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Query: UMLS:C0031350 (pharyngitis)
 2,405 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pharyngitis or sore throat is a common result of illness in pediatric and adolescent populations. Sore throat can signal either nonsystemic or systemic disease processes. Clinicians in ambulatory settings are often faced with deriving a differential diagnosis based on this symptom. Prompt and appropriate treatment depends on identification of the underlying causative agent or illness. This article examines common causes of sore throat in the pediatric and adolescent populations. These diagnoses are: (1) group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis; (2) non-group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacterial pharyngitis; (3) viral pharyngitis; (4) infectious mononucleosis; and (5) chronic conditions. Less common causes are also considered. Differential diagnosis is dependent on complete and accurate history, distinct physical finding, and interpretation of adjunct diagnostic tests. The value of critical data sources is essential in arriving at a differential diagnosis of pharyngitis. Once a diagnosis is established, an appropriate treatment plan can be initiated.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis of common causes of pediatric pharyngitis. 880 91

The present study investigated 54 pediatric patients with acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced infectious mononucleosis (IM) in Japan. Most of the acute cases clustered within the first 5 years of life, and the peak incidence was observed at around 4 years of age. These patients were arbitrarily separated into three age groups (less than 3 years, 3-5 years, and 6-14 years). Fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy and hepatomegaly were detected in more than 80% of all cases. Tonsillitis and splenomegaly were present in about 60% of cases. Skin manifestations and eyelids edema were less often detected in the older age group than in the young age groups. In addition to an increase of total white blood cell and lymphocyte counts in the peripheral blood, a significant increase in the percentage of CD3+ CD8+ HLA-DR+ T cells was always observed. Epstein-Barr virus seropositivity increased soon after birth and reached approximately 70% around 3 years of age. Close to 100% of the adult controls were EBV seropositive. The results suggest that EBV-induced acute IM is a disease of early childhood in Japan.
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PMID:Infectious mononucleosis as a disease of early childhood in Japan caused by primary Epstein-Barr virus infection. 914 Dec 48

The purpose of this study was to describe the frequency and duration of clinical features at the time of acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease in 218 patients with documented symptomatic primary HIV-1 infection. The mean duration of acute HIV-1 disease was 25.1 days (median, 20.0 days) and did not differ by gender, age, and risk factor. The frequency and mean duration of clinical features occurring in >50% of patients were as follows: fever, 77.1% and 16.9 days; lethargy, 65.6% and 23.7 days; cutaneous rash, 56.4% and 15 days; myalgia, 54.6% and 17.7 days; and headache, 50.9% and 25.8 days. Only 15.6% of patients presented with a typical mononucleosis-like illness (MLI) defined as fever, pharyngitis or sore throat, and cervical adenopathy, and 10% had no features of an MLI. A meningitis-like syndrome occurred in 20 patients (9.2%). Acute HIV-1 disease is more diverse than previously reported, and the absence of fever or other MLI features does not rule out acute HIV-1 disease.
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PMID:Acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 disease as a mononucleosis-like illness: is the diagnosis too restrictive? 914 2

Acute otitis media and tonsillopharyngitis are two of the most common diseases in pediatric clinical practice. Careful examination of the ears and the tonsils are mandatory in the evaluation of a febrile child. Acute otitis media usually can be diagnosed by a carefully taken history and examination alone. The infection usually requires antibiotic treatment, with amoxicillin being still recommended as the first choice drug. Pharyngitis and tonsillitis are more variable in their origin, the majority of cases is caused by different viruses. However, clinical examination alone is not specific enough to rule out the most important bacterial pathogen, group A streptococcus, which still has to be treated by penicillins. Thus, rapid test methods and classic bacteriological culture are used to assess group A streptococcus infections. Infectious mononucleosis and diphtheria are the most important diseases to be considered carefully in each patient.
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PMID:[Otitis media and tonsillitis--2 of the most frequent pediatric diagnoses]. 949 12

The authors report the case of a 19-year-old patient with an infectious mononucleosis, causing, 2 days after the onset of symptoms, a spontaneous splenic rupture. Acetyl salicylic acid had been given at the beginning of symptoms including fever and a pharyngitis. The diagnosis was obtained by laparoscopy after failure of sonographic. The patient was discharged 10 days after splenectomy.
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PMID:[Spontaneous rupture of the spleen and infectious mononucleosis]. 968 96

