Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0031511 (pheochromocytoma)
 14,622 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to estimate end effects of chronic prolonged gammairradiation of dogs, an exposure of 80 animals to irradiation was terminated and they were followed up closely. Out of 80 animals 30 dogs (1st series) were irradiated for 3 years and 50 dogs (II series) for 6 years. The dogs were exposed to irradiation at doses of 21 to 190 rad per year. Out of the total number of animals 22 dogs died. Post-mortem examinations showed neoformations in 13 animals (7 malignant and 12 benign neoformations). The highest number of tumors developed in dogs of the II series (10 out of 11) one-two years after irradiation (6 malignant tumors--malignant pheochromocytoma of adrenals; malignant adenoma of the hypophysis: polymorphocellular sarcoma of the liver; leucomyosarcoma of the uterus; bladder cancer; breast cancer; and 10 benign tumors--pancreatic adenoma; liver angioma; 2 papillary adenomas of the prostate; 3 renal adenomas; lipoma; polyps of the gall-bladder). Animals of the 1st series displayed 3 neoformations (1 malignant tumor--bladder tumor and 2 benign tumorsliver hepatoma and spleen angioma) 4--5 years after irradiation.
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PMID:[Formation of neoplasms in dogs after chronic gamma irradiation at a low-intensity dose]. 64 24

A phase I trial of piritrexim was conducted by use of a prolonged, low-dose oral schedule. A number of different regimens were tested, including daily dosing for 21 days followed by 7 days of no drug therapy; continuous dosing; and daily dosing for 5 of 7 days for 3 consecutive weeks followed by a week of rest. Dose escalation was accomplished by increasing the dosing frequency from once a day to twice a day and then to three times a day and by increasing the number of days of administration. Fifty-one patients with advanced cancer were entered in the study. One hundred twenty-four (96%) of 129 courses were considered assessable. Myelosuppression proved to be the dose-limiting toxic effect. Other toxic effects included stomatitis, nausea and vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, skin rash, fatigue, and elevation of liver transaminase levels. Antitumor activity was observed in patients with melanoma and bladder cancer, and disease stabilization occurred in those with sarcoma and pheochromocytoma. The recommended dosing schedule for phase II clinical trials is 25 mg three times a day for 5 days for 3 consecutive weeks followed by 1 week of no drug therapy.
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PMID:Phase I trial of piritrexim capsules using prolonged, low-dose oral administration for the treatment of advanced malignancies. 198 18

We have shown previously that the transcription of the gene designated d5 is induced by nerve growth factor (NGF) in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells and that this NGF induction is repressed by cAMP. In this paper we demonstrate that d5 is a member of a gene family that contains several hundred members, which is closely related to retroviruses and retrotransposons, as demonstrated by the following observations: (i) the original d5 cDNA hybridized to numerous restriction fragments in genomic DNA; (ii) d5 cDNA hybridized to genomic clones with various intensities, and genomic clones can be isolated with a frequency suggesting that this family includes several hundred members; and (iii) there were minor sequence variations in four independently isolated cDNA clones that were homologous to d5 cDNA. Primer extension studies show that initiation of the 5.7-kilobase d5 mRNA(s) occurs at a unique site relative to a synthetic primer. The 5' end of the cDNA sequence was homologous to Rasheed rat sarcoma virus; and a genomic clone contained several elements that are typical of a long terminal repeat (LTR), including a CCAAT box, a TATA box, a primer binding site, a poly(A) addition signal, and a poly(A) addition site. Furthermore, there is a LTR at the 3' end of at least one of the genes in this family, and there appeared to be a four-base duplication at the probable site of integration into host DNA. Since several members of this family retain responses to NGF and cAMP, we conclude that the regulatory elements present in the LTR have been conserved in many members of this family. We have named this family of genes the NICER elements because they are a family of NGF-inducible cAMP-extinguishable retrovirus-like elements.
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PMID:NICER elements: a family of nerve growth factor-inducible cAMP-extinguishable retrovirus-like elements. 216 77

