Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0031350 (pharyngitis)
 2,405 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a recently recognized acute multisystem illness that may recur. Epidemiologic links with menstruation and use of tampons have been identified. We report the cases of seven patients (six women and one man), 12 to 31 years old, seen over nine months, who met the criteria for TSS. Four were menstruating at onset. All had hypotension, fever, erythematous rash and distal desquamation. A prodrome of myalgias and diarrhea occurred in all patients. Clinical features of the acute illness included pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, leukocytosis and renal dysfunction (7), hepatobiliary abnormalities (6), mental confusion (6) and coagulopathy (4). In three patients, examination of cerebrospinal fluid showed abnormalities. The illness progressed in three patients to adult respiratory distress syndrome and significant cardiac dysfunction. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from mucosal sites in six. The disease recurred in two. There were no deaths. Possible transmissibility was illustrated by two patients, a married couple, with simultaneous illnesses. Pathophysiologic features of TSS suggest a toxicogenic cause. Management consists of early recognition, vigorous fluid resuscitation, inotropic support as needed, discontinuation of tampon use and treatment with antistaphylococcal antimicrobic drugs.
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PMID:The clinical spectrum of toxic shock syndrome. 734 Jan 15

Ceftibuten suspension was administered to 1312 pediatric patients in clinical trials at a dosage of 9 mg/kg once daily, with a maximal daily dose of 400 mg. Adverse experiences were collected by voluntary reports by physicians from direct observations, parental and/or patient complaints in 1152 patients. In 160 patients gastrointestinal adverse experiences were elicited at each visit in addition to voluntary reports. Patients had a mean age of 4.9 years, the male: female ratio was 1:1 and 72% were white. Fifty-five percent (719 of 1312) of patients were treated in otitis media studies, 33% (438 of 1312) were treated in a pharyngitis study and 12% (155 of 1312) were treated in other studies. Adverse experiences occurred in 10% (138 of 1312) of all patients receiving ceftibuten suspension. The most common voluntarily reported treatment-related adverse events were diarrhea 3% (34 of 1152) and vomiting 2% (22 of 1152). For elicited adverse events related to treatment, the most common were also diarrhea 9% (14 of 160) and vomiting 3% (5 of 160). There were no deaths and only 0.9% (12 of 1312) patients discontinued treatment because of adverse events. Abnormal laboratory values related to therapy were uncommon and no patient discontinued treatment because of abnormal laboratory values. No cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, serum sickness-like reactions or pseudomembranous colitis have been observed with ceftibuten suspension in research studies to date.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Worldwide safety experience with ceftibuten pediatric suspension. 756 13

The hyper-IgD syndrome is a rare entity characterized by early onset of attacks of periodic fever. All patients have an elevated serum IgD (> 100 U/ml). Symptoms during attacks include joint involvements (arthralgias/arthritis), abdominal complaints (vomiting, pain, diarrhoea), skin lesions, swollen lymph nodes, and headache. In 1992 an International hyper-IgD study group was established, and to date the diagnosis has been made in 60, mainly European patients; 14 come from France. The disorder occurs in families and is transmitted by autosomal recessive inheritance. Linkage studies indicate that the gene encoding for familial Mediterranean fever is different from the gene for the hyper-IgD syndrome. In children the hyper-IgD syndrome should be distinguished from two other periodic febrile disorders. CINCA (chronic inflammatory, neurological, cutaneous and articular syndrome) and FAPA (periodic fever, adenopathies, pharyngitis, and aphtous stomatitis) share some symptoms with the hyper-IgD syndrome but in these syndromes serum IgD is normal. The pathogenesis remains to be elucidated but during attacks all patients have an acute-phase response with elevated C-reactive protein concentrations. During the febrile episodes, the inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 TNF alpha, IFN gamma are increased together with natural occurring inhibitors such as IL-1ra and sTNFr. There is no therapy for the syndrome and patients will experience attacks during their entire life although frequency and severity tend to diminish with age.
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PMID:[Hyperimmunoglobulin D syndrome]. 756 50

