Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0031350 (pharyngitis)
 2,405 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Laboratory and clinical investigations were performed on cefadroxil, and the results were obtained as follows. (1) Sensitivity distribution of cefadroxil. In S. aureus, two peaks were observed with inoculum size of 10(8)/ml: 1.56-3.13 microgram/ml and 12.5-25 microgram/ml, while with inoculum size of 10(8)/ml, the distribution was in the range of smaller than or equal to 0.1-25 microgram/ml, and the sensitivity peak was 0.78-1.56 microgram/ml. In S. pyogenes, with inoculum size of 10(8)/ml, sensitivity distribution was in the range of 0.05-1.56 microgram/ml, and the peak was 0.05 microgram/ml. On the other hand, with inoculum size of 10(6)/ml, distribution was 0.0006-1.56 microgram/ml, and the peak was 0.0006-0.012 microgram/ml, thus sensitivity of cefadroxil being 2 tubes higher. In E. coli, with inoculum size of 10(8)/ml, strains showed mostly high resistance as more than 100 microgram/ml, whereas with inoculum size of 10(6)/ml sensitivity was distributed between 3.13-50 microgram/ml, and the peak was 12.5-25 microgram/ml. (2) Absorption and excretion of cefadroxil: A dose of cefadroxil 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg was administered to 9 cases of children aged from 4 years and 6 months to 11 years and 9 months, and serum levels of the drug were measured. As the results, in the group of 5 mg/kg dosing, the value was 0.94 microgram/ml at 30 minutes, 3.55 microgram/ml at 60 minutes, 7.65 microgram/ml at 2 hours, 2.55 microgram/ml at 4 hours, and 1.09 microgram/ml at 6 hours. In the group of 10 microgram/ml dosing, value of the drug was 4.18 microgram/ml at 30 minutes, 10.70 microgram/ml at 1 hour, 12.75 microgram/ml at 2 hours, 8.05 microgram/ml at 4 hours, and 2.33 microgram/ml at 6 hours. In the group of 20 mg/kg dosing, value was 9.93 microgram/ml at 30 minutes, 18.43 microgram/ml at 1 hour, 24.70 microgram/ml at 2 hours, 15.50 microgram/ml at 4 hours, and 6.45 microgram/ml at 6 hours. Dose response was observed thus distinctly among 3 groups. Recovery ratio of cefadroxil in urine was 76.14% within 6 hours. (3) Clinical trial with cefadroxil: Cefadroxil was applied clinically in 80 cases (76 patients). These included 22 cases of lacunar tonsillitis, 13 cases of pharyngitis, 24 cases of bronchitis, 6 cases of pneumonia, 8 cass of urinary tract infection, 5 cases of hemolytic streptococcal infection, 1 case of cellulitis, and 1 case of otitis media. Efficacy was obtained in 72 cases out of 80 cases ratio being thus 90%. Change of organisms was proven in 35 cases, among which disappearance and reduction of organism were observed in 32 cases (91.45). No adverse reaction was noticed throughout all cases. No abnormal value was recognized in laboratory findings.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefadroxil in the field of pediatrics (author's transl)]. 724 7

1. The in vitro antibacterial activity of cefoxitin was nearly equal to that of CEZ and CET against the 6 species of clinically isolated strains. Cefoxitin, furthermore, had an antibacterial activity against the strains of P. morganii resistant to CEZ and CET. 2. Cefoxitin was applied to a total of 17 patients including 6 cases of bronchitis, 5 of pneumonia, 2 of enteritis, and 1 each of pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis and lymphadenitis. The results showed an efficacy rate of 88%. In the 6 patients from whom the isolation of pathogenic organisms was possible, the bacteriological response to cefoxitin was appreciable the efficacy rate being 83%. Thus, it is considered that cefoxitin also has a significant antibacterial activity in vivo. 3. As to the side effects following the administration of cefoxitin, urticaria-like eruption was observed in 1 case, and an elevation of transaminase in another. These findings, however, became normal soon after discontinuation of cefoxitin treatment.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of cefoxitin in the pediatric field (author's transl)]. 728 29

Selected events in rhinovirus infection of the normal human airway can be regarded as occurring sequentially. Initial steps in rhinovirus pathogenesis are believed to include viral entry into the nose, mucociliary transport of virus to the posterior pharynx, and initiation of infection in ciliated and non-ciliated epithelial cells of the upper airway. Viral replication peaks on average within 48 h of initiation of infection and persists for up to 3 wk. Infection is followed by activation of several inflammatory mechanisms, which may include release or generation of interleukins, bradykinins, prostaglandins, and possibly histamine and stimulation of parasympathetic reflexes. Pathophysiologic processes are initiated, which include vasodilatation of nasal blood vessels, transudation of plasma, glandular secretion, and stimulation of nerve fibers, causing pain and triggering sneeze and cough reflexes. The resultant clinical illness is a rhinosinusitis, pharyngitis, and bronchitis, which, on average, lasts 1 wk.
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PMID:Rhinovirus infection of the normal human airway. 755 10

