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Query: UMLS:C0032273 (pneumoconiosis)
 1,578 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A mortality cohort study was carried out on 7,065 coal miners with pneumoconiosis first diagnosed during the years of 1970-85. The cohort was selected from among subjects entered into the National Register of Occupational Diseases and followed up through to the end of 1991. The general male population of Poland was considered as a reference group. The PYRS-3 programme was used to identify, by means of standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), total and selected cause-specific mortality. An analysis revealed significantly elevated total mortality (SMR = 105; 95% confidence interval (CI): 100-110) in the whole cohort of coal miners. The risk of selected cause-specific mortality was significantly enhanced due to diseases of the respiratory system among which pneumoconiosis predominated (SMR = 383; 95% CI: 345-424). While mortality from all diseases of the circulatory system (SmR = 89; CI: 82-96), arterial hypertension (SMR = 63; 95% CI: 38-98), cerebrovascular diseases (SMR = 79; 95% CI: 62-99), atherosclerosis (SMR = 79; 95% CI: 66-93), and injury in poisoning (SMR = 50; 95% CI: 38-64) was significantly lower. The risk of death from malignant neoplasm of lung in the whole study population as well as in individual groups and categories of coal miners with pneumoconiosis, which varied in the risk of pneumoconiosis and the level of exposure to ionizing radiation, was not increased.
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PMID:Mortality among coal miners with pneumoconiosis in Poland. 911 87

Gallium-67 citrate (67Ga) can be considered one of the most widespread viability radiotracers. Several papers have recently been published on the use of 67Ga in different diseases, with emphasis on its value in the management of lymphoma patients. This paper critically discusses the role of gallium scintigraphy in several diseases on the basis of our personal experience and of the latest literature data, to integrate the diagnostic knowledge of radiologists, oncologists, nuclear medicine and laboratory physicians. From a clinical point of view, the best application is in neoplastic diseases, particularly lymphoma, but also in inflammatory conditions. Gallium scan sensitivity is very high (80-90%) in the staging and follow-up of Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and this method is also of great importance during the follow-up of lymphoma patients. We recommend scintigraphy to study the residual mediastinal mass after treatment. The recent experience of the National Cancer Institute (Milan) in the follow-up of 189 lymphoma patient showed the major role of gallium scan, compared with MRI, in the study of the mediastinal region after treatment. Both sensitivity and specificity were very high (90 and 96.9% vs 88.7 and 89.2% respectively). Gallium scintigraphy can also be used to study the disease-free interval, post-treatment survival, the early signs of a recurrence and also of treatment response times. The comparison of the survival curves of 33 diffuse large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients, examined at the National Cancer Institute, showed a statistically significant difference (log-rank test: p = 0.0125) between patients with positive and negative gallium scan after 4-6 cycles of chemotherapy. As for inflammatory diseases, gallium scintigraphy can play a major diagnostic role in pulmonary conditions, e.g., sarcoidosis, in AIDS-related respiratory diseases, in pneumoconiosis and in some cases of "fever of unknown origin". The contribution of this technique consists in localizing an infection focus and assessing the inflammatory disease activity, thus permitting a better therapeutic approach.
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PMID:[Scintigraphy with radiogallium in oncologic and non-oncologic diseases. State of the art and main indications]. 912 70

To explore the mechanism by which lung cancers excessively arise from pneumoconiosis, we determined the altered expression of p53 and Bcl-2 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in lung cancers, dysplasias and non-cancerous pulmonary epithelia in pneumoconiotics in comparison with those from non-pneumoconiotic patients. We examined p53 expression in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and dysplasias separately in the central and peripheral zones of bronchial trees, based on observations that SCCs from pneumoconiotic patients occurr more frequently in peripheral epithelia than those from non-pneumoconiotic patients (55 of 72 SCCs with pneumoconiosis vs. 33 of 72 SCCs without pneumoconiosis). Forty-one of 72 patients with pneumoconiosis-related lung cancers had altered p53 expression, which was comparable to the positivity of p53 expression in lung cancers without pneumoconiosis. p53 expression was observed significantly more frequently in bronchiolar dysplasias with pneumoconiosis than in those from non-pneumoconiotic patients (13 of 23 vs. 4 of 22), while p53 expression was found in bronchial dysplasias with pneumoconiosis as frequently as those without pneumoconiosis. Moreover, in patients with pneumoconiosis, bronchiolar dysplasias exhibited p53 expression more frequently than bronchial dysplasias (13 of 23 vs. 4 of 19). When comparison was restricted to bronchiolar dysplasias from patients without lung cancer, p53 expression had a strikingly higher frequency in the dysplasias with pneumoconiosis than in those from non-pneumoconiotic patients (8 of 15 vs. 0 of 14). Bcl-2 occasionally was expressed in squamous metaplasias and basal cell hyperplasias, in contrast to p53, for which immunostaining was negative in these lesions. Altogether, our results show that pre-cancerous and/or cancerous targets in pneumoconiosis may be distributed over a more peripheral zone than those in patients without pneumoconiosis.
Int J Cancer 1998 Feb 09
PMID:p53 and Bcl-2 expression in pneumoconiosis-related pre-cancerous lesions and lung cancers: frequent and preferential p53 expression in pneumoconiotic bronchiolar dysplasias. 946 48