Cefprozil is an orally active cephalosporin which has demonstrated activity against a wide range of organisms in vitro. It is particularly active against the Gram-positive organisms Streptococcus pyogenes, pneumoniae and agalactiae and against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. Strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus are not susceptible to cefprozil. Cefprozil is also moderately active against Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, many Enterobacteriaceae and certain anaerobic organisms, and is relatively stable to hydrolysis by a number of beta-lactamases. In comparative trials, the clinical and bacteriological efficacy of cefprozil 500mg or 20 mg/kg administered once or twice daily has been comparable with multiple daily dosage regimens of erythromycin in patients with tonsillitis or pharyngitis, with cefaclor and amoxicillin/clavulanate in lower respiratory tract infections, with amoxicillin/clavulanate and erythromycin in skin and skin-structure infections and with cefaclor in acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections. The clinical efficacy of cefprozil is similar to that of cefaclor in patients with tonsillitis or pharyngitis but the bacteriological efficacy of cefprozil is significantly greater than that of cefaclor. Cefprozil is clinically more effective than cefuroxime axetil in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections and demonstrated greater efficacy than cefaclor in one of 2 comparative studies when administered twice daily in patients with skin and skin-structure infections. In children with acute otitis media, cefprozil 15 mg/kg twice daily was as effective as cefaclor or amoxicillin/clavulanate 13.3 mg/kg 3 times daily and was as effective as cefixime 8 mg/kg once daily. The most frequently reported adverse effects associated with cefprozil, diarrhoea and nausea, are usually mild to moderate in severity and discontinuation of treatment is rarely necessary. Thus, cefprozil with its convenient administration regimen appears to be a suitable alternative to cefaclor, cefixime, amoxicillin/clavulanate or erythromycin for the treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infections, skin and skin-structure infections, and otitis media in children. While cefprozil has shown similar efficacy to cefaclor in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections, well-controlled clinical trials comparing its efficacy with that of cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole) in this indication are required.
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PMID:Cefprozil. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential. 768 76

Clinical studies on SY5555 dry syrup, a new oral penem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The following results were obtained. 1. SY5555 was administered to 10 children with various bacterial infections (2 patients with acute tonsillitis, 2 with acute bronchitis, 1 with pharyngitis, 2 with scarlet fever, 1 with pertussis and 2 with urinary tract infections). The overall clinical efficacy rate was 90%. 2. Side effects or abnormal laboratory test values were not observed except for loose stool in 1 and eosinophilia in 1.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on SY5555 in the field of pediatrics]. 769 35

Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on SY5555 were performed in children. The results were as follows: 1. A total of 15 patients considered to have bacterial infections were treated with SY5555. Each dose, 5 mg/kg, was orally administered 3 times daily, for 4-11 days. Clinical efficacies of SY5555 in 13 patients with bacterial infections (1 with pneumonia, 2 with bronchitis, each 1 with maxillary sinusitis, 2 with otitis media, 5 with pharyngitis, 1 each with gastroenteritis and pyelonephritis) were evaluated as excellent in 10 patients and as good in 3 patients with an efficacy rate of 100%. Two patients with viral infection and malignant lymphoma were not evaluated. Thirteen causative strains in 7 species were found in 10 patients. Streptococcus pneumoniae in 1/3, Haemophilus influenzae in 2/2, Streptococcus pyogenes 4/4, Salmonella spp. in 1/1, Escherichia coli in 1/1 were eradicated. Only one patient developed mild diarrhea as an adverse reaction. Another patient showed elevated GPT (glutamate pyruvate transaminase). The abnormality was mild and the patient recovered after the cessation of SY5555 administration without specific treatment. 2. MICs of SY5555 were examined against 33 clinical isolates. SY5555 has low MICs against Enterococcus faecalis and other Gram-positive cocci. 3. Pharmacokinetic studies Peak plasma concentrations of SY5555 was 1.15 micrograms/ml at a dose level of 4.9 mg/kg orally administered at fasting. Based on the above results and the broad spectrum of the anti-bacterial activities, SY5555 appears to be a promising antibiotics that is usable as a single agent for the primary therapy of respiratory tract infections, skin soft tissue infections and urinary tract infections in children.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological, and clinical studies on SY5555 in children]. 769 43

