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Query: UMLS:C0032273 (pneumoconiosis)
 1,578 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since 1978, the authors have collected ashes from Sakurajima volcanic eruption in Kagoshima City, and the ashes were administered to rats and rabbits through different routes and forms injecting into the trachea in order to see the effect of ashes on the respiratory organs. The authors experimentally and histopathologically demonstrated bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, atelectasis lung, degeneration of blood vessel, dust nodes and induction of pneumoconiosis due to dust fibrosis in the study of the effect of volcanic ashes on the respiratory organs.
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PMID:Experimental studies on the effects of Mt. Sakurajima volcanic ashes on the respiratory organs. 650 11

Thirty-five known deaths were caused by the landslide and lateral blast of the May 18 eruption of Mount St Helens and at least 23 persons are missing. In 18 of 23 cases that reached autopsy, asphyxiation from ash inhalation was the cause of death. A rapidly established hospital surveillance system detected increases in the number of emergency room (ER) visits and admissions for asthma and bronchitis in communities with the heaviest ashfall after the May 18 eruption and the eruptions on May 25 and June 12. There were also increases in the number of ER visits for ash-related eye complaints in some areas. laboratory studies indicated that the May 18 ash was not acutely toxic, but the respirable portion contained 3% to 7% of crystalline free silica, a potential pneumoconiosis hazard to certain heavily exposed occupational groups. Continuing volcanic activity of Mount St Helens and future eruption of other volcanoes in the Cascade Range may pose a variety of health hazards, including blast, ashfalls, flooding, damage to public utilities, and possible psychosocial effects.
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PMID:Mount St Helens eruptions, May 18 to June 12, 1980. An overview of the acute health impact. 702 20

A respiratory questionnaire was administered to 20 miners with simple anthracite coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) and ten normal subjects. Lung function studies which included lung mechanics and small airways disease measurements were also performed. Seventeen of the miners admitted to having symptoms of bronchitis. No significant differences were demonstrated between the two groups for vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and three seconds (FEV3), midmaximal flow rate (FEF25-75%), and peak flow rate (PEFR). A significant decrease in the maximum expiratory flow rate at 50 percent of vital capacity (V max50%) was detected; however, this was not evident when the flow rate was corrected for lung volume. Also, there were no significant differences in lung volumes, diffusing capacity (DCO) and diffusion coefficient (DCO/TLC). The mean static expired compliance (Cstate) was significantly increased in the anthracite miners, but no difference in specific compliance (Cstate/FRC) could be demonstrated. Also, no significant differences were detected in the mean values of any of the tests of small airways disease. There is little evidence of significant alterations in lung mechanics or small airway narrowing in miners with simple anthracite pneumoconiosis.
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PMID:Effect of simple anthracite pneumoconiosis on lung mechanics. 714 Apr 2

Hyperreactivity of a pneumoconiotic origin may manifest itself either at the level of the lung parenchyma or at the bronchial site. It may induce either clinical patterns, such as those which occur in the bronchospastic disease in coal-miners, or be the cause of functional disturbances in particular positive responses to aspecific challenge tests with acetylcholine; finally it may produce some radiologic or endoscopic changes in the lungs. The precise role of the causal agent of pneumoconiosis is difficult to assess by comparison with the role of bronchitis, more precisely that of the small airway disease, or the action of the numerous air pollutants or eventually the intervention of an individual predisposition. Bronchial hyperreactivity in pneumoconiotics may not be assimilated to a purely immunological phenomenon. The various changes induced in the lungs by the pneumoconiosis, above all at the level of the bronchi, contribute to a multifactorial etiology of this hyperreactivity. A better understanding of the phenomenon might result from further biological investigation of the respiratory tract.
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PMID:[Bronchial hyperreactivity in miners with pneumoconiosis]. 722 93

During the period 1988-1992 deaths from lung diseases were more frequent among the farming population according to Swiss mortality data. The age-standardized proportional mortality rate (PMR) is 127 for all the lung diseases (ICD-8 460-519), 140 for bronchitis and asthma (ICD-8 490-493), 137 for asthma alone (ICD-8 493) and 841 for pneumoconiosis due to organic dust (ICD-8 516.1 + .2). Stock-farmers showed a mortality pattern for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease opposite to that of vegetable farmers and wine-growers. This increased mortality among farmers is paradoxical in the light of the more frequent tolerance for aeroallergens among the children of farmers, the conservative style of housing and living as well as received ideas about working in natural and therefore healthy air. Insufficient knowledge of the multifactorial risks of natural pathogenic organic substances and of dangerous work are just as important for the pathogenesis of these diseases and deaths as the changed social and cultural values with the consequences on insurance policy. These factors affect optimal prophylaxis (limitation of air pollution, safety measures, job change and measures in order to achieve adequate social security).
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PMID:[Why do farmers die more often from lung diseases?]. 773 45

