Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0031350 (pharyngitis)
 2,405 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two adult patients with pericarditis caused by beta-lactamase producing Haemophilus influenzae are reported and their management reviewed. Both had pharyngitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia, empyema, or septicemia and were cured with antimicrobics and pericardial drainage (one by catheter and one by surgery). Eleven previously reported cases of pericarditis caused by Haemophilus influenzae are also reviewed. In reviewing this rare cause of bacteria pericarditis, it is important to recognize the antibiotic resistance profile, the incidence of pericardial tamponade, and the use of surgical drainage. Antibiotic selection for this organism is also discussed, as well as the importance of biotyping.
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PMID:Pericarditis caused by beta-lactamase-producing Haemophilus influenzae: report of two cases in adults and review of the literature. 1522 59

Data are presented on antimicrobial resistance among isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptoco-ccus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis collected in Japan during years 1-3 (1999-2002) of the Prospective Resistant Organism Tracking and Epidemiology for the Ketolide Telithromycin (PROTEKT) surveillance study. In addition to the standard panel of PROTEKT antimicrobial agents, eight other agents often used in Japan also were tested against these isolates. The majority (30%-55%) of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae isolates were collected from patients with community-acquired pneumonia, whereas most (>70%) S. pyogenes isolates came from patients with tonsillitis/pharyngitis. Penicillin and macrolide resistance were high among isolates of S. pneumoniae, averaging 30.9%-44.5% and 77.2%-79.9%, respectively, across all centers over the 3 study years; the highest occurrences were reported among pediatric patients aged 0-2 years. The erm(B) genotype accounted for >50% of all erythromycin-resistant isolates each study year. S. pyogenes isolates were highly susceptible to most antimicrobial agents except the macrolides and tetracycline. beta-Lactamase production among H. influenzae isolates range was 8.5%-9.7% per annum. A total of 9 beta-lactamase-negative, ampicillin-resistant isolates were collected during the study. Almost all (>95%) M. catarrhalis isolates were beta-lactamase positive each year. Telithromycin was highly active against all pathogens examined in this study during all 3 years.
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PMID:Antimicrobial susceptibility of respiratory tract pathogens in Japan during PROTEKT years 1-3 (1999-2002). 1650 84

Cefdinir is an oral third-generation cephalosporin (also known as an advanced-spectrum or generation cephem) with good in vitro activity against the pathogens responsible for community-acquired respiratory tract infections and uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections. The drug distributes very well in respiratory tract tissues and fluids, as well as skin blisters and ear fluids; its pharmacokinetic profile allows once- or twice-daily administration. Oral cefdinir 300 mg twice daily or 600 mg once daily in adults and adolescents, or 14 mg/kg/day in one or two daily doses in pediatric patients, administered for 5 or 10 days, has shown good clinical and bacteriological efficacy, at least equivalent to that of other oral agents in randomized controlled trials conducted in patients with community-acquired pneumonia, acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, sinusitis, acute otitis media, pharyngitis and uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections. Cefdinir is well tolerated and the oral suspension has shown superior taste or palatability over other comparator oral antimicrobial agents. Thus, cefdinir continues to represent an important cephalosporin option for the treatment of adult, adolescent and pediatric patients with mild or moderate respiratory tract or cutaneous infections, especially in areas with elevated rates of beta-lactamase production in Haemophilus influenzae and where resistance to other commonly used agents has emerged (e.g., macrolides, penicillins, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole).
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PMID:Cefdinir: an oral cephalosporin for the treatment of respiratory tract infections and skin and skin structure infections. 1726 51

Tonsillopharyngitis is very common in children, with Group A Streptococci being the most common bacterial etiology. Effective antibacterial treatment is imperative due to risk of rheumatic fever. Cephalosporins have been used successfully for the treatment of Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcal (GABHS) tonsillopharyngitis. Cefprozil is a novel broad-spectrum oral cephalosporin. Cefprozil is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract with high bioavailability. The excellent penetration of cefprozil into tonsillar and adenoidal tissue corresponds well with the clinical outcome. The drug provides excellent coverage against both gram-negative and -positive bacteria that may cause pharyngitis/tonsillitis. The beta-lactamase stability of cefprozil appears to exceed that of other oral cephalosporins for important gram negative pathogens. In clinical trials, cefprozil appears to be at least as effective as commonly used comparison agents such as cefaclor and cefixime. Additionally, cefprozil is better tolerated than the latter, especially with regard to gastrointestinal adverse effects. Thus cefprozil can be considered a safe and reliable drug for the treatment of Streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis in children.
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PMID:Redefining the management of pediatric tonsillopharyngitis with cefprozil. 1817 46

Cefpodoxime proxetil, a relatively new broad-spectrum third-generaation cephalosporin, has very good in vitro activity against Enterobacteriaceae, Hemophilus spp. and Moraxella spp., including beta-lactamase producers and many strains resistant to other oral agents. It also has activity against Gram-positive bacteria, especially against streptococci. Cefpodoxime has no activity against enterococci. It is well tolerated and is one of the first third-generation cephalosporins to be available in oral form. While the compound has been used most widely in the treatment of respiratory and urinary tract infections, its utility has also been demonstrated in the treatment of skin structure infections, acute otitis media, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and sexually transmitted diseases.
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PMID:Cefpodoxime proxetil: a comprehensive review. 1861 88

The problem of pharyngeal infections caused by beta-hemolytic streptococci of group A (BHSA) remains a challenge for both health providers and general medicine. The present paper was designed to provide the data suggesting the "reappearance" of a highly virulent BHSA infection and a rise in the frequency of its complications (such as acute rheumatic fever and toxic shock syndrome) and to substantiate the necessity of rational antibacterial therapy for the management of this pathology. The agents of choice for the treatment of acute forms of BHSA (tonsillitis and pharyngitis) include penicillins (amoxicillin, benzathine-penicillin, phenoxymethyl penicillin) and cephalosporins of the first generation (cephadroxyl) as well as macrolids (spiramycin, azithromycin, roxithromycin, midecamycin, josamycin) for the patients who do not tolerate beta-lactam antibiotics. Inhibitor-protected penicillins (amoxicillin, clavulanate) or cephalosporins of the second generations (cefuroxime-axetil) should be prescribed to the patients presenting with chronic recurring BHSA characterized by the rather high probability of colonization of the site of infection by beta-lactamase producing microorganisms. Lincosamine-derived antibiotics, such as lincomycin and clindamycin, are reserved for the patients with acute and chronic BHSA (tonsillitis and pharyngitis).
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PMID:[Pharyngeal A-streptococcal infection encountered in the practical work of an internal medicine specialist]. 2388 73


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