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Query: UMLS:C0032273 (pneumoconiosis)
 1,578 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A cohort of 1,117 asbestos insulation workers was established in 1963 and has been prospectively followed since then. Chest X-ray abnormalities detected at the initial medical examination, and interpreted according to the International Labour Office Classification of Radiographs of Pneumoconioses are reported in this paper. The prevalence of all radiographic abnormalities (pleural and pulmonary) increased with duration from onset of asbestos exposure. A positive smoking history was associated with a significantly higher prevalence of small irregular opacities indicating interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Such an association was not found for pleural fibrosis. The possible mechanisms which underlie the effect of smoking on asbestos-induced interstitial fibrosis seem to be of much less importance in the development of pleural fibrosis. Progression of radiographic changes over the 20-year interval 1963-1983 will be separately reported as will the predictive significance of these changes.
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PMID:Asbestosis: interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and pleural fibrosis in a cohort of asbestos insulation workers: influence of cigarette smoking. 381 90

A male subject exposed for many years to rare earth (RE)-containing fumes and dusts emitted from carbon arc lamps in photoengraving laboratories was investigated to rule out RE pneumoconiosis. While chest x-ray films showed a severe pulmonary fibrosis, clinical analysis showed obvious high RE concentrations in the pulmonary and lymph node biopsy specimens compared with the corresponding tissues of 11 unexposed subjects. In addition to other elements, levels of thorium (Th), which is generally present as an impurity of RE compounds, were also determined to estimate the radiation dose which may be involved in inducing pneumoconiosis. The results show that the levels of Th are more than two orders of magnitude lower than the maximum permissible concentration for occupational exposure to natural 232Th, suggesting that the long-term accumulation of RE in the lungs played a role in the pathogenesis of the observed pulmonary fibrosis of the worker.
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PMID:Human exposure to heavy metals. Rare earth pneumoconiosis in occupational workers. 683 21

The authors have analyzed the medico-legal records of 70 workers from an asbestos factory, who developed pneumoconiosis, sometimes after prolonged exposure. X-ray films were interpreted (though not without some difficulty) according to the I.L.O. classification criteria. Respiratory function tests included spirometry, gas exchange determination and blood gas measurements. There was a correlation between the duration of occupational exposure and the onset of chest lesions visible on X-ray films (pleural thickening, pulmonary fibrosis and later, pleural calcifications) and a closer correlation between these and the results of the two main respiratory function tests: vital capacity and fractional global and arterio-alveolar CO uptake coefficient (DuaCO). It appeared, however, that lung function impairment sometimes preceded radiological abnormalities, and this should be taken into consideration when assessing the financial compensation due to workers exposed to asbestos.
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PMID:[The relevance of chest X-rays and respiratory function tests to the assessment of occupational hazards in asbestos factory workers (author's transl)]. 720 89

Based on personal clinical observations in over one hundred cases and the data in the literature, a brief general review of the clinical and biological characteristics of chronic idiopathic fibrogenous interstitial pneumopathy (diffuse idiopathic interstitial fibrosis) is presented. Chief emphasis is placed on functional characteristics (inadequacy of the ventilation/perfusion ratio and disease of the small airways and of the interstitium per se), morphologic considerations, and analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Typically the disease runs its course within about 4 years following diagnosis, the evolution being marked by episodes of infection complicating the concurrent respiratory insufficiency. Complications stemming from pre-existing coronary insufficiency or neoplastic transformation can occur in elderly patients. Recent advances have been the result of experimental data, of a better understanding of the biochemical structure of the lung (particularly with respect to the metabolism of collagen) and of cytologic and isotopic investigations, especially iterative bronchoalveolar lavage and gallium scintigraphy. Treatment remains disappointing, however, and principally symptomatic (corticotherapy and azathioprine). In relation to acquired fibrosis (common pneumoconiosis, extrinsic allergic alveolitis, iatrogenic pneumopathy, pulmonary fibrosis secondary to systemic disease) this syndrome represents a distinct, if not unequivocal or specific entity.
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PMID:[Idiopathic fibrogenous interstitial pneumopathy]. 745 55

The present national classification of pneumoconioses was adopted 15 years ago. During this time span clinical morphology, a new branch of medical science, was formed and developed. So, the new approaches inspired classic pathologic anatomy and experimental pulmonology to assemble more precise and somehow refined knowledge of pneumoconioses, including the classification. Pneumoconiosis as diffuse pneumonitis can develop 2 main types: interstitial and granulomatous. Both types are characterized by progressive stages of morphogenesis, which are different in various loci of lungs. Those stages are: alveolar lipoproteinosis, serous and desquamative alveolitis, coniotic lymphangitis, coniotic pneumosclerosis. First three of them compose alteration and dystrophic period of the disease, the last one demonstrates pulmonary fibrosis. During the coniotic lymphangitis granulomas could be formed of either macrophages, or epithelioid cells.
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PMID:[The pathomorphological aspects for the classification of pneumoconioses]. 766 55

