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Query: UMLS:C0032273 (pneumoconiosis)
 1,578 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In some countries extensive research is carried out on preventing tuberculous disease by administration of INH. In GDR since about 1960 chemopreventive measures were taken in cases of silicosis and silicotuberculosis too. More than 2000 patients of the Magdeburg Pneumoconiosis Center were followed-up from 1960 to 1969. The high risk of tuberculous disease of 21% in the group of silicosis patients without administration of INH could be reduced to 14% after preventive administration of INH. However, such clear effects were observed only under optimal conditions, that is sufficient dosage, duration and reliability of treatment. On the base of these results and other publications patients with silicosis with and without tuberculous residues should be included into the programmes of preventive chemotherapy of the chest clinics.
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PMID:[Preventive chemotherapy in persons with silicosis and silicotuberculosis (author's transl)]. 96 Jul 85

In order to verify the value of the determination of serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACEs) in the assessment of silicosis and silicotuberculosis, we studied 105 subjects: 61 suffering from silicosis, 12 from silicotuberculosis, 19 from tuberculosis and 13 from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The patients with silicosis and silicotuberculosis were classified into two categories on the basis of the radiological pattern of pneumoconiosis according to the ILO 1980 CLASSIFICATION: mild silicosis (from 1/1 to 2/1) and severe silicosis (from 2/2 to 3+ and/or conglomerate masses). ACEs values were higher in the subjects suffering from silicotuberculosis and silicosis; in the latter, however, we did not find any significant relation between ACEs values and the radiological pattern. The lowest values of ACEs were found in the COPD group. Our data showed a statistically significant difference between silicotic or silicotuberculotic patients and the COPD group (p less than 0.05). It can be supposed that COPD, which was also found in all subjects suffering from silicosis or silicotuberculosis, might have caused an underestimation of the observed ACEs values which, however, were higher than normal. This increase might have been caused by a numerical or functional enhancement of the macrophages, which produce ACE and play an important role in the pathogenesis of such diseases.
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PMID:[The evaluation of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme in silicosis and silicotuberculosis]. 196 97

The data on airborne dust and occupational disease in the main dust-related industries of the People's Republic of Bulgaria are generalized and analyzed for a period of 15 years. In the ore producing industry is established a stability in the concentration of total and respirable dust 1-2 TWA concentrations and decrease of silica content in dust. The highest occupational hazard is registered in diggers. The levels of TWA total and respirable dust and silica concentrations in the other underground mines as well as in the overground industries are strongly variable and high. Silicosis is still in the first place among dust-related diseases, but mainly among miners of advanced age. The newly detected other pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, mixed pneumoconiosis are already more than the cases of silicotuberculosis. An essential part is taken by the newly detected diffusive pneumosclerosis and dust bronchitis. The distribution of the newly detected occupational lung diseases is studied according to branches of industry.
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PMID:[Dust levels and dust-induced diseases in the main dust-producing industries]. 209 45

A series of investigations conducted in different "silicosis-risk" industries using a methodology based on the mathematical theory of pattern recognition has shown that in the given conditions of dust exposure, the probability of contracting pneumoconiosis depends for each individual on a complex influence of many factors, both environmental and intrinsic for the individual. Genetic predisposition was one of the most important factors and while the direction in which a factor influences predisposition was the same in every industry, its relative contribution to predisposition to simple silicosis was different in the studied working populations. So a reliable prediction of the high probability of this form of pneumoconiosis on the basis of such a multifactorial analysis is possible only with respect to specific conditions of a particular industry. The complex of factors determining predisposition to silicotuberculosis is more general: this complex comprises both factors influencing susceptibility to silica dust and specially those influencing susceptibility to tuberculosis. Despite the low prevalence of genetic resistance to pneumoconiosis in working populations, the risk of contracting the disease in modern industrial conditions of relatively low dust exposure is high only for a proportion of workers for whom the genotype of predisposition to silicosis or to silicotuberculosis coincides with a most unfavourable combination of non-genetic factors enhancing this predisposition. In the opinion of the authors, the task of screening off those applicants for a "silicosis-risk" employment for whom the risk may be estimated as high on the basis of the developed methodology, is quite feasible.
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PMID:The principles of predicting the individual risk of silicosis and silicotuberculosis. 836 38

In order to clarify the long-term effect of tunnel work on the health of its workers, we examined its cause-specific mortality pattern. The subjects were 418 males who died after the age of 30 in 1977 in the southern part of Oita Prefecture, where many men come and work away from home as tunnel workers. Death certificates, 418 in number, presented to the health center were used to examine the causes of death. Occupational careers and life histories of the subjects were obtained by interviewing their families or relatives in 1980. The interviews were successfully carried out with 356 subjects (85.2%). The subjects were divided into two groups. One group was consisted of 73 males who had engaged in the tunnel work (tunnel workers) and the other was of 283 males without experience of tunnel work (others). Proportional mortality ratio (PMR) and proportional mortality classified by age were compared between the two groups. The mean ages at death were also compared among these two groups and all Japanese males over 30 years of age. The results were as follows. The proportion of the deaths of "tunnel workers" among the total deaths in the area surveyed was correlated to the regional rate of tunnel workers and the distribution of pneumoconiosis due to tunnel work. These results show that many tunnel workers suffering from pneumoconiosis had returned to their home area before they died. Excess deaths from the ICD category I; infective and parasitic diseases (000-136), tuberculosis (010-019) and silicotuberculosis (010) were found among the "tunnel workers."(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Analysis of mortality patterns in an area supplying tunnel workers away from home. Part 2. Mortality patterns among tunnel workers]. 648 67

