Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0031350 (pharyngitis)
 2,405 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Grisel's syndrome, defined as subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint, not associated with trauma or bone disease, is found primarily in children. There are few references to this syndrome in the ENT literature but it may occur in association with any condition that results in hyperaemia and pathological relaxation of the transverse ligament of the atlanto-axial joint. Several common otolaryngeal conditions have been associated with the syndrome: pharyngitis, adenotonsillitis, tonsillar abscess, cervical abscess, and otitis media. Moreover, the syndrome has been observed after numerous otolaryngologic procedures such as tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy and mastoidectomy. Non-traumatic subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint should be suspected in cases of persistent neck pain and stiffness. X-rays and computed tomography scans of the cervical spine can confirm the diagnosis. Early management, consisting of cervical immobilization and medical treatment, is considered the key factor for a satisfactory outcome. Inappropriate treatment may result in a permanent and painful neck deformity that may even require surgical fusion. Neurological complications have been reported in the literature, with outcome ranging from mild paresthesia, clonus, to quadriplegia or acute respiratory failure and death. The case is described of an 8-year-old boy who developed Grisel's syndrome following adenoidectomy. The pathogenesis, classification, diagnosis, and treatment of this condition are discussed.
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PMID:Grisel's syndrome: a rare complication following adenoidectomy. 1648 83

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is effective in refractory epilepsy and depression and is being investigated in heart failure, headache, gastric motility disorders and asthma. The first VNS device required surgical implantation of electrodes and a stimulator. Adverse events (AEs) are generally associated with implantation or continuous on-off stimulation. Infection is the most serious implantation-associated AE. Bradycardia and asystole have also been described during implantation, as has vocal cord paresis, which can last up to 6 months and depends on surgical skill and experience. The most frequent stimulation-associated AEs include voice alteration, paresthesia, cough, headache, dyspnea, pharyngitis and pain, which may require a decrease in stimulation strength or intermittent or permanent device deactivation. Newer non-invasive VNS delivery systems do not require surgery and permit patient-administered stimulation on demand. These non-invasive VNS systems improve the safety and tolerability of VNS, making it more accessible and facilitating further investigations across a wider range of uses.
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PMID:Surgically implanted and non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation: a review of efficacy, safety and tolerability. 2561 79