The adult form of mononucleosis caused by Ebstein-Barr virus (EBV) is different from the disease in children and adolescents. In most adults there is no pharyngitis or lymphadenopathy, fever is much more prolonged, abnormal liver function is frequent and lymphocytosis and the presence of atypical lymphocytes are not common. Such an atypical disease presentation often results in delayed diagnosis and unnecessary treatments. We describe 2 adults with such atypical presentations and complications of EBV infection.
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PMID:[Epstein-Barr virus infections in adults: a diagnostic challenge]. 1088 3

Infectious mononucleosis in its classical presentation consists of the clinical triad of fever, pharyngitis, and cervical lymphadenopathy. The majority of cases are caused by primary infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). There is, however, a wide clinical spectrum of disease manifestations, including pulmonary, hematologic, and neurologic findings and a series of associated laboratory abnormalities, such as lymphocytosis, heterophile antibodies, and anti-EBV antibodies. The disease is typically self-limited and treated with supportive therapy only. Rarely, serious complications such as airway obstruction, severe thrombocytopenia, or severe hemolytic anemia can occur. Infectious mononucleosis does not cause congenital anomalies, and pregnant women are not at increased risk of serious complications resulting from the disorder.
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PMID:Infectious mononucleosis. 1124 32

Medical documentation of the 342 patients hospitalised for infectious mononucleosis at the departments of infectious diseases of two county hospital was retrospectively reviewed between 1990 and 1996 and the most important clinical data were recorded. In order to document the effect of control measures, which were taken for the improvement diagnosis and therapy, data of the 105 infectious mononucleosis patients at one of the mentioned departments were also recorded in 1997 and 1998. The length of the time before the hospital admission (avg. 10.3 days), the length of the hospital stay (avg. 9.2 days) and the respectable amount of antibiotics taken for this indication show that this disease has great cost effect. High rate of classical clinical signs (fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, atypical cells) indicates, that the majority of the patients consulting their doctors presented the well-known signs of the disease. Only 43.6% of the patients were diagnosed as infectious mononucleosis by the G. P. s. Majority of the cases were treated for tonsillitis. 90.7% of the patients were given antibiotics before the hospital admission (avg. 1.6 antibiotics/person). 43.3% of the patients left the hospital without serologic diagnosis. After drowning lesson from the first part of this study, there was significant decrease in the rate of lack of serologic diagnosis and in the amount of consumption of antibiotics for this indication in the hospital, but there was no change at the level of G. P. s. The results of this paper demonstrate that the daily routine diagnosis and treatment of a well-known diseases differs remarkably from optimal practice. The fact is, that even if the physician has knowledge of a certain disease, does not necessarily mean that he uses it in his routine work. In order to reduce this failure, authors propose introduction of protocols and regular review of the practice.
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PMID:[Clinical aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of infectious mononucleosis in primary care and in departments of infectious diseases]. 1137 92

Infectious mononucleosis is usually produced as primoinfection by Epstein-Barr virus, but the second most common cause is cytomegalovirus. Clinical presentation of infectious mononucleosis is a pharyngitis and tonsillitis, associated to neck nodes, fever and general malaise, as well as haematological features such as an absolute lymphomonocytosis. Occasionally it is the neck node that is more severe, even without initial lymphomonocytosis. We report a deep neck abscess within a neck node as subacute presentation of infectious mononucleosis by cytomegalovirus. We review the clinical presentation of infectious mononucleosis, specially due to cytomegalovirus, as well as the importance that this disease could have while dealing with diagnosis and management of neck masses.
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PMID:[The neck cysts and infectious mononucleosis due to cytomegalovirus]. 1205 10

Infectious mononucleosis is an extremely common problem in the athletic population. "Mono" occurs in 3% of college students. Diagnosing infectious mononucleosis requires an understanding of the clinical features such as fever, lymphadenopathy, pharyngitis, and splenomegaly, as well as laboratory findings. The time at which these clinical features and laboratory abnormalities develop is also important to understand. Splenomegaly is common, but splenic rupture is very rare. Whether an athlete may return to activity usually relates to the presence of splenomegaly and the duration of the illness. Splenic rupture has not been reported after an individual has been ill for more than 3 weeks. This article provides an overview of infectious mononucleosis. The most common complications are reviewed and the management of these problems discussed. A practical approach to determining when an athlete may return to activity is presented.
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PMID:Infectious mononucleosis and the spleen. 1283 20


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