Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0031350 (pharyngitis)
 2,405 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute bacterial infections are a common cause of pediatric visits to the emergency department. The diagnosis and treatment of pharyngitis, otitis media, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, acute bacterial lymphadenitis and gastroenteritis are reviewed. The authors propose the use of a limited number of antibiotic agents including penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, lincomycin, cephalexin, a sulfonamide and tetracycline to improve efficiency and quality of care and to allow physicians to become familar with the drugs' characteristics, indications, dosage and side effects.
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PMID:Common childhood bacterial infections. 93 94

Inability to accurately diagnose infection in granulocytopenic patients is a major cause for morbidity and mortality, and prompted this study of 344 infections (pharyngitis, skin infection, pneumonia, anorectal infection, and urinary tract infection) in a select group of cancer patients. Strikingly similar alterations in clinical presentation were found for all infections that developed in profoundly granulocytopenic patients. Physical findings of exudate, fluctuation, ulceration or fissure, local heat, swelling, and regional adenopathy were all less prevalent in the granulocytopenic patient, while fever was much more common. Only erythema and local pain or tenderness were present in practically all patients regardless of site of infection or level of granulocyte count. A better understanding of how granulocytopenia affects the presentation of infection should lead to earlier and more accurate diagnosis and potentially to more successful therapy.
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PMID:Clinical presentation of infection in granulocytopenic patients. 105 68

Reverse isolation and prophylactic oral nonabsorbable antibiotics were evaluated among 64 consecutive noninfected adults with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia admitted for remission induction. Patients were randomly allocated to laminar air flow room reverse isolation with oral nonabsorbable antibiotics (LAF plus A), routine hospital ward care with antibiotics (W plus A), or ward care alone (W). The LAF plus A patients had a significantly decreased incidence of total infection, bacteremias, pneumonias, rectal abscesses, urinary tract infection, and pharyngitis. Infectious deaths were reduced in the LAF plus A group and the time to the first infection or to fatal infection was delayed. The W plus A patients who regularly ingested the antibiotics had a reduction in infections similar to that of the LAF plus A patients but those who could not tolerate the antibiotics had an incidence of infection comparable to the ward patients. The LAF plus A and the W plus A patients also had higher complete remission rates and longer median survival than the unprotected ward patients.
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PMID:Infection prevention in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Laminar air flow room reverse isolation with oral, nonabsorbable antibiotic prophylaxis. 105 22

Cefprozil (CFPZ, BMY-28100), a new oral cephalosporin, was evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 42 children with bacterial infections (Table 1), and the following results were obtained. 1. CFPZ was administered in 3 or 4 divided doses at daily dosages ranging from 15.3 to 60.0 mg/kg to 42 patients (19 cases of acute tonsillitis and/or laryngitis, pharyngitis, 13 cases of pneumonia, 2 cases each of suppurative cervical lymphadenitis and UTI, and 1 case each of scarlet fever, acute otitis media, suppurative parotitis, impetigo contagiosa, furuncle and acute enteritis) and the following clinical results were obtained: excellent; 24 cases, good; 14 cases, fair; 4 cases. The overall efficacy rate was 90.5% (Table 3). 2. MICs of CFPZ against 50 strains of isolated organisms are shown in Table 4. In 19 cases out of 28 cases examined, causative organisms were successfully eradicated and strain of Staphylococcus aureus was decreased in 1 case. 3. Diarrhea was observed in 2 cases (cases 8, 11). In case 8, the symptom disappeared spontaneously. Case 11 improved immediately after the administration of the drug was stopped. Among 39 children who went through laboratory tests, eosinophilia which seemed to be related to the administration of this drug was observed in 2 cases (cases 29, 38). Slight elevations of S-GOT and S-GPT were found in 1 case (case 22) (Table 7). 4. These data suggest that CFPZ is a safe and useful new antibiotic in the treatment of children with susceptible bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefprozil in children]. 128 80