There have been established opposite reactions in the cardiovascular system during formation of dust-induced pathology of lungs: a common finding in patients with pneumoconiosis is alterations in the left heart, while in chronic dust bronchitis the same is true of the right heart. In the authors' opinion, different states of pulmonary surfactant in the above conditions account for this observation. Inhibition of synthesis of the pulmonary surfactant associated with the development of the blood and tissue phospholipid deficiency makes for the evolution of atherosclerosis in patients with pneumoconiosis while enhancement of the phospholipid production by the lungs accompanied by elevation of their blood content is an important factor inhibiting the processes of atherogenesis in patients with dust bronchitis.
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PMID:[The role of pulmonary surfactant in the atherogenesis process in patients with dust-induced respiratory organ diseases]. 783 9

Exposure to diatomaceous earth with low crystalline silica content (< 1%) is rarely reported to cause pneumoconiotic disease, whereas airway obstruction and bronchitis are more frequently reported. We investigated the occurrence of pneumoconiosis and airflow limitation in 172 male workers from 5 potato sorting plants (55 controls, 29 salesmen, 72 currently exposed, and 16 retired exposed) exposed to inorganic dust from former sea terraces (7.7-15.4 mg/m3), high in diatomaceous earth. The presence of fibrosis was evaluated by chest radiographs (exposed only) and serum levels of type III procollagen (P-III-P) were measured as an estimate of fibrogenetic activity. Lung function was assessed by flow volume curves and impedance measurements. A validated questionnaire was used to record respiratory symptoms. No pneumoconiotic abnormalities were demonstrated by chest radiographs. In line with this finding, serum P-III-P levels were not elevated in exposed workers as compared to controls, suggesting no differences in fibrogenetic activity. In fact, serum P-III-P levels decreased significantly (P < 0.03) with increasing cumulative exposure. Flow volume parameters indicated airflow obstruction, dose-related to (cumulative) dust exposure; the annual decline in forced expiratory flow volume (FEV1) was estimated at 10.5 ml/year (P < 0.05). Airway obstruction was confirmed by impedance analysis: In the retired group impedance changes were compatible with airway obstruction extending into the peripheral airways. We conclude that this exposure to quartz during potato sorting does not result in an increased risk for pneumoconiosis, but that (prolonged) surveillance in this group is desirable in order to detect early indications of airflow obstruction.
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PMID:Respiratory effects and serum type III procollagen in potato sorters exposed to diatomaceous earth. 784 30

Lipids peroxidation (LP) and antioxidant defence (AD) were compared in the patients facing pneumoconiosis and dust bronchitis. The studied group included 35 patients with suspected pneumoconiosis, 75 patients facing the 1 grade of pneumoconiosis, 43 coniotuberculosis patients and 43 patients with dust bronchitis. Active LP was demonstrated, values and intensities of its stages depended on the origin and severity of disease. AD was characteristically depressed, which necessitates the antioxidant treatment of patients with pneumoconiosis and dust bronchitis.
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PMID:[Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence in patients with pneumoconiosis and dust-induced bronchitis]. 792 39

It has recently been suggested that the inhalation of coal in the absence of complicated coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) or smoking can lead to disabling airways obstruction. The cause of such obstruction has been variously attributed to emphysema or bronchitis. The frequency of significant airways obstruction in a group of United States coal miners seeking compensation for occupationally induced pulmonary impairment was therefore determined. In a sample of 611 "Black Lung" claimants there was only one subject who was a non-smoker and who in the absence of other non-occupationally related diseases,--for example, asthma and bronchiectasis--had sufficient airways obstruction to render it difficult for him to carry out hard labour. An alternative explanation for his reduced ventilatory capacity other than coal dust or smoking may be available. If the inhalation of coal dust in the absence of smoking and complicated CWP ever induces sufficient ventilatory impairment to preclude a miner from working, it is indeed rare.
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PMID:Airways obstruction, coal mining, and disability. 784 72

Simultaneous study of immune state and HLA-testing was conducted for 73 patients with pneumoconiosis and 52 sufferers from dust bronchitis. The HLA antigens appeared to correlate with immune disorders in those diseases. The study revealed differences in the HLA antigens causing immune changes in pneumoconiosis and dust bronchitis. Those differences corresponded to differences between the markers of propensity to those diseases. Thus, the authors assume that formation of pneumoconiosis or dust bronchitis could depend on genetically determined variants of immune disorders.
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PMID:[Correlation between HLA antigens and immune status in dust-induced lung diseases in workers of machine-building industry]. 852 Aug 97


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