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Query: UMLS:C0032273 (pneumoconiosis)
 1,578 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The lungs of 490 British coal miners were examined for comparisons of the lesions of coal workers' pneumoconiosis with lung dust content and dust exposure. Variations were found in histological appearances that formed a range, the extremes of which indicated two separate patterns of disease. In men from high rank collieries, whose lung dust had a high carbon content and little ash, most of the nodules of simple pneumoconiosis were evenly pigmented with dust, and where progressive massive fibrosis (lesions greater than 1 cm in diameter) had developed, this appeared to be by the enlargement of a single lesion. In men from low rank collieries where the ash content of lung dust was high, the centers of the nodules were often free of dust particles and in extreme cases these lesions were very similar to silicotic nodules. If PMF developed in these cases, it often appeared to be by the fusion of closely spaced groups of smaller nodules. While there appeared to be little difference between the lung dust composition of men from high rank collieries and the dust to which they had been exposed, in men from low rank collieries the proportion of the noncoal minerals in the lungs was usually higher than it had been in the mine dust. This indicated some form of differential retention of these components, which was progressively more marked in men with the more serious grades of pneumoconiosis.
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PMID:Variations in the histological patterns of the lesions of coal workers' pneumoconiosis in Britain and their relationship to lung dust content. 687 54

Thirty-five known deaths were caused by the landslide and lateral blast of the May 18 eruption of Mount St Helens and at least 23 persons are missing. In 18 of 23 cases that reached autopsy, asphyxiation from ash inhalation was the cause of death. A rapidly established hospital surveillance system detected increases in the number of emergency room (ER) visits and admissions for asthma and bronchitis in communities with the heaviest ashfall after the May 18 eruption and the eruptions on May 25 and June 12. There were also increases in the number of ER visits for ash-related eye complaints in some areas. laboratory studies indicated that the May 18 ash was not acutely toxic, but the respirable portion contained 3% to 7% of crystalline free silica, a potential pneumoconiosis hazard to certain heavily exposed occupational groups. Continuing volcanic activity of Mount St Helens and future eruption of other volcanoes in the Cascade Range may pose a variety of health hazards, including blast, ashfalls, flooding, damage to public utilities, and possible psychosocial effects.
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PMID:Mount St Helens eruptions, May 18 to June 12, 1980. An overview of the acute health impact. 702 20

A laborer who worked in a steel mill and in a shipyard developed a nonspecific pulmonary interstitial fibrosis. Postmortem samples of his lung were digested, and the inorganic material present was extracted and examined using transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and electron microprobe analysis. Uncoated asbestos fibers were present (1.4 X 10(5)/g wet lung), but the surprising finding was the presence of a large number of fly ash particles (6 X 10(6)/g wet lung). Fly ash, the particulate material produced during coal combustion, has not previously been reported to be present in human lung tissue. Although the contribution of the asbestos to this man's lung disease is uncertain, we believe, based on previous studies implicating aluminum silicates in pneumoconiosis, that the fly ash, an aluminum silicate, may be a contributing factor.
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PMID:Fly ash lung: a new pneumoconiosis? 706

Coal fly ashes (CFA) are complex particles of a variable composition, which is mainly dependent on the combustion process, the source of coal and the precipitation technique. Toxic constituents in these particles are considered to be metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and silica. The purpose of this review was to study the in vitro and in vivo data on coal fly ash and relate the studied endpoints to the role of (crystalline) silica, considering its recent classification as a human carcinogen. For most of the effects coal mine dust was chosen as a reference, since it contains up to 10% of crystalline silica (alpha-quartz) and is well studied both in vivo and in vitro. Most studies on fly ash toxicity were not designed to elucidate the effect of its silica-content nor did they include coal mine dust as a reference. Taking this into account, both in vitro and in vivo experimental studies show lower toxicity, inflammatory potential and fibrogenicity of CFA compared to silica and coal mine dust. Although in vitro and in vivo studies suggest genotoxic effects of fly ash, the data are limited and do not clarify the role of silica. Epidemiological studies in fly ash exposed working populations have found no evidence for effects commonly seen in coal workers (pneumoconiosis, emphysema) with the exception of airway obstruction at high exposure. In conclusion, the available data suggest that the hazard of coal fly ash is not to be assessed by merely adding the hazards of individual components. A closer investigation of 'matrix' effects on silica's toxicity in general seems an obligatory step in future risk assessment on fly ashes and other particles that incorporate silica as a component.
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PMID:Toxicity and occupational health hazards of coal fly ash (CFA). A review of data and comparison to coal mine dust. 937 25

Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis is fibrotic lung diseases of the pulmonary parenchyma following chronic inhalation of inorganic dusts containing crystalline silicon dioxide. The acute manifestations observed after heavy ashfalls include attacks of asthma and bronchitis, with an increased reporting of cough, breathlessness, chest tightness, and wheezing due to irritation of the lining of the airways. The chronic health condition of most concern is silicosis, a diffuse nodular fibrosis of the lungs, develops slowly, usually appearing 10 to 30 years after first exposure. A 35 years old male was admitted to Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta with complaints of progressive dyspnoea, right side chest pain since last 3 month and periodic episodes of dry cough. He had history of exposure to volcanic ash at the location around volcano eruption for about 10 month. Examination revealed hyperresonant note, diminished vesicular breath sounds in lower right side of the chest. The chest X-ray presence leads to bleb. Based on the clinical and radiological suspicion of pneumoconiosis the patient was submitted to computed tomography of the chest and revealed bilateral multiple bullae mainly at the right lung field. The biopsy specimen verified the diagnosis of anthrocosilicosis. There is no proven specific therapy for any form of silicosis. Symptomatic therapy should include treatment of airflow limitation with bronchodilators, aggressive management of respiratory tract infection with antibiotics, and use of supplemental oxygen (if indicated) to prevent complications of chronic hypoxemia.
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PMID:Traumatic Inhalation due to Merapi Volcanic Ash. 2658 90


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