of other pulmonary disorders. The elastolytic activity was characterized in 12 out of 17 LBA. In part it could originate from alveolar macrophages. An elevated number of macrophages (greater than 20 X 10(6) for the whole lavage) allied to the presence of elastolytic activity was found in 7 of 8 patients presenting with a pneumoconiosis and signs of progressive pulmonary disease. The collagenase and cathepsin B were present in the LBA of certain pneumoconiotics, but the significance of their presence is still unknown. The three major antiproteases of the serum exist in the LBA of pneumoconiosis. The quantity of alpha 1-antiprotease has identified a group of 6 patients whose LBA showed raised alpha 1-antiprotease, an elastolytic activity and for 5 of them progressive outcome.
Rev Fr Mal Respir 1983
PMID:[Bronchoalveolar lavage in pneumoconiosis of coal miners. Biochemical aspects]. 630 31

The cytological characteristics of broncho-alveolar fluid were studied in 94 coal workers and six subjects exposed to varied risks of silicosis. In coal worker's pneumoconiosis with the usual micronodular or nodular type, there was a significant increase in the cellularity of the peripheral airways compared to non-exposed controls, making allowances for smoking habits. There were no striking changes in the white cell count nor any correlation with the possible elevation in the serum angiotensin I-enzyme conversion level. On the other hand a striking elevation of the alveolar lymphocyte count was noted in three cases with rapidly developing silicosis. Where there was the co-existence of another disorder (connective tissue disorders, sarcoid, extrinsic allergic alveolitis, radiation lung or diffuse interstitial fibrosis) the anomalies noted were those occurring during the progress of the associated disease. At the time of collection the alveolar macrophages in the dust exposed subjects showed a similar vitality to these observed in control subjects. After 24 hours of observation " in vitro ", the vitality of the cells and their phagocytic and bactericidal activity was markedly diminished.
Rev Fr Mal Respir 1983
PMID:[Bronchoalveolar lavage in pneumoconiosis of coal miners. Cytologic aspects]. 630 32

The authors analyze seric levels of Angiotensin converting enzyme (A.C.E.) with the method of Cushman and Cheung in 200 cases of sarcoidosis, and 130 cases of various bronchopulmonary diseases. All values equal or greater than 35.3 u/ml are considered high (M + 2 DS, control: 71 cases, 23.3 +/- 5.99 u/ml). 67% of sarcoid cases reveal high levels, mainly radiologic stages II and forms with evidence of clinic dissemination. A significant decrease of seric levels is observed in cases with spontaneous radiologic improvements, and in cases with radiologic amelioration under corticotherapy. A not-significant increase of seric levels appears in cases with radiologic aggravation. Radiologic stable forms have a variable evolution of their seric levels. Less than 10% of tuberculosis, asthma, chronic bronchitis and interstitial pneumopathies reveal elevated levels, but the prevalence reaches 61% in pneumoconiosis. However, the observed values never get over 60 u/ml, seric levels over this range being only noted in sarcoidosis. So, the determination of seric A.C.E. level has a positive interest in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis and in following sarcoidosis evolution. Its prognostic significance yet is difficult to evaluate.
Rev Fr Mal Respir 1980
PMID:[Practical value of serum angiotensin converting enzyme levels in sarcoidosis. Current results]. 631 45

The radiographs of 393 coal-cutters (or hewers) and 187 drillers were read independently by two pneumoconiosis experts following the complete 12 grade classification (BIT 1980). The two groups were comparable for age, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and respiratory symptoms but the VEMS was lower in he drillers (p = 0.05). There were significant radiological differences between the groups as follows: with the coal-cutters predominantly type "p" opacities and Category 1; in the drillers "q" and "v" opacities and category 3 were most frequent, and there were a large number of pseudo-tumoral masses and signs of hyperinflation. The two groups have a quantitative and qualitative differences in exposure; it is necessary to interpret the results as two different types of pneumoconiosis, although there are intermediate types. The coal cutters have coal-workers pneumoconiosis in the strictest sense, while the drillers have silicosis with mixed dusts, the latter being more aggressive and incapacitating. One should take account of the two types in epidemiological evaluations in coal miners. It helps to explain certain contradictory results.
Rev Mal Respir 1984
PMID:[Cutters and drillers: 2 different coal pneumoconioses?]. 652 8

In a brief historical review the author shows that the delayed recognition of coal miners pneumoconiosis as an independent nosological entity was mainly due to an insufficiently experimentally orientated approach before 1940. The principal characteristics of the french endemic are described: a slow decline in incidence yet a continued elevated prevalence, due to the increased life span of the sufferers; the late appearance of the first radiological manifestations, most often after the working life of a Miner; a disparity of the endemic levels between mining regions without the reasons being fully elucidated. Finally the principal lines of current research are recalled which take account of new data on epidemiology and modern dust analysis processes as well as information collected in man using recent biological techniques.
Rev Fr Mal Respir 1983
PMID:[Current progress and new or unrecognized risks in occupational respiratory pathology. Pneumoconiosis in coal miners. Epidemiologic and experimental approach]. 660 41


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