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Query: UMLS:C0031350 (pharyngitis)
 2,405 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute HIV infection occurs in 85% of people recently infected with HIV-1 after an incubation period of 2-6 weeks. Diagnosing the acute HIV infection is difficult because the symptoms are non-characteristic and include fever, pharyngitis, and skin rash. Early recognition of HIV infection is, of course, maximally desirable in order to prevent further transmission of the infection and because the early treatment can slow down later progression of the disease.
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PMID:[Acute HIV infection]. 1553 95

According the WHO there are about 14,000 new HIV infections a day. However, in a few cases the diagnosis will be made in the acute phase of the disease. Acute HIV infection is the period between infection with the virus and complete seroconversion, defined by a positive Western blot test. This period lasts approximately 30 days and most patients (40-90%) have mild clinical manifestations (fever, rash, pharyngitis, mucosal ulcers, among others) for 2 weeks which, because they are nonspecific, can be confused with other community-acquired infections. Microbiological diagnosis is based on the absence of serum antibodies (negative ELISA test) together with a positive HIV viral load in plasma (> 10,000 copies/ml). Diagnosis of acute HIV infection is important for several reasons: firstly, from the epidemiological point of view, this is the period with the highest rates of HIV transmission and identification of new HIV infections reveals the growth of the epidemic and the transmission rates of resistant HIV strains, which in Spain is about 10%; secondly, from the immunopathological point of view, this period provides a unique opportunity to study the virological, immunological and genetic mechanisms that play a role in the transmission and pathogenesis of this disease; and thirdly, therapeutically, starting antiretroviral therapy during this phase could alter the natural history of the disease. However, this is a controversial issue and currently most guidelines recommend treatment only if these patients can be included in clinical trials or if they show lasting or severe clinical manifestations.
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PMID:[Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection]. 1559 52

Patients presenting with fever, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy are likely to have mononucleosis; however, patients with acute HIV infection may present with similar symptoms. Acute HIV infection should be considered as a differential diagnosis if test results for mononucleosis are negative. This article describes when to order HIV testing and discusses the importance of early intervention for acute HIV infection.
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PMID:When to consider acute HIV infection in the differential diagnosis. 2667 18