Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032273 (pneumoconiosis)
 1,578 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During 16 years (1958-1974) 327 open lung biopsies were carried out in the Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Research Institute, the 2md and 3rd Surgical Clinic of Charles University in Prague. A modification of the original Klassen's surgical technique with axillary or submammary approach was used. The patients (160 males, 167 women) were referred for biopsy because of various forms of diffuse pulmonary lesions without established diagnosis. The age of the patients varied from 6-72 years, 27 of them, aged over 60, were operated on nothwithstanding their compromised cardiopulmonary function. In 252 (79%) the definite diagnosis with characteristic histology was obtained, and in 70 (21%) only pulmonary fibrosis without exact specification was evaluated. The definite histologic findings were as follows: 102 (31%) diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (Hamman-Rich), 32 (10%) pulmonary lesions in systemic cardiopulmonary or bronchopulmonary diseases (collagenosis, eosinophilic and other granulomas, Wegener, hemosiderosis, etc.), 42 (13%) pulmonary sarcoidosis, 12 (4%) pulmonary tuberculosis, 45 (14%) pneumoconiosis, mostly silicosis, 24 (7%) neoplastic lesions. Post-operative morbidity of minor importance was 13,5%, mortality 0,3%: One 56 years old woman died 5 days following operation of cardiopulmonary insufficiency. This was an incorrect indication for biopsy based on inadequate evaluation of the patient's initial functional status. The open lung biopsy obtained by minimal thoracotomy is a valuable and well tolerated diagnostic method in cases where diagnosis cannot be obtained with certainty on the base of results of usual investigation procedures.
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PMID:Open lung biopsy. 100 85

Superoxide anion release (O2-) after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate was measured in alveolar macrophages (AM) obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage and in blood monocytes from 47 patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (N = 15), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (N = 7), pneumoconiosis (N = 6) and sarcoidosis (N = 19). Differential cell counts demonstrated a lymphocyte predominance in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and sarcoidosis while the other groups had neutrophil predominance. No correlation between O2- activity in alveolar macrophages (AM) or blood monocytes (BM) compared to lung function (VC and diffusing capacity) could be demonstrated. Smoking pneumoconiotics had significantly decreased BM O2- release (1.25 +/- 0.25 (SEM) nmol/min/10(6) cells) and significantly increased AM/BM O2- ratios (2.04 +/- 0.26) compared to smokers with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) who had the following mean values: BM O2- release = 2.58 +/- 0.25 and AM/BM O2- ratio = 0.86 +/- 0.23. When matched for sex and smoking, a significantly increased AM/BM O2- ratio was seen among patients with HP (2.19 +/- 0.98) in comparison with patients who had sarcoidosis (0.40 +/- 0.18). Patients with either HP or pneumoconiosis had generally elevated AM O2- release and reduced BM O2- release. These results suggest that environmentally related interstitial lung disorders (HP and pneumoconiosis) may be associated with elevated AM O2- release relative to BM O2- release in comparison to non-environmentally related disorders (IPF or sarcoidosis).
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PMID:Superoxide anion release from blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages in patients with diffuse lung fibrosis. 131 62

Altered permeability of the gut is a well-described feature in Crohn's disease. Because of pathologic similarities between Crohn's disease and sarcoidosis, we initiated this study to evaluate the permeability of the gut mucosal lining in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. A group of 18 patients with biopsy-proven pulmonary sarcoidosis (active n = 8, inactive n = 10) were included in the study. Control groups included 22 patients with Crohn's disease (active n = 12, inactive n = 10), nine untreated patients with recent pulmonary tuberculosis, six patients with coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP), eight patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and 16 healthy subjects. All were nonsmokers. The 24-h urinary excretion of 100 microCi 51Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (51Cr-EDTA) was used to test the intestinal permeability (IP). As previously demonstrated, patients with active Crohn's disease demonstrated a dramatic increase in IP (7.7 +/- 1.4%) that was clearly reduced in inactive CD (2.34 +/- 0.54%). Patients with active pulmonary sarcoidosis exhibited a marked increased IP to 51Cr-EDTA (4 +/- 0.54%), which was not found in patients with inactive sarcoidosis (1.6 +/- 0.17%). IP was normal in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (1.03 +/- 0.25%), CWP (2.1 +/- 0.54%), and IPF (1.9 +/- 0.33%) and did not differ from the control group (1.76 +/- 0.23%). In addition, in 6 patients with active pulmonary sarcoidosis, the concentrations of albumin and hyaluronan were measured in jejunal perfusion fluid and compared with those obtained from 10 patients with active Crohn's disease and 16 control subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Increased intestinal permeability in active pulmonary sarcoidosis. 159 16

