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Query: UMLS:C0031350 (pharyngitis)
 2,405 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Anaerobic meningitis occurred in four patients in whom anaerobic bacteria had not been suspected as a possible cause. The predisposing conditions were typical of those seen in patients previously reported to have this infection and included chronic otitis media with mastoiditis, chronic sinusitis, recent craniotomy and abdominal trauma. Two of the patients had undergone immunosuppression (immunosuppressed patients); a compromised immune system may facilitate the development of anaerobic meningitis in patients with the appropritate underlying conditions. Head and neck neoplasms, head trauma, suppurative pharyngitis and laminectomy wounds are additional situations in which anaerobic meningitis occurs. Anaerobic bacterial meningitis probably occurs more often than is recognized. The cerebrospinal fluid should be transported and cultured anaerobically when meningitis develops in a patient with a predisposing condition.
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PMID:Anaerobic bacterial meningitis. 46 26

Mucormycosis is the most acutely fatal fungus infection of man. The disease causes a characteristic pattern of clinical symptoms and signs, prompt recognition of which will permit immediate institution of antifungal therapy. Personal experience with 16 cases of the rhino-orbitocerebral form of mucormycosis is the basis of this report. The first of these patients was seen in 1959, and the last in 1981. All of the patients had one or more preexisting diseases, as follows: (1) diabetes mellitus, 13; (2) acute leukemia, 3; (3) terminal carcinomatosis, 1; and (4) chronic sinusitis, 1. The most common initial symptoms and signs were sinusitis, pharyngitis, nasal discharge, and orbital/periorbital pain. Proptosis and formation of a black eschar were only seldom among the initially apparent features. Hyphas were demonstrated in tissue sections in 14 of the 16 patients in whom biopsy was done. Rhizopus species were cultured in 11 of the 13 patients from whom material for culture had been obtained clinically. Five of the 16 patients survived. All of them had been treated with surgical debridement and with intravenous amphotericin B.
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PMID:Diagnosis and management of rhino-orbitocerebral mucormycosis (phycomycosis). A report of 16 personally observed cases. 664 48

Management of the patient with otitis media, sinusitis or pharyngotonsillitis is based on information about the host, the organism and the antimicrobial agent. Otitis media (OM) is a common infection in children but selected children have recurrent and chronic OM. The predominant organisms responsible for OM are Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. Changes in the antimicrobial susceptibility govern the choice of antimicrobial agents. Surgical treatment should be considered if the child has persistent hearing loss in both ears. Sinusitis shares with OM similar pathogenesis, microbiology and choices of antimicrobial therapy. Endoscopic surgery is the treatment of choice for chronic sinusitis. Pharyngitis may be either viral or bacterial in origin. Penicillin remains the treatment of choice for bacterial pharyngotonsillitis. In patients with recurrent infection, the emergence of B-lactamase producing strains has to be considered and erythromycin or oral cephalosporins might be indicated.
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PMID:Upper respiratory tract infections - otitis media, sinusitis and pharyngitis. 891 62

Various diseases of the upper airway, such as acute or chronic sinusitis, otitis media, pharyngitis or laryngitis, snoring and sleep apnea syndrom, may be associated with allergic rhinitis. The relationship between these pathologies and the allergic rhinitis has been well established from a clinical and epidemiological point of view, but the pathophysiological mechanisms remain uncertain. A good knowledge of symptoms and the performance of explorations, such as nasal endoscopy for sinusitis, are important in order to take care of these associated diseases. When upper airway diseases are associated with allergic rhinitis, treatment of rhinitis must generally be reinforced. Treament of associated disease will be specific to each disease, and sometimes surgery is required, specially in case of chronic sinusitis. In all cases, the pneumologist, allergologist and ENT physician should work in close collaboration.
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PMID:[ENT diseases associated with allergic rhinitis: a review of the literature]. 1086 2

While upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) cause much infectious morbidity in infants and young children, adolescents are not immune to infections. Adolescents experience two to four episodes of viral nasopharyngitis annually. In addition to group A streptococcus (GAS), pharyngitis may occur with other streptococci, Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, Epstein-Barr virus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and other pathogens. Uvulits, typically in association with GAS, occurs occasionally. Peritonsillar abscess is the most common deep neck space infection seen in adolescents, but retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscesses also occur, causing major morbidity. Adolescents experience fewer cases of otitis media than younger children. Rhinosinusitis occurs commonly in adolescents, occasionally leading to chronic sinusitis and serious sequelae such as osteomyelitis. This article reviews the major URTIs likely to be encountered by physicians caring for adolescents. For each entity there is a brief description of the epidemiology, morbidity, microbiology, clinical and laboratory features, treatment, and prevention.
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PMID:Upper respiratory tract infections in adolescents. 1091 22

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common diagnoses in a gastroenterologist's practice. Gastroesophageal reflux describes the retrograde movement of gastric contents through the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to the esophagus. It is a common, normal phenomenon which may occur with or without accompanying symptoms. Symptoms associated with GERD include heartburn, acid regurgitation, noncardiac chest pain, dysphagia, globus pharyngitis, chronic cough, asthma, hoarseness, laryngitis, chronic sinusitis and dental erosions. The introduction of fiberoptic instruments and ambulatory devices for continuous monitoring of esophageal pH (24-hour pH monitoring) has led to great improvement in the ability to diagnose reflux disease and reflux-associated complications. The development of pathological reflux and GERD can be attributed to many factors. Pathophysiology of GERD includes incompetent LES because of a decreased LES pressure, transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs) and deficient or delayed esophageal acid clearance. Uncomplicated GER may be treated by modification of life style and eating habits in an early stage of GERD. The various agents currently used for treatment of GERD include mucoprotective substances, antacids, H(2) blockers, prokinetics and proton pump inhibitors. Although these drugs are effective, they do not necessarily influence the underlying causes of the disease by improving the esophageal clearance, increasing the LESP or reducing the frequency of TLESRs. The following article gives an overview regarding current concepts of the pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment of GERD.
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PMID:Pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. 1106 Apr 72

Objectives To describe outcomes of endoscopic resection of sellar tumors with concomitant endoscopic sinus surgery for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Tertiary care medical center. Participants Patients who underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for excision of anterior skull base lesions and simultaneous functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) for CRS between January 2006 and January 2011 by senior authors (MRR and JJE). Main Outcomes Measured Short- and long-term postoperative complications. Results Fourteen patients were identified. Average follow-up was 27 months. All patients had preoperative symptoms consistent with CRS. No patients were treated with preoperative antibiotics. Surgical pathology revealed chronic sinusitis in all specimens. Pathology of the intracranial lesions included 11 pituitary macroadenomas, one craniopharyngioma, one chondrosarcoma, and one cholesterol granuloma. Short-term postoperative morbidities included a sphenoid polyp, one adhesion, and one case of pharyngitis. Long-term outcomes included one frontoethmoidal mucocele, one recurrence of nasal polyps, and three cases of acute sinusitis. There were no intracranial complications for the entire follow-up period. Conclusions Transsphenoidal surgery can safely be performed in the setting of CRS without increased risk of intracranial complications.
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PMID:Concomitant transsphenoidal approach to the anterior skull base and endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. 2443 19

Infections of the upper respiratory tract include inflammations of the nose, sinuses (sinusitis), pharynx (tonsillitis, pharyngitis) and larynx (laryngitis) with bacteria or viruses as the main cause of these conditions. Due to their repetitive nature, chronic respiratory infections represent a global problem which is often a result of an improper treatment. If not treated adequately, these conditions may have serious consequences. On the other hand, mis - and overuse of antibiotics has reduced their efficiency and accelerated the development of resistant bacterial strains, which further complicates the treatment of infections. This literature review will focus on current knowledge regarding medicinal plants and mushrooms which have been traditionally used in treatment of infections caused by chronic sinusitis and tonsillitis commonly linked bacteria - Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. The present literature overview might be considered as a starting point for the development of novel, natural antimicrobial products with potential practical use in the treatment of chronic tonsillitis and sinusitis.
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PMID:An up-to-date review on bio-resource therapeutics effective against bacterial species frequently associated with chronic sinusitis and tonsillitis. 3236 71