Tunnel work, digging a tunnel at the face, is a highly specialized job today. Many tunnel workers migrate from one place to another away from home throughout the year. They are exposed to hazardous factors such as dust, vibration, noise and so on, working under the two 12-hour shift system. Recently it has been reported that many workers who had suffered from pneumoconiosis and/or vibration disease returned to their home areas. The southern part of Oita Prefecture is well known as being one of the areas which supply many tunnel workers. In order to study the long-term effects of tunnel work on the health of the tunnel workers, the authors compared the mortality rate in the district supplying many tunnel workers with that of the district supplying few workers. Nine causes of death were chosen among many as indices indicating the characteristics of the structure of mortality in the district supplying many tunnel workers. The authors estimated these causes of death in relation to sex and age, analyzing simple correlations between the 9 causes of death and 33 socioeconomic factors. A principal component analysis of these indices was also carried out. The results were as follows. A close relationship was found between tunnel work and three causes of death such as silicotuberculosis (010), tuberculosis (010-019, A 6), and infective and parasitic diseases (000-136). The other 5 causes of death such as diseases of the digestive system (520-577), neoplasms (014-259), all causes (000-999), stomach cancer (151, A 47) and pneumoconiosis (515) were related not only to tunnel work but also to other regional characteristics such as fishery workers rate. No relationship was found between tunnel work and death by cerebrovascular disease (430-438, A 85). These results show that the tunnel work has an influence on the structure of mortality in the area supplying these workers.
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PMID:[Analysis of the mortality patterns in an area supplying migratory tunnel workers 1. Regional differences in the mortality patterns]. 666 21

Prevalence of the basis types of pneumoconioses (silicosis, silicotuberculosis, asbestosis) in Bulgaria was studied during a 7-year period (1985-1991). Information was taken from reports of the Department for silicosis and other pneumoconioses control in the country. As a basis of the investigation serves the total number of workers endangered by dust exposure in different risk branches. The more rarely encountered pneumoconioses are referred to in absolute numbers. Trends in the development and prognosis of the most frequently encountered pneumoconiosis in Bulgaria could be followed. Recommendations are given for future preventive activity.
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PMID:Pneumoconioses in Bulgaria--prevalence, development, prognosis and prevention. 781 46

The authors evaluate clinical peculiarities of chronic bronchitis, silicotuberculosis and pneumoconiosis (mullitosis) in workers exposed to highly aluminiferous clay.
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PMID:[Clinical features of respiratory diseases caused by mullite dust]. 1110 83

Inhalation of dusts is an important cause of interstitial lung disease in the tropical countries such as India. While dusts of organic origin, such as the cotton dust causing byssinosis, generally cause bronchial or bronchiolar involvement and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, inorganic metallic dusts cause progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Silicosis, coal workers' pneumoconiosis, and asbestosis are the three most commonly recognized forms of pneumoconiotic pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary tuberculosis is an important complication seen in up to 50% of patients of silicosis in some reports from India. The presentation is generally chronic, although acute and accelerated forms of silicosis are known when the exposures are heavy. Breathlessness, dry cough, and general constitutional symptoms are commonly seen. Patients with silicotuberculosis or other forms of infection may also have significant expectoration, hemoptysis, fever, and rapid progression. Respiratory failure and chronic cor pulmonale occur in the later stages. The diagnosis is easily established if the occupational history is available. Dense nodular opacities on chest roentgenograms, which may be large in patients with massive pulmonary fibrosis, are characteristic. Emphysematous changes generally appear in advanced stages or in patients who smoke. Bronchoalveolar lavage and/or lung biopsy may occasionally be required to establish or exclude other causes of interstitial lung disease. Treatment is largely palliative, although a variety of drugs including corticosteroids and procedures such as whole lung lavage have been tried. None of these methods has yet been found successful in the treatment. Preventive safety steps, including removal of the patient from the site of exposure, are the only effective strategies to control disease progression.
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PMID:Dust-induced interstitial lung disease in the tropics. 1158 75

Silicosis is the most common and most frequently tuberculosis-complicated pneumoconiosis with poor prognosis. So a procedure for following up patients with silicotuberculosis requires revision and elaboration. Long-term follow-ups have made it possible to define early signs of this disease and to propose a number of techniques for its early diagnosis, such as chest computed tomography and polarization serum crystal microscopy. Specific recommendations on follow-ups of patients with silicosis and silicotuberculosis by a phthisiologist are laid down.
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PMID:[Dispensary registration groups and follow-up periods of patients with silicotuberculosis]. 1164 51


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