Cefprozil (CFPZ), a newly developed oral cephalosporin in a fine granular form for pediatric use, was administered to children with bacterial infections. MICs were determined for 6 drugs including CFPZ, cephalexin (CEX), cefaclor (CCL), ampicillin (ABPC), methicillin (DMPPC) and cloxacillin (MCIPC) against the following 84 strains isolated from cases to which CFPZ was administered; 55 strains of Gram-positive cocci (GPC) including 2 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 49 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 4 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, and 29 strains of Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) including 10 strains of Haemophilus influenzae, 18 strains of Escherichia coli, and 1 strain of Proteus mirabilis. MIC determination of these strains was done with an inoculum size of 10(6) CFU/ml. In pharmacokinetic studies, serum concentrations, urinary concentrations and urinary recovery rates were investigated using bioassay and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). CFPZ was orally administered 30 minutes before meals to 9 children with ages ranging from 7 years and 1 month to 12 years and 3 months. Three groups of 3 children were tested with doses of 4.0, 7.5 and 15.0 mg/kg, respectively. In addition to the above, clinical and bacteriological studies were performed in a total of 160 cases consisting of children with ages ranging 5 months to 12 years and 5 months. A mean dose of 8.6 mg/kg in 3-4 divided doses (130 cases of t.i.d. and 30 cases of q.i.d.) was administered for an average of 7 days. The 160 cases included 34 cases of pharyngitis, 5 cases of tonsillitis, 8 cases of acute bronchitis, 8 cases of pneumonia, 52 cases of scarlet fever, 4 cases of acute purulent otitis media, 47 cases of urinary tract infection, 1 case of purulent lymphadenitis and 1 case of posthitis. Adverse reactions and abnormal clinical laboratory test results were also examined in 166 cases, including 6 cases excluded from the evaluation of clinical efficacy. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. With regard to GPC, MICs of CFPZ against 2 strains of S. aureus were 0.78 or 1.56 micrograms/ml and CFPZ showed the second highest activity to MCIPC. MICs of CFPZ against 49 strains of S. pyogenes were all less than 0.025 micrograms/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefprozil granules in the pediatric field]. 128 89

Cefprozil (CFPZ, BMY-28100) is a new oral cephem antibiotic without an ester linkage. Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies using CFPZ 10% fine granules were performed in pediatric patients. 1. Pharmacokinetic investigation Peak serum concentrations of CFPZ after dose of 7.5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg were, respectively, 3.65 +/- 0.24 micrograms/ml and 6.38 +/- 3.23 micrograms/ml at 1-2 hours. The average half-life with 7.5 mg/kg administration was 0.90 +/- 0.16 hours and that with 10 mg/kg was 1.29 +/- 0.50 hours. The urinary excretion of CFPZ was about 45% (35.3-50.0%) in 6 hours. 2. Clinical investigation Enrolled in the study were 22 patients including 4 with pharyngitis, 3 with tonsillitis, 3 with bronchitis, 5 with pneumonia, 4 with urinary tract infection, and 1 each with pertussis, purulent lymphadenitis and otitis media. Responses were excellent in 14 patients, good in 5 patients and fair in 1 patient. In the assessment of the bacteriological efficacy, 8 out of 17 strains of organism identified previous to the treatment were eradicated, 5 strains were found replaced by other bacteria and 4 strains persisted, hence the eradication rate was 76.5%. 3. No adverse reactions attributable to the drug were observed. From the above results, it has been concluded that CFPZ is a highly effective and safe agent for moderate respiratory and urinary tract infections in children.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefprozil fine granules in children]. 128 90

Laboratory and clinical studies on cefprozil (CFPZ, BMY-28100), a new cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Serum concentrations, urinary concentrations and urinary recovery rates of CFPZ were determined upon oral administration of CFPZ after meal at doses of 4 mg/kg granules in a case, 7.5 mg/kg granules in 2 cases and 15 mg/kg granules in one. Peak serum levels of CFPZ were obtained at an hour in 3 cases and at 2 hours in 1 case after administration of the drug with a range of 2.7-8.6 micrograms/ml with half-lives of 0.69-0.95 hours. Urinary recovery rates in the first 6 hours after administration ranged from 59.4-71.3%. 2. MICs of CFPZ against 36 clinical isolates (Staphylococcus aureus 4 strains, Streptococcus pneumoniae 5, Streptococcus pyogenes 5, Escherichia coli 5, Haemophilus influenzae 12, Haemophilus parainfluenzae 4, and Branhamella catarrhalis 1) were compared with those of cefaclor (CCL) and ampicillin (ABPC). The antibacterial activity of CFPZ was superior to those of CCL against Gram-positive cocci, and to those of ABPC against E. coli, and was equal to those of CCL and inferior to those of ABPC against H. influenzae. 3. Thirty-seven pediatric patients with acute infectious diseases (pharyngitis/tonsillitis 17, bronchitis 7, pneumonia 3, skin and soft tissue infection 2, and urinary tract infection 8) were treated with CFPZ at daily doses of 10-47 mg/kg t.i.d. as a rule. The efficacy rates were 100% clinically and 56% bacteriologically. 4. Side effects or abnormal laboratory test values were not observed except for an increased platelet count in 1 case and elevated GOT, GPT values in 2 cases.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefprozil in the field of pediatrics]. 149 37