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the risk of lung cancer from asbestos exposure is confined to persons with radiographic evidence of pulmonary fibrosis. Occupational and smoking histories were obtained from 271 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of primary lung cancer and 678 referents (279 with other respiratory disease and 399 with cardiac disease). Histories were reviewed blind to assess the timing, duration, and probability of exposure to asbestos. To allow for a lag between asbestos exposure and the development of lung cancer, subjects were classified by the time they had spent in an occupation entailing definite or probable exposure more than 15 years before diagnosis. The presence and extent of fibrosis was assessed blindly from chest radiographs by three readers and scored for small opacities with the ILO 1989 International Classification of Radiographs of the Pneumoconioses. 93 (34.3%) cases had worked in an occupation with definite or probable asbestos exposure compared with 176 (25.8%) referents (crude odds ratio for lung cancer 1.49, 95% CI 1.09-2.04). After adjustment for age, sex, smoking history, and area of referral, the odds ratio (95% CI) was 2.03 (1.00-4.13) in the subgroup of 211 with a median ILO score for small parenchymal opacities of 1/0 or more, and 1.56 (1.02-2.39) in the 738 with a score of 0/1 or less (ie, those without radiological evidence of pulmonary fibrosis). These results suggest that asbestos is associated with lung cancer even in the absence of radiologically apparent pulmonary fibrosis.
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PMID:Is lung cancer associated with asbestos exposure when there are no small opacities on the chest radiograph? 767 17

A cross-sectional study, with 1,237 employees solely exposed to hard alloy dust and 502 controls in four hard metal works and two tool and grinder manufacturers in China, was conducted. Results showed prevalence of symptoms of respiratory system, and abnormalities in lung function and serum level of ceruloplasmin and urine cobalt content in exposed group were significantly higher than those in controls. Eight cases of pneumoconiosis were detected by chest X-ray films with a prevalence of 0.65% and an average length of employment in dust environment of 25.2 years. It suggested hard alloy dust could cause pulmonary fibrosis and pneumoconiosis in exposed workers.
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PMID:[An epidemiologic study on pulmonary fibrosis caused by hard alloy dust]. 779 83

Standard epidemiological and clinical features of sarcoidosis were evaluated in 24 regional centres from Moravia and Silesia (4 million inhabitants). During 1981-1990 the incidence ranged from 3.3 to 4.4/100,000 with slight decrease after 1985, when unselected chest X-ray screening was restricted. The prevalence (however disputable in sarcoidosis) increased from 41.3 to 63.1/100,000. Sex ratio male/female was 1: 2.35; only 39% of patients were younger than 40 years. Biopsy supported the diagnosis in 60% of cases. Tuberculin negativity was found in 64%. X-ray types were presented as follows: 0-2%, I-71%, II-22%, III-5%. Regional incidences varied from 0.9 to 11.7/100,000. Lower values were found in mining areas and high pneumoconiosis incidence. The course of the disease was benign with only sporadic extrapulmonary complications or pulmonary fibrosis. The results indicate that improved knowledge of sarcoidosis has brought epidemiological equilibrium to the evaluated area.
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PMID:Epidemiological study on sarcoidosis in Moravia and Silesia. 780 93

Rheumatoid arthritis is a multi-system disease. Pulmonary manifestations and complications include pleural disease, pulmonary infections, pneumonitis and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, bronchogenic carcinoma, arteritis with pulmonary hypertension, obliterative bronchiolitis, bronchiectasis, and amyloidosis. Pulmonary rheumatoid nodules, including rheumatoid pneumoconiosis (Caplan's Syndrome), can result in spontaneous pneumothorax. In this article, the authors present a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax. Through investigation, a bronchopleural fistula caused by a rheumatoid nodule was revealed. The authors also discuss the potential pitfalls caused by a lung nodule in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis, including the overlap with bronchogenic carcinoma and confusion with tuberculosis.
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PMID:Case report: recurrent pneumothorax in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. 807 34

Controlled studies have demonstrated that the correction of tissue hypoxia increases survival and reduces pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) receiving oxygen therapy 15 h/day or longer. Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) is recommended to any patient with COPD who has a PaO2 of < or = 7.3 kPa. In most countries, the PaO2 threshold is 8kPa in patients with chronic hypoxemia (PaO2 > or = 55 mm Hg) with associated hematocrit > or = 55%, pulmonary hypertension or cor pulmonale. Desaturations during sleep or exercise should be investigated, although a consensus as to whether and how these episodes should be treated has yet to be reached. The indications for LTOT in restrictive lung diseases, such as interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and pneumoconiosis, remain controversial. In many countries, oxygen is not prescribed if the patient is a current smoker. Breathlessness without hypoxemia should not be considered an indication for LTOT. The oxygen is usually administered through nasal cannula. Venturi type masks, nasopharyngeal and transtracheal catheters are associated with several drawbacks. Oxygen is usually supplied by the relatively cheap oxygen concentrator. Liquid oxygen is favored when a portable source is an important requirement. Many questions remain unanswered concerning the duration of added survival, the effect of LTOT on physiological parameters such as pulmonary artery pressure, respiratory failure in non-COPD patients, exercise and nocturnal desaturations.
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PMID:Long-term oxygen therapy. 808 39


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