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Query: UMLS:C0031350 (pharyngitis)
 2,405 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Treatment of inflammations of the oral and pharyngeal cavities (glossitis, pharyngitis, pharyngolaryngitis, tonsillitis) in 60 patients with Larypront Throat Tablets alone, without administration of systemic antibiotics, gave very good results in 49 cases (81.6%) with complete regression of the complaints in 3-4 days. In 11 patients with acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis without demonstrable effect, systemic antibiotic therapy had to be added because of radiologically demonstrable acute sinusitis or increasing antibacterial infection. Side effects were not seen with the use of Larypront in any case.
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PMID:[Treatment of inflammatory diseases of the mouth and throat with Larypront in ENT practice (author's transl)]. 82 23

T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new injectable cephamycin antibiotic, was studied for its antibacterial activity, concentration in serum and urine, penetration into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as well as clinical application. The following results were obtained. 1. Antibacterial activity: The susceptibilities of clinically isolated K. pneumoniae, E. coli and E. cloacae to T-1982 were superior to those of CEZ CMZ, and ABPC. T-1982 seemed to be useful for various infections due to Gram-negative rods. 2. Concentration in serum and urine: Subjects were 10 children with congenital heart failure but no abnormal renal and liver functions. T-1982 was given intravenously to 3 groups at 200 mg/kg by one shot (4 cases), 20 mg/kg by 1 hour drip infusion (3 cases) and 10 mg/kg by 1 hour drip infusion (3 cases). The half-lives were 60, 78 and 85 minutes, respectively. 3. Penetration into cerebrospinal fluid: Three children with malignant tumor were injected 20 mg/kg intravenously. A small amount of T-1982 was penetrated into CSF. 4. Clinical efficacy: T-1982 was administered daily 40-116 mg/kg t.i.d. or q.i.d. for 2-14 days to 17 children comprising 1 bronchopneumonia, 1 bronchitis, 4 tonsillitis, 1 lymphadenitis, 1 sepsis, 1 pharyngitis, 1 impetigo, 1 acute sinusitis and 6 pyelonephritis. Clinical efficacy was excellent in 10, good in 2, fair and poor in 3, and the efficacy rate was 70.6%. Bacteriological effect was as follows; eradicated in 9 cases and unknown in 8 cases. As side effect, GOT and GPT elevations unrelated to the drug were observed in 2 cases. Other abnormal findings were not found. T-1982 seems to be safe antibiotic in the field of pediatrics.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of pediatrics]. 634 37

Antibiotics account for 15 percent to 20 percent of all new and refill prescriptions issued in ambulatory community practice. Antibiotic-prescribing practices in our emergency room for common outpatient infections-pharyngitis, bronchitis, sinusitis, otitis media, cellulitis, cutaneous abscesses and pneumonia-were evaluated. Antibiotic selection was compared with recommendations representing current standards for care, and the cost of each was approximated. Antibiotic agents were judged to be overused in patients with pharyngitis, bronchitis and cutaneous abscesses. Patients who had acute sinusitis and otitis media often did not receive antibiotics or received an antibiotic not active against Hemophilus influenzae. A simple audit of antimicrobial drug usage for common outpatient infections proved to be a cost-effective way to identify excessive or inappropriate drug use. This approach could be used for evaluating the use of other drugs, and the results of these evaluations could serve to focus continuing educational programs.
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PMID:Patterns of antibiotic use in a busy metropolitan emergency room: analysis of efficacy and cost-appropriateness. 641 May 88

The efficacy and safety of azithromycin and clarithromycin were compared in an open multicentre study involving 380 adult patients with acute otitis media, acute sinusitis, or acute streptococcal pharyngitis or tonsillitis. Patients were assigned randomly to receive azithromycin as a single dose of 500 mg daily for three days, or clarithromycin 250 mg bid for ten days. Overall clinical efficacy was found to be similar in each treatment group at day 10-14, with a satisfactory outcome (cured or improved) in 95% of azithromycin and 96% of clarithromycin patients. Bacteriological efficacy was also similar, with eradication of the pathogen in 94% and 95% of isolates, respectively, in the azithromycin and clarithromycin groups. In otitis media, a satisfactory clinical response was seen in 97% of patients in each treatment group. Azithromycin therapy resulted in a clinical response rate of 93% in sinusitis patients, with bacteriological eradication in 93% of patients. Two patients (who were cured clinically) had persistent pathogens. Similarly, clarithromycin achieved clinical response and bacteriological eradication in 95% and 92% of sinusitis patients, respectively. Pathogens persisted in two patients with clinical cure, and in one case of clinical failure. In pharyngitis or tonsillitis, Streptococcus pyogenes was eradicated successfully in 95% of patients in both groups, and the clinical success rates were 96% and 97% for azithromycin and clarithromycin, respectively. No case of clinical failure was associated with persistence of S. pyogenes infection. At the follow-up assessment of this diagnosis group, reinfection had occurred in three (8%) azithromycin patients and one (3%) clarithromycin patient, and all but one patient remained asymptomatic. Both drugs were well-tolerated, with 8.4% of patients on azithromycin and 7.4% on clarithromycin reporting adverse events, mainly gastrointestinal. It was concluded that a three-day course of azithromycin was as effective and well-tolerated as a ten-day course of clarithromycin in adults with acute upper respiratory tract infections.
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PMID:Comparison of azithromycin versus clarithromycin in the treatment of patients with upper respiratory tract infections. 839 85