We report the MRI features and correlative pathologic findings of a lung cancer in a patient with progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). In this case, MRI was able to distinguish the lung cancer as a high signal intensity area, and the fibrotic mass as a low signal intensity area, on both T1-weighted and T2-weighted images when compared with muscle. MRI is potentially useful in distinguishing cancer tissue from PMF in patients with pneumoconiosis.
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PMID:Diagnosis of lung cancer in a patient with pneumoconiosis and progressive massive fibrosis using MRI. 956 34

The cause-specific mortality of 233 asbestos cement workers employed by the Fibronit company in Bari and compensated for asbestosis was investigated. Cohort members were enrolled on 31.12.1979 and followed through 30.4.1997; follow-up was completed for 98.3% of study subjects, and causes of death were ascertained for 96.6% of deceased subjects. Observed mortality was contrasted to that expected according to cause-sex-age- and calendar time-specific rates of the population resident in the Apulia Region. All causes observed mortality exceeded expected value (SMR: 117, 87 observed), due to a significant' increase in pneumoconiosis (SMR: 11238, 14 observed) and malignant neoplasms (SMR: 163, 38 observed)). A significant decrease of circulatory diseases was found (SMR: 64, 18 observed). Among cancer deaths, the following sites showed a significant excess: lung (SMR: 206, 17 observed), pleura (SMR: 2551, 4 observed), mediastinum (SMR: 2367, 2 observed) and peritoneum (SMR: 2877, 2 observed). The excess mortality due to asbestosis, respiratory cancer and peritoned neoplasms can be causally attributed to occupational asbestos exposure.
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PMID:[Cause-specific mortality of asbestos-cement workers compensated for asbestosis in the city of Bari]. 962 99

Occupational exposures to mineral particles cause pneumoconiosis and other diseases, including cancer. Recent studies have suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play a key role in the mechanisms of disease initiation and progression following exposure to these particles. ROS-induced primary stimuli result in the increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and other mediators, promoting events that appear to be important in the progression of cell injury and pulmonary disease. We have provided evidence supporting the hypothesis that inhalation of insoluble particles such as asbestos, agricultural dusts, coal, crystalline silica, and inorganic dust can be involved in facilitating multiple pathways for persistent generation of ROS, which may lead to a continuum of inflammation leading to progression of disease. This article briefly summarizes some of the recent findings from our laboratories with emphasis on the molecular events by which ROS are involved in promoting pneumoconiosis and carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Reactive oxygen species: their relation to pneumoconiosis and carcinogenesis. 978 90

Mutations of suppressor gene p53 was studied in 36 cases of silica related lung cancer and 6 cases of welding fume related lung cancer with immunohistochemical and PCR-SSCP methods. Cancer tissues were embedded in paraffin and stored for 13.4 years in average. Results revealed that there was abnormal mobility shift of electrophoresis in 18 cases with 20 point mutations of 42 specimens tested, accounted for 42.9%, and 50% (10/20) of the mutations were clustered in exon 8. This finding differed from mutational spectrum of gene in non-occupational lung cancer, in which mutation frequency of exon 8 ranged from 17.5% to 23.5%. Gene mutation frequency in varied pathological categories of pneumoconiosis related lung cancer also differed from that in common lung cancer. In the latter, the highest one was in small cell lung cancer (70%) and the lowest in adenocarcinoma (33%), but in the former, the highest in adenocarcinoma (53.9%) and the lowest in small cell lung cancer (30.8%). Immunohistochemical observations also showed a very high prevalence of p53 gene mutation expression (46.9%). Sequencing, which was determined in two cases of this study, revealed that two point mutations all occurred in non-hotspot codon 144 of p53 gene. Difference in gene mutation spectrum suggests that there exist specific carcinogens and carcinogenesis in silica and welding fume related lung cancer.
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PMID:[A preliminary study on p53 gene in lung cancer tissues of workers exposed to silica and welding fumes]. 981 93