Clinical studies on SY5555 dry syrup, a new oral penem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The following results were obtained. 1. SY5555 was administered to 10 children with various bacterial infections (2 patients with acute tonsillitis, 2 with acute bronchitis, 1 with pharyngitis, 2 with scarlet fever, 1 with pertussis and 2 with urinary tract infections). The overall clinical efficacy rate was 90%. 2. Side effects or abnormal laboratory test values were not observed except for loose stool in 1 and eosinophilia in 1.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on SY5555 in the field of pediatrics]. 769 35

Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on SY5555 were performed in children. The results were as follows: 1. A total of 15 patients considered to have bacterial infections were treated with SY5555. Each dose, 5 mg/kg, was orally administered 3 times daily, for 4-11 days. Clinical efficacies of SY5555 in 13 patients with bacterial infections (1 with pneumonia, 2 with bronchitis, each 1 with maxillary sinusitis, 2 with otitis media, 5 with pharyngitis, 1 each with gastroenteritis and pyelonephritis) were evaluated as excellent in 10 patients and as good in 3 patients with an efficacy rate of 100%. Two patients with viral infection and malignant lymphoma were not evaluated. Thirteen causative strains in 7 species were found in 10 patients. Streptococcus pneumoniae in 1/3, Haemophilus influenzae in 2/2, Streptococcus pyogenes 4/4, Salmonella spp. in 1/1, Escherichia coli in 1/1 were eradicated. Only one patient developed mild diarrhea as an adverse reaction. Another patient showed elevated GPT (glutamate pyruvate transaminase). The abnormality was mild and the patient recovered after the cessation of SY5555 administration without specific treatment. 2. MICs of SY5555 were examined against 33 clinical isolates. SY5555 has low MICs against Enterococcus faecalis and other Gram-positive cocci. 3. Pharmacokinetic studies Peak plasma concentrations of SY5555 was 1.15 micrograms/ml at a dose level of 4.9 mg/kg orally administered at fasting. Based on the above results and the broad spectrum of the anti-bacterial activities, SY5555 appears to be a promising antibiotics that is usable as a single agent for the primary therapy of respiratory tract infections, skin soft tissue infections and urinary tract infections in children.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological, and clinical studies on SY5555 in children]. 769 43

Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on SY5555 dry syrup (powder which is dissolved before use), a new penem antibiotic for oral use, were performed. The following results were obtained. 1. Antibacterial activities. MICs of SY5555, clavulanic acid/amoxicillin (CVA/AMPC), cefotiam (CTM), cefpodoxime (CPDX), cefaclor (CCL) and cefdinir (CFDN) were determined against clinically isolated Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae at a dose of 10(6) CFU/ml. MICs of SY5555 against S. aureus, CNS, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, E. coli and E. cloacae were 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, < or = 0.025, 0.78, 0.2, 0.78 and 3.13 micrograms/ml, respectively, showing excellent antibacterial effects on these pathogens. Although the effects of SY 5555 against H. influenzae and E. coli were slightly inferior to those of CPDX and CFDN, the drug showed the most excellent antibacterial effect on other strains as compared with the control drugs. 2. Absorption and excretion In this study, plasma concentrations and urinary recovery rates were examined after administration of SY5555 at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg (potency) after meals. With both 5 and 10 mg/kg doses, peak plasma concentrations were reached 1 hour after administration, at 0.25-2.61 micrograms/ml (mean 1.47 micrograms/ml) and 1.08-2.17 micrograms/ml (mean 1.74 micrograms/ml), respectively. The plasma levels rapidly decreased to 0.06-0.19 micrograms/ml (0.12 micrograms/ml) and 0.0503-0.0637 micrograms/ml) after 6 hours. The half-lives 1.12 hours in the 5 mg/kg group and 1.0 hour in the 10 mg/kg group. The urinary recovery rates were determined in the first 8 hours after administration in the 5 mg/kg and 6 hours in the 10 mg/kg group, and the values were as low as 1.05-12.3% and 1.6-4.33%, respectively. 3. Clinical results The clinical responses were examined in a total of 73 cases including 4 acute pneumonia, 13 acute bronchitis, 11 tonsillitis, 3 pharyngitis, 12 scarlet fever, 2 pertussis, 6 urinary tract infection, 6 otitis media, 7 lymphadenitis, 2 staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 2 phlegmon, 4 impetigo and 1 purulent parotitis. The treatment was effective or better in 66 of 70 cases with an efficacy rate of 94.3% (3 undeterminable cases were excluded). Bacteriological effects were examined during the clinical course for detected or suspected pathogens found before administration of SY5555. The effects were determined in 50 cases including 7 cases of polymicrobacterial infections, 57 strains in total. Eight strains, however, persisted, hence the overall eradication rate was 86.0%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of SY5555 dry syrup in the pediatric field]. 769 46