Fractional analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (FABAL) fluid was performed in 6 control patients and 41 patients with various interstitial lung disease. The cell differential counts in the first 30 ml fraction of BAL (FBAL-I), which is considered to be the bronchial lavage, differed from those of the 50 ml second and third fraction (FBAL-III). Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, and sarcoidosis showed a high recovery of lymphocytes (52%); however, the former two disorders were occasionally, associated with neutrophil airway inflammation, whereas sarcoidosis was not. The percentage recovery of neutrophils in total FBAL was considerably high in patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis, and relatively high in those with collagen vascular disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pneumoconiosis, and control smokers. However, these neutrophils were largely recovered from FBAL-I, suggesting the presence of airway inflammation. Thus, it is valuable to apply the FBAL method to determine the topographic distribution of inflammatory cells in the lungs. It was also found that the lymphocyte morphology in the lavage fluid was of value in establishing the diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and it is critical whether or not mast cells and basophils are present in BALF since they indicate the pathologic state of allergy or fibrosis. Although present in various fibrotic lung diseases in a limit number, langerhans cells are a diagnostic marker for histiocytosis X.
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PMID:[Airway and alveolar inflammation assessments with bronchoalveolar lavage in various interstitial lung disorders]. 163 46

The uptake of gallium 67 (67Ga) into cells is postulated to be through transferrin receptors (TFR) of 67Ga combined with transferrin. We studied the relationship between gallium 67 citrate scanning (67Ga scan) and immunohistochemical TFR expression in lungs of nine patients with lung cancer and eight patients with diffuse interstitial lung diseases. We found that lung cancer tissues of positive 67Ga scan expressed TFR, but those of a negative scan did not. In all of the five patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), TFR were expressed on the membrane of alveolar macrophages that formed clusters. However, TFR were not expressed in lymphocytes, neutrophils, type 2 alveolar epithelial cells, and endothelial cells. In two patients with sarcoidosis and a patient with pneumoconiosis, TFR were expressed positively only on the membrane of foamy alveolar macrophages and epithelioid cells of granuloma. These findings suggest that 67Ga-citrate initially combines with transferrin in the blood and then the complex is incorporated into cells through TFR. Therefore, 67Ga scan could be positive when cells have TFR and one should be able to observe cancer cells, clusters of alveolar macrophages, and epithelioid cells through the imaging of 67Ga scan in lung cancer and diffuse interstitial lung diseases.
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PMID:Relationship between gallium 67 citrate scanning and transferrin receptor expression in lung diseases. 164 43

The serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity (ACE) was studied in 198 patients (116 had sarcoidosis and 82 pulmonary diseases with sarcoidosis-like X-ray picture). Rise of ACE activity in sarcoidosis patients was clearly associated with the process phase (93% in active sarcoidosis and 35.7% in nonactive). Rise of serum ACE activity was found in 46.3% of the patients having sarcoidosis-like diseases (in 41% with tuberculosis 56.3% with nonspecific inflammatory diseases and also in patients with fibrosing alveolitis, histiocytosis X and pneumoconiosis). Though the blood serum ACE activity has a high rate of the increase in sarcoidosis, this test should be considered only in the general complex of differential diagnosis signs. This can be explained by a sufficiently high probability of ACE activity rise in all diseases that most commonly require differentiation with sarcoidosis.
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PMID:[Serum angiotensin converting enzyme in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis and other lung diseases]. 166 54