A total of 371 children, aged 6 months to 12 years, with acute otitis media, acute sinusitis, streptococcal tonsillitis/pharyngitis, or pneumonia were included in an open, multicenter study. Among them, 192 children were randomized to receive azithromycin for 3 days (10 mg/kg daily), and 179 for 5 days (10 mg/kg on day 1 and 5 mg/kg on days 2-5). The overall clinical cure rate was 95.7% and 96.1%, and bacteriological eradication rate 90.1% and 94.2% in the 3-day and 5-day groups, respectively. Side effects, mostly mild gastrointestinal disturbances, were observed in 5.3% of children from the 3-day, and 6.7% from the 5-day group. Only in one child (0.3%) was therapy discontinued due to vomiting. The results of this study demonstrate that 3-day and 5-day azithromycin courses have comparable efficacy and tolerability in children with respiratory infections.
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PMID:Azithromycin: 3-day versus 5-day course in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in children. Croatian Azithromycin Study Group. 910 16

Five conditions--otitis media, acute sinusitis, cough, pharyngitis and the common cold--account for most of the outpatient use of antibiotics in the United States. The first part of this two-part article presents guidelines that encourage physicians to make an appropriate distinction between acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion, to use shorter courses of antibiotic therapy in uncomplicated cases of otitis media and to limit prophylaxis to recurrence as defined strictly by number of episodes. Sinusitis in younger children is difficult to distinguish from the common cold, and the criterion for use of antibiotics should be duration of symptoms.
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PMID:Appropriate use of antibiotics for URIs in children: Part I. Otitis media and acute sinusitis. The Pediatric URI Consensus Team. 978 73

This article summarizes the principles of judicious antimicrobial therapy for three of the five conditions--cough, pharyngitis, the common cold--that account for most of the outpatient use of these drugs in the United States. The principles governing the other two conditions, otitis media and acute sinusitis, were presented in the previous issue. This article summarizes evidence against the use of antibiotic treatment for illness with cough or bronchitis in children, unless the cough is prolonged. Although empiric treatment may be started in patients with pharyngitis when streptococcal infection is suspected, the authors recommend withholding antibiotic treatment until antigen testing or culture is positive. There is never any indication for antibiotic treatment of the common cold; it is important to understand the natural history of colds, because symptoms such as mucopurulent rhinitis or cough, even when they persist for up to two weeks, do not necessarily indicate bacterial infection.
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PMID:Appropriate use of antibiotics for URIs in children: Part II. Cough, pharyngitis and the common cold. The Pediatric URI Consensus Team. 980 98

Increased bacterial resistance is caused most frequently by the widespread use of antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial agents are often used inappropriately to treat common respiratory illnesses in children. This article discusses the judicious use of antimicrobials in the common cold, otitis media, acute sinusitis, pharyngitis, and bronchitis.
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PMID:The judicious use of antibiotic agents in common childhood respiratory illness. 1067 66

The ketolides represent a new subclass of antibiotics among the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin group. Telithromycin, the first ketolide to be awarded approvable status for clinical use, demonstrates in vitro activity against community-acquired respiratory pathogens including penicillin- and erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. An extended half-life permits once-daily oral administration. Telithromycin is a substrate for cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and also inhibits drugs metabolized by CYP3A4. A relatively high frequency of mild-to-moderate gastrointestinal adverse effects has been reported. Similar clinical and microbiologic efficacy has been demonstrated with oral dosing in comparative clinical trials for community-acquired pneumonia, acute sinusitis, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and pharyngitis. Although limited data on penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae and erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes are available from clinical trials, this drug appears promising for respiratory infections caused by these pathogens.
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PMID:Telithromycin: an oral ketolide for respiratory infections. 1160 67

Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are responsible for a large amount of community antibacterial use worldwide. Recent systematic reviews have demonstrated that most URTIs resolve naturally, even when bacteria are the cause. The high consumer expectation for antibacterials in URTIs requires intervention by the general practitioner and a number of useful strategies have been developed. Generic strategies, including eliciting patient expectations, avoiding the term 'just a virus', providing a value-for-money consultation, providing verbal and written information, empowering patients, conditional prescribing, directed education campaigns, and emphasis on symptomatic treatments, should be used as well as discussion of alternative medicines when relevant. The various conditions have differing rates of bacterial infection and require different approaches. For acute rhinitis, laryngitis and tracheitis, viruses are the only cause and, therefore, antibacterials are never required. In acute sore throat (pharyngitis) Streptococcus pyogenes is the only important bacterial cause. A scoring system can help to increase the likelihood of distinguishing a streptococcal as opposed to viral infection, or alternatively patients should be given antibacterials only if certain conditions are fulfilled. Strategies for treating acute otitis media vary in different countries. Most favour the strategy of prescribing antibacterials only when certain criteria are fulfilled, delaying antibacterial prescribing for at least 24 hours. In otitis media with effusion, on the other hand, there is no primary role for antibacterials, as the condition resolves naturally in almost all patients aged >3 months. Detailed strategies for acute sinusitis have not been worked out but restricting antibacterial prescribing to certain clinical complexes is currently recommended by several authorities because of the high natural resolution rate.
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PMID:Responsible prescribing for upper respiratory tract infections. 1173 33


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