Laboratory and clinical studies were done on cefprozil (CFPZ, BMY-28100). The results are summarized as follows. CFPZ was administered through the oral route to 2 children at a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg. After administration, peak serum levels of CFPZ obtained in the 2 cases were 6.71 micrograms/ml at 1 hour and 6.45 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, respectively and half-lives were 1.28 hours and 0.92 hour, respectively. The urinary excretion rates of CFPZ were 58.9% and 59.4%, respectively. Treatment with CFPZ was made in 37 cases of pediatric bacterial infections: 1 case of pharyngitis, 16 cases of tonsillitis, 16 cases of scarlet fever, 3 cases of impetigo, 1 case of UTI. Results obtained were excellent in 24 cases, good in 13 cases. No significant side effects due to the drug were observed, except 1 case of loose stool, 3 cases of eosinophilia, and 1 case each of elevated GOT and GPT.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefprozil in pediatric field]. 149 39

We have carried out laboratory and clinical studies on cefdinir (CFDN) 5% and 10% fine granule preparations. The results are summarized as follows. CFDN 5% fine granule preparation was given via oral route to each of 2 children in the fasting state at a single dose of 3 mg/kg. After administration, the mean peak plasma level of CFDN was 0.76 micrograms/ml at 4 hours and the mean half-life was 1.77 hours. The mean urinary excretion rate of CFDN was 31.5% in the first 12 hours after oral administration. CFDN 10% fine granule preparation and CFDN 100 mg capsule were given via oral route 3 children and to another child in the fasting state at single doses of 3 mg/kg and 2.63 mg/kg, respectively. After administration of 10% granules the mean peak plasma level of CFDN was 0.73 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and the mean half-life was 1.62 hours. The peak serum level obtained after administration of CFDN 100 mg capsule was 0.91 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and the half-life was 1.08 hours. The mean urinary excretion rate obtained with CFDN 10% fine granules was 26.2% in the first 8 hours after oral administration and the urinary excretion rate obtained with CFDN 100 mg capsule was 19.7% in the first 12 hours after oral administration. Treatment with CFDN 5% fine granules was made for a total of 48 cases of pediatric bacterial infections including 21 cases of tonsillitis, 12 cases of scarlet fever, 3 cases of pharyngitis, 5 cases of impetigo, 1 case of subcutaneous abscess, 1 case of furuncle, 5 cases of UTI. Results obtained were excellent in 30 cases, good in 18 cases. Treatment with CFDN 10% fine granules was made for a total of 16 cases of pediatric bacterial infections including 6 cases of tonsillitis, 3 cases of pneumonia, 4 cases of scarlet fever, 2 cases of impetigo, 1 case of UTI. Results obtained were excellent in 8 cases, good in 7 cases, poor in 1 case. No significant side effects due to the drugs were observed except 2 cases (1 case with 5% preparation and another with 10%) with eosinophilia, 3 cases (all with 5%) with diarrhea and 1 case each of elevated GOT & GPT (with 5%) and elevated GOT, GPT & Al-P (with 10%).
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefdinir 5% and 10% fine granules in pediatric field]. 176 70

The Pharmacokinetics and clinical effectiveness of cefdinir (CFDN, FK482) were examined in pediatric patients. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Plasma concentrations and urinary excretions of CFDN after administration of 5% fine granules were investigated on 4 children at a dose level of 6 mg/kg. Average plasma concentrations peaked at 4 hours after administration at 0.99 micrograms/ml with a half-life of 2.12 hours. The first 24-hour urinary recovery rates of CFDN in 3 children averaged 22.0%. 2. CFDN was given to 24 children (11 with pharyngitis, 3 with tonsillitis, 8 with scarlet fever, 1 with urinary tract infection and 1 with enteritis due to Salmonella); 15 were treated with 5% fine granules and 9 with 10% fine granules at daily doses of about 10 mg/kg in 2 to 3 divided portions. Clinical effects were excellent in 16, good in 7 and not evaluable in 1, with an overall efficacy rate of 100%. 3. Identified causative organisms were 12 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 4 of Haemophilus influenzae, 5 of Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 1 of Escherichia coli, and 1 of Salmonella. Bacteriological effects were rated as "eradicated" for 19 strains, "unchanged" for 4 with an eradication rate of 82.6%. 4. No side effects were observed. As for abnormal laboratory test results, a transient decrease of white blood cells was observed in 1 patient. 5. The CFDN fine granule preparations were preferably accepted by the children. 6. The fine granular preparations of CFDN, a new oral antibiotic, were useful for the treatment of bacterial infections in pediatrics.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on cefdinir fine granules in the field of pediatrics]. 176 71


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