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Query: UMLS:C0031350 (pharyngitis)
 2,405 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 1985, at a WHO workshop on AIDS in Bangui, Central African Republic, a clinical case definition of AIDS was developed for developing countries. This 1st definition contained 4 major criteria (chronic asthenia, major weight loss, chronic fever, and chronic diarrhea) and 6 minor criteria (chronic cough, persistent lymphadenopathy, herpes zoster, recurrent herpetic infection, pruritic dermatitis, and oropharyngeal candidiasis). Kaposi's sarcoma and cryptococcal meningitis were sufficient by themselves for the diagnosis of AIDS. In children, the temporary definition of AIDS consisted of 3 major clinical criteria (weight loss and/or abnormally slow growth, chronic diarrhea lasting more than 1 month, and fever lasting more than 1 month), and 6 secondary clinical criteria (generalized lymphadenopathy, oropharyngeal candidiasis, repeated common infections such as otitis and pharyngitis, persistent cough, generalized pruritic dermatitis, and confirmed maternal HIV infection). The revised Bangui definition was evaluated in 174 adult patients hospitalized at the Mama Yemo Hospital of Kinshasa, Zaire. 46% of 174 patients met the criteria of the WHO/Bangui definition. Overall, the sensitivity of the definition for HIV-1 infection was 59%, the specificity was 90%, and the positive predictive value (PPV) was 74%. However, the clinical case definition of African AIDS lacks specificity when it is applied to patients suffering from cachectic syndromes. The Bangui definition was also evaluated at the pediatric ward of Mama Yemo Hospital with 159 hospitalized children whose mean age was 33 months. 21 (13%) were infected by HIV-1. The sensitivity of the definition was 35%, its specificity was 86%, and its PPV was 26%. Although the specificity was relatively high, the low values of sensitivity and PPV underline the weakness of the Bangui clinical case definition for diagnosing pediatric AIDS cases.
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PMID:World Health Organization clinical case definition for AIDS in Africa: an analysis of evaluations. 133 10

A newly recognized chlamydial species, Chlamydia pneumoniae causes acute respiratory infections including pneumonia, bronchitis and pharyngitis. In this paper, eight cases of bronchitis and tonsillitis associated with C. pneumoniae are presented. Three cases came to the clinic because of persistent cough and productive sputum. C. pneumoniae was isolated from sputum of a patient and cultured in HeLa 229 cells. Other two patients were diagnosed serologically; Antibodies were measured by microimmunofluorescence using formalized elementary bodies of C. pneumoniae. A titer of 512 in the IgG class was detected. Four patients had sore throat. C. pneumoniae was isolated and cultured from tonsillar swabs in all of them. A patient with sore throat and cough diagnosed as pharyngolaryngitis was sero-positive. Antibodies to C. pneumoniae in IgG and IgM class were 128 and 32, respectively. All the patients were treated with macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin and rokitamycin), and clinical symptoms subsided. In five patients from whom the organism was isolated, the agents were eradicated by the treatment. However, clinical courses of those patients revealed that patient takes a long time to recover from the illness, if diagnosis and first choice of antimicrobial agent are not appropriate.
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PMID:[Respiratory tract diseases due to Chlamydia pneumoniae]. 204 Sep 12

Chronic Cough: Chronic persistent cough (CPC) lasting from several months to years - without radiographic or spirometric evidence of its cause - was a surprisingly frequent reason (5,7% of all new referrals) to consult our practice. Sophisticated diagnostic evaluation and therapeutic regimen are necessary. We performed a prospective study on 329 consecutive patients (106 male, 223 female) over a two-year period. 65% of the patients had cough as a consequence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness; 27% due to upper airways disease, i.e. often very common rhinitis or pharyngitis; 14% chronic bronchitis; 5% gastrooesophageal reflux (GER); 3% drug induced cough; 4% other causes. 10% of the patients discontinued the diagnostic evaluation prematurely. In 14% the cause for CPC remained unclear and no relief could be achieved. Furthermore, there is a need for consecutive studies to address the following questions: 1. The cause of the striking difference in gender (male : female = 1 : 2) remains unclear. 2. Wether a cough recorder - as occasionally reported in the literature - is needed for an objective evaluation of cough [9]. 3. A standardised methodology of 24 h pH monitoring for the diagnosis of CPC as a consequence of GER has yet to be established.
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PMID:[Chronic persistent cough in general practice: diagnosis and therapy in 329 patients over the course of 2 years]. 876 75