The PC12 pheochromocytoma cell line has been a favorite model system for cell and neurobiologists, but has proven relatively refractory to standard DNA transfection methods. We have found that the cationic lipid "lipofectin" provides a simple, gentle, and nontoxic procedure that vastly improves transfection efficiencies in PC12 cells. Transient expression of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) driven by a Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat (LTR) is much more efficient using lipofectin when compared with calcium phosphate as a transfection procedure. Additionally, transient transfection of nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated PC12 cells proceeds with equal efficiency relative to naive, uninduced cells. Using the lipofectin procedure, the frequency of stable transfection is 100-fold higher than that reported with standard calcium phosphate precipitation protocols. To examine the effectiveness of different promoters for efficient expression of heterologous DNA in PC12 cells, three different promoter-bearing constructs were utilized. Each construct contains a different promoter sequence upstream from a chicken calsequestrin cDNA. A human cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate early promoter construct produced the highest level of expression, followed by a human beta-actin promoter construct. Expression from a mouse Moloney sarcoma virus LTR construct could not be detected. These results overcome the previous transfection problems of low efficiency and low viability that have plagued many PC12 cell investigations.
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PMID:Efficient transfection and expression of heterologous genes in PC12 cells. 218 80

From June 1984 to September 1989, 43 patients with large vena caval tumor thrombi from retroperitoneal malignancies underwent surgical treatment with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). The primary malignancies were renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (n = 39), renal pelvic transitional cell carcinoma (n = 1), adrenal pheochromocytoma (n = 1), and renal (n = 1) or retroperitoneal (n = 1) sarcoma. The level of the caval thrombus was either suprahepatic (n = 27), intrahepatic (n = 14), or subhepatic (n = 2). In all cases the primary tumor and caval thrombus were completely removed. Concomitant procedures included coronary artery bypass grafting (n = 5), pulmonary resection (n = 2), and hepatic lobectomy (n = 1). The time of circulatory arrest ranged from 10 to 44 minutes (mean, 23.5 minutes). There were two operative deaths (4.7%), neither of them due to to the use of DHCA. Major postoperative complications occurred in 13 patients (30.2%). There were no ischemic or neurologic complications and no cases of perioperative tumor embolization. The median postoperative hospital stay was 9 days. Twenty-two patients (51%) are alive and enjoying a good quality of life. The 3-year patient survival rates in patients with localized (n = 24) versus metastatic (n = 15) RCC are 63.9% and 10.9%, respectively (p = 0.02). We conclude that CPB with DHCA facilities excision of retroperitoneal malignancies with large caval thrombi and provides the potential for cure with low morbidity and mortality rates.
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PMID:Experience with cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in the management of retroperitoneal tumors with large vena caval thrombi. 222 13

In this study, a clinical evaluation was carried out for all patients who were at or beyond 20 years of age and known to the health services as cases of neurofibromatosis (NF) and who were resident in Gothenburg, Sweden, as of January 1, 1978. The approach of the study was clinical, with emphasis on the general somatic, psychiatric and genetic aspects of NF. The patients included in the study were ascertained by scrutiny of all available archives of medical records in the area, and by requests to every doctor in the city of Gothenburg to report any possible case of NF known to him or her. This search identified 74 patients with NF living in Gothenburg on the census day. All but 3 of these patients had definite von Recklinghausen NF (NF-1). This represents a prevalence of 1 case of NF in 4,600 adults, which must be considered a minimum frequency estimate. The 74 patients included 35 women with a mean age of 46 (+/- 17) years and 39 men with a mean age of 43 (+/- 14) years. The prevalence of NF was highest in the age range of 40-50 years, while it was significantly reduced in the ages above this range, most probably owing to an excess mortality. Sixty-nine of the original seventy-four patients were personally interviewed and examined, including the 3 without definite NF-1. The patients were classified according to the degree of severity of NF into three categories: mild, moderate and severe. The number of patients in each groups was, respectively, 18, 43 and 13. A detailed description of each patient's pigmentary abnormalities and neurofibromas (number, appearance and localization) was recorded. Findings of osseous dysplastic changes (12-16%), endocrine changes (pheochromocytoma, 3%), malignant disease (sarcoma, 4%), epilepsy (3%) and other somatic diseases were also recorded. Mild mental retardation was present in 45% of the patients. The mental retardation did not appear progressive, and severe retardation was not found. Mental illness occurred in 23 (33%) patients, defined as mild in 8, moderate in 7 and severe in 8. No uniform psychiatric syndrome was found. Depressive syndrome, anxiety state with vegetative dysfunction and organic brain syndrome were most frequently observed. Hostile feelings and autonomic disturbances were the most common symptoms, each found in 50% of all patients. The frequency of abnormal neurological findings, presumably indicating manifestations of NF-1 in the central nervous system, was significantly increased among the patients with mental illness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Neurofibromatosis in Gothenburg, Sweden. I. Background, study design and epidemiology. 251 25