SY5555 is a new oral penem antibiotic. Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies using SY5555 dry syrup (powder which is dissolved before use) were performed in pediatric patients. 1. Pharmacokinetic investigation Peak plasma concentrations of SY5555 after dose of 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg were, respectively, 1.58 +/- 0.37 micrograms/ml, 2.78 +/- 0.54 micrograms/ml and 5.28 micrograms/ml at 1 hour. The average half-life with 5 mg/kg administration was 0.94 +/- 0.05 hours, that with 10 mg/kg was 1.46 +/- 0.31 hours and that with 15 mg/kg was 0.88 hours. 2. Clinical investigation Enrolled in the study were 15 patients including 5 with acute otitis media, 5 with urinary tract infections and 1 each with pharyngitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia and subcutaneous abscess. Responses were excellent in 4 patients, good in 8 patients, fair in 2 patients and poor in 1 patient. In the assessment of the bacteriological efficacy, 8 out of 10 strains of organism identified previous to treatment were eradicated and 2 strains were unchanged, hence the eradication rate was 80.0%. 3. No adverse reactions attributable to the drug were observed and good drug compliance were obtained. From the above results, it has been concluded that SY5555 is a highly effective and safe agent for mild to moderate respiratory and urinary tract infections in children.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on SY5555 dry syrup in children]. 774 15

A prospective cohort study on 8124 schoolchildren aged 8 to 16 was conducted during the years 1977, 1979 and 1985 in Mannheim and two regions near Freiburg (Breisgau and the Black Forest). The objective of this part of the analysis was to investigate the regional differences in respiratory symptoms due to air pollution. Results are presented of 5726 children who had been living in those regions for at least five years at the times of interview. We have analysed 11 respiratory symptoms and two scores, measuring the tendency to infectious and asthmatic diseases, by logistic regression. Comparing the children living 1977 in Mannheim or the Breisgau to those living in the Black Forest the Relative Risks (Odds Ratios) of respiratory symptoms are in the range of 1.26-1.85 and 1.21-1.96 respectively. The results for the year 1979 are similar. In 1985 the regional effect has become smaller and no difference can be observed between Breisgau and the Black Forest. The infect score comprises bronchitis, inflamed throat with fever and sinusitis. The Relative Risk of an increased score decreases from 1.67 in 1977 to 1.65 in 1979 and 1.35 in 1985 in Mannheim and from 1.40 to 1.28 and 1.05 respectively in the Breisgau. The results of asthma and asthma symptoms are not homogeneous. In the Breisgau 1977 and 1979 the Relative Risk of an increased asthma score is slightly higher compared to the Black Forest. Allergies of the skin are reported more often in Mannheim than in the other areas. The Relative Risks of infectious respiratory symptoms and diseases agree spatially and temporarily well with the pattern of SO2 concentration. SO2 may be interpreted as an indicator for air pollution by power plants, industry and domestic heating.
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PMID:[Cohort study of respiratory tract diseases and lung function in school children in southwest Germany. 2. Regional influences on respiratory tract diseases in Mannheim and the Freiburg area]. 780 2

This study was undertaken to characterize the epidemiology and clinical presentation of infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae in a population composed primarily of middle-aged and older adults. Pharyngeal swabs and acute and convalescent phase sera were obtained from outpatients presenting with signs and symptoms of an acute respiratory infection. Sera were examined using the micro-immunofluorescence (MIF) test to detect antibody to Chlamydia pneumoniae and complement fixation tests to detect Mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza A virus, influenza B virus, respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus. Pharyngeal swab specimens were cultured for Chlamydia pneumoniae and tested for Chlamydia pneumoniae by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 743 patients with a mean age of 40.5 +/- 16.1 years were enrolled in the study. Twenty-one patients were serologically positive for acute Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in the MIF test. PCR was positive in 15 of the 20 serologically positive patients tested. Acute Chlamydia pneumoniae infection was identified in 3% (2/76) of subjects with pneumonia, 5% (12/247) of those with bronchitis, 5% (3/61) of those with sinusitis only and 2% (2/103) of those with pharyngitis only. Of the 21 patients with Chlamydia pneumoniae infection, seven (mean age of 33 years) had an antibody pattern suggesting a primary infection while 14 (mean age of 54 years) had a reinfection pattern. Patients with reinfection had milder disease than those with primary infection. PCR testing in the current study confirms the previously proposed serologic criteria of acute Chlamydia pneumoniae infection.
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PMID:Respiratory infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae in middle-aged and older adult outpatients. 788 46

A patient with drug-induced toxic pustuloderma is presented. The patient, who was asthmatic and who was being treated with ofloxacin for bronchitis and pharyngitis, developed intense erythemas followed by subcorneal pustulation associated with fever and a neutrophil leukocytosis. The diagnosis was confirmed by oral readministration of ofloxacin, with the result that pustular eruptions were induced. This form of drug eruption had not previously been attributed to ofloxacin.
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PMID:Toxic pustuloderma induced by ofloxacin. 790 9


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