To elucidate the characteristics of lung cancer complicated by pneumoconiosis, we compared the clinical features of complicated and uncomplicated lung cancer cases. The average age at onset was higher for patients with pneumoconiosis than for those without. Because pneumoconiosis presents various respiratory symptoms, subjective symptoms were less important than objective symptoms in detecting lung cancer complicated by pneumoconiosis. Although fiberoptic bronchoscopy was the predominant diagnostic method, it could not be used with the pneumoconiosis patients. Diagnoses of lung cancer complicated by pneumoconiosis were made more after by percutaneous needle aspiration cytology. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent form of cancer in patients with pneumoconiosis, which suggests that the inhalation of carcinogens may play a role in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. With respect to the smoking index (SI), histological specimens indicated that the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma in patients with pneumoconiosis was significantly higher in heavy smokers (SI > or = 600) than in light smokers (SI < 600) or nonsmokers. It is suspected that smoking affects carcinogenesis of pneumoconiosis. No differences in the distribution of lung cancer (right-left, hilar-peripheral) distinguished the 2 groups. Many of the patients with peripheral-type lung cancer and pneumoconiosis had tumors in the lower lung lobes. These findings underline the importance of encouraging pneumoconiosis patients to avoid lung cancer by not smoking, and to have lung cancer detected in its early stages by undergoing regular medical exams.
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PMID:[Clinical study of lung cancer complicated by pneumoconiosis]. 986 76

In an epidemiologic study, the mortality patterns of commercial painters in The Netherlands were investigated. The hypothesis that painters are at an increased risk of cancer, especially lung cancer, was tested in collaboration with the Dutch Social Fund for painters. This fund manages the pensions of Dutch painters. In the group of painters eligible for pensions, 9,812 deaths were observed between 1980 and 1992. Proportionate mortality ratios were calculated. The results support previous findings of an increased risk of lung cancer in painters. Although no statement can be made about the actual causal agent, the authors believe that the sanding down of old paint layers may expose painters to particulates that contain carcinogens such as lead chromates and asbestos. The decreased risks of mortality from some neoplasms and circulatory and digestive problems, pneumoconiosis, and "other causes" observed in the painters lack a plausible explanation. Chance or the known limitation of proportionate mortality ratio analysis might play a role.
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PMID:Mortality Patterns among Commercial Painters in The Netherlands. 999 Jan 68

This investigation studies cause-specific mortality of art glass workers employed in 17 industrial facilities in Tuscany, Italy. A cohort of 3,390 workers employed for at least 1 year was enumerated from company payrolls. Follow-up was between the start of employment in each factory and 31 December 1993. The cause-specific expected mortality was computed relative to Tuscany rates and specified for gender, 5-year age groups and calendar year. Separate analyses were carried out for the jobs of makers and formers and for batch mixers. Among males (3, 180 individuals) observed mortality for non-cancer causes was higher than expected for hypertensive disease [standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 178, 90% confidence interval (90% CI) = 96-301], pneumoconiosis (SMR = 200, 90% CI = 94-376) and diseases of the genitourinary system (SMR = 169, 90% CI = 95-279). Increases for the above causes were shown also among makers and formers: hypertensive disease (SMR = 182, 90% CI = 85-341), pneumoconiosis (SMR = 250, 90% CI = 109-493) and diseases of the genitourinary system (SMR = 224, 90% CI = 121-380). For batch mixers an increase was present for cerebrovascular disease. The observed mortality for cancer causes was above the expected for cancers of the larynx, lung, stomach and brain. This study points to the existence for Tuscan glass workers of health effects in addition to cancer; previously observed carcinogenic effects were also confirmed.
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PMID:Cohort study of art glass workers in Tuscany, Italy: mortality from non-malignant diseases. 1002 42


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