Clinical studies were carried out on SY5555, a new oral penem, in the field of pediatrics. The results obtained are summarized below. The clinical efficacies were examined in a total 31 patients consisting of 4 patients with pharyngitis, 10 with purulent tonsillitis, 4 with scarlet fever, 7 with impetigo, one with balanitis, one with cellulitis and 4 with UTI. The clinical efficacy rate was 96.8% (30/31). Bacteriological efficacies of SY5555 were examined on identified pathogens including 7 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 6 of Streptococcus pyogenes, 3 of Enterococcus faecalis, 3 of Haemophilus influenzae, one of Escherichia coli and one of Citrobacter freundii. The bacteriological eradication rate was 81.0%. As for side effects, loose stool in one patient was noted. Abnormal laboratory findings test results included eosinophilia in 2 patients, eosinophilia and elevation of serum transaminase in one patient, and thrombocytosis in another.
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PMID:[Bacteriological and clinical studies of SY5555 in pediatric field]. 774 8

A clinical study was performed on SY5555, a newly developed penem antibiotic, in children. SY5555 was given orally to 14 patients at 19-29 mg/kg/day in 3 doses for 4 to 12 days. Clinical evaluations were made on the 14 patients including 4 with pharyngitis, 7 with tonsillitis, one with urinary tract infection, and 2 with impetigo. Overall clinical effects were excellent in 2, good in 12, with an efficacy rate of 100%. Causative organisms (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) were all eradicated. As to adverse reactions, mild diarrhea was observed in 4 patients. These data suggest that SY5555 is a useful oral antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of a new oral penem, SY5555, in infants and children]. 774 9

Hemolytic uremic syndrome/thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is known to occur as a secondary complication of primary renal diseases, specifically of lupus nephritis, membranous glomerulonephritis, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. In a patient without a family history of hemolytic uremic syndrome/thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura we observed biopsy-confirmed postinfectious glomerulonephritis with humps, with simultaneous subendothelial hyaline deposits and fibrinoid thrombi in arterioles. The patient had a history of febrile pharyngitis with diarrhea 10 days prior to renal biopsy. He presented with transient elevation of serum creatinine, a nephritic sediment, and hypertension not exceeding 160/100 mm Hg. The patient also had purpura, transient thrombocytopenia, and signs of intravascular hemolysis. Results of verocytotoxin serology were negative. With the exception of isolated microhematuria, all findings reverted to normal within 8 weeks without any specific treatment. This case illustrates that hemolytic uremic syndrome/thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura may complicate primary postinfectious glomerulonephritis in adults.
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PMID:Hemolytic uremic syndrome complicating postinfectious glomerulonephritis in the adult. 784 62

We reviewed the thirty cases of cytomegalovirus infections with occurred in previously healthy patients, hospitalised for fever from 1981 to 1992. Pregnant women, transplant recipients, HIV infected persons and all immunocompromised subjects were excluded. We observed 34 cases (18 women, 16 men) whose mean age was 34 years (17 to 79). Fever appeared progressively (73%), persisted more than 15 days (87%) and was well tolerated. The main functional symptoms were headaches, myalgia (53%), profuse sweat (50%), abdominal pain, diarrhea, recent loss of weight, dry cough (51%). Splenomegaly was present in 24% of the cases. Chest X ray was always normal. Differential blood count was always inverse and an authentic mononucleosis syndrome was present in 91%: it appeared mainly 13 days after onset of symptoms. Hepatic abnormalities were nearly constant, especially cytolytic (97%) (transaminases three or four times upper the normal limit) but also cholestatic (62%). Thrombopenia has been noticed once (48,000/mm3). Serological diagnosis was confirmed with Elisa test (anti CMV Ig M: 30 cases) or complement fixation test (seroconversion: one, significant increase of the titers: two). CMV viremia, studied in seven patients, was positive in three. Spontaneous or treated (NSAI in 30%) outcome was nearly always favourable (97%). Two patients presented severe complications: meningo encephalitis and spleen rupture. CMV infection in previously healthy patients has to be suspected, without waiting for the mononucleosis syndrome, in view of a prolonged, well tolerated febrile illness, without pharyngitis, associated with hyperlymphocytosis and mild cytolysis. A careful follow-up is needed to detect the rare but severe complications.
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PMID:[Clinical, biological and developmental aspects of cytomegalovirus infection in immunocompetent patients: apropos of 34 hospitalized patients]. 805 48


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