The interstitial lung diseases are comprised of a group of pulmonary disorders characterized clinically by diffuse infiltrates on the chest radiograph and histologically by distortion of the gas exchanging portion of the lung. The physiologic correlates are restriction of lung volumes and impaired oxygenation. The term "interstitial" when applied to these diseases is actually a misnomer because it implies that the inflammatory process is limited specifically to the area between the alveolar epithelial and capillary endothelial basement membranes. The diseases currently grouped as "interstitial" also frequently involve the alveolar epithelium, alveolar space, pulmonary microvasculature, and less commonly, the respiratory bronchioles, larger airways, and even the pleura. The enormous differential diagnosis of interstitial lung disease can be made manageable by understanding that pneumoconiosis, drug-induced disease, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis account for over 80% of the responsible entities and can usually be identified from the patient's history. The nine remaining diseases/disease categories include: sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia, histiocytosis X, chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, collagen vascular disease-associated interstitial lung disease, granulomatous vasculitis (Wegener's granulomatosis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, lymphomatoid granulomatosis), Goodpasture's syndrome, and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. The diagnosis of a specific interstitial lung disease can be made via various means including the patient's history, specific serologies, bronchoalveolar lavage, transbronchial biopsy, and biopsy of extrathoracic tissues or open lung biopsy. A directed diagnostic approach can be formulated based on an understanding of these techniques and a thorough knowledge of the clinical presentations and specific diagnostic criteria for each of the major diseases. This monograph will serve as a guide for the clinician to use in evaluating and treating patients with interstitial lung disease. We begin by reviewing the clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, and management of specific interstitial lung diseases excluding pulmonary infection, neoplasm, and sarcoidosis. Pneumoconiosis and drug-induced syndromes are not discussed in detail, but the agents responsible and pertinent exposures are presented in tabular form in the discussion of the general diagnostic approach.
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PMID:Interstitial lung disease. 199 45

The use of long term domiciliary oxygen therapy in the Sheffield area from June to August 1987 has been surveyed. Of the 74 patients prescribed long term domiciliary oxygen therapy, 64 were visited at home. These had arterial blood gas tensions or oxygen saturation measured (while breathing oxygen and air), and the indications for long term domiciliary oxygen therapy were examined retrospectively. Fifty two patients had chronic bronchitis and emphysema, the remainder having pneumoconiosis, bronchiectasis, fibrosing alveolitis, and congestive cardiac failure. Of the 54 cases where indications for treatment could be compared with the Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS) guidelines, only 23 (43%) met the full DHSS criteria before the start of treatment. The median length of treatment was 16 months. At follow up 51 patients had an arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) greater than 8.0 kPa when breathing oxygen. They had a significantly higher PaO2 when breathing air than before long term oxygen therapy (6.7 (SD 1.2) kPa before oxygen treatment, 7.6 (1.4) kPa on reassessment). A similar change was seen in the 23 patients assessed as recommended by the DHSS (6.1 (0.8) kPa; 7.2 (1.2]. PaO2 during the breathing of air was less than 7.3 kPa at reassessment in only 21 (33%) patients. Thirteen patients had carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations above 2.5%, the 95th centile of the distribution in nonsmokers in the laboratory.
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PMID:Long term domiciliary oxygen treatment for chronic respiratory failure reviewed. 210 1

A mineralogical analysis of lung tissue was conducted on 25 samples from patients who had been diagnosed as having idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at low magnification and energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA) was used. In all samples, the surface silicon/sulfur (Si/S) ratio was calculated. The Si/S ratio for 25 samples of normal lung and 6 samples of pneumoconiotic lung was also determined (upper limit of normal Si/S ratio = 0.3). The difference between the Si/S ratio in the group with IPF and group with normal lung tissue was significantly significant (p less than .007, Wilcoxon test). Six of 12 patients with a previous diagnosis of IPF and a Si/S ratio greater than 0.3 had an exposure history that could imply inhalation of silica/silicates, and the correct diagnosis for these patients is most probably pneumoconiosis. The silica/silicate deposits detected in patients with IPF, and who had a ratio and no past exposure to dusts, could be either a cause or an effect of the disease.
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PMID:Mineralogical microanalysis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. 216 43

To investigate the relation between lung function and inflammation and fibrosis in patients with diffuse lung fibrosis, a study was made of untreated patients without appreciable airway obstruction (14 patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and seven with pneumoconiosis). Quantitative assessment of inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis was carried out on open lung biopsy specimens and compared with lung volumes, carbon monoxide transfer factor (TLCO), TLCO corrected for alveolar volume (TLCO/VA), and arterial blood gases at rest and during exercise. The degree of fibrosis and the degree of cellular infiltration were positively correlated. Lung volumes and TLCO were correlated with the grades of fibrosis and cellular infiltration of alveoli; arterial blood gases during exercise tended to correlate with both fibrosis and infiltration (p less than 0.06). In contrast, morphological data were not correlated with gas exchange at rest or with TLCO/VA. It is concluded that, in untreated patients with diffuse lung fibrosis, lung volumes, TLCO, and arterial blood gases during exercise reflect the lung lesions, and that the pulmonary function tests used cannot discriminate between fibrosis and infiltration of the lung by inflammatory cells.
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PMID:Effects of inflammation and fibrosis on pulmonary function in diffuse lung fibrosis. 221 74


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