Clinically significant adrenal hemorrhage due to adrenal metastases has rarely been reported. We describe three cases of this unusual entity, two from lung carcinoma and one from sarcoma. Adrenal hemorrhage was bilateral in two patients, and was the presenting manifestation of malignancy in two. A computed tomography diagnosis of hemorrhage within bilateral adrenal metastases was made when adrenal masses rapidly enlarged in one case, and when previously resolving hematomas showed enlargement in a second case. The third case was believed to represent a pheochromocytoma preoperatively. We conclude that significant adrenal hemorrhage can result from adrenal metastases and can be the presenting manifestation of metastatic tumor. In the patient without discernible risk factors for adrenal hemorrhage, underlying malignancy should be considered as a possible cause, even if the hemorrhage is bilateral.
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PMID:Clinically significant adrenal hemorrhage secondary to metastases. Computed tomography observations. 281 83

Besides the juxtaglomerular cell tumors, tumors may be responsible for a primary hyperreninism syndrome. Strict criteria allow to assert that the tumor cells themselves are involved in ectopic renin secretion. They are as follows:--measurement of the renin in the blood and in tumoral tissue extracts with assessment of active anf inactive renin,--absence of any other cause of hyperreninism,--regression of the hyperreninism when the tumor is removed, and possibly recurrence when metastases appear,--demonstration of renin antigen in tumor cells by immuno-histochemistry and more recently detection of renin messenger RNA using in situ hybridization with human renin probe. About 40 cases of these tumors have been described. They are mainly renal tumors: nephroblastomas (29 cases), adenocarcinomas (7 cases) and other rare tumors. Among extrarenal tumors, it has been observed epithelial tumors (broncho-pulmonary cancers, ovarian, fallopian and pituitary tumors), soft tissue tumors (alveolar sarcomas. epithelioid sarcoma, hemangiopericytoma, leiomyosarcoma). It has not been demonstrated that tumor cells from pheochromocytoma could be themselves involved in renin production.
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PMID:[Tumor syndromes with inappropriate renin secretion. Diagnostic criteria and review of published cases]. 284 Sep 23

An adrenal composite tumor of pheochromocytoma and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (PNST) is described in a 39-year-old woman in whom PNST component appeared to have undergone further malignant degeneration, resulting in a highly anaplastic sarcoma with rapidly progressive clinical course.
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PMID:Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and pheochromocytoma. A composite tumor of the adrenal. 289 7

A 38-year-old woman was operated on to remove a large tumor that replaced the left adrenal gland. The tumor was encapsulated and showed small areas typical of pheochromocytoma, and spindle cell or undifferentiated round cell sarcoma in most areas. Metastases of primitive round cell appearance were operated from the abdominal cavity and abdominal wall shortly after the initial surgery. Eighteen months after the first operation, the patient was alive with metastases in liver and retroperitoneal space. The pheochromocytomalike component showed a typical ultrastructural and immunohistochemical profile of pheochromocytoma and was positive for neurofilaments, synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase, and S-100 protein in the sustentacular cells. The sarcomatous areas showed fibroblastoid spindle cells that were often surrounded by a basal lamina. Immunohistochemistry revealed S-100 protein positivity in many spindle cells, but markers of pheochromocytoma or epithelial differentiation were absent. The metastases lacked all markers except for vimentin, and the cells were undifferentiated by electron microscopy. These findings suggest that the neoplasm was a compound tumor with a typical pheochromocytoma component and a sarcoma resembling a malignant schwannoma. Neoplastic proliferation of the S-100 protein-positive Schwann-cell-like sustentacular cells of the pheochromocytoma would be an explanation for the genesis of this sarcoma associated with pheochromocytoma.
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PMID:Pheochromocytoma combined with malignant schwannoma: unusual neoplasm of the adrenal medulla. 319 94


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