Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0031350 (pharyngitis)
 2,405 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical studies were carried out on SY5555, a new oral penem, in the field of pediatrics. The results obtained are summarized below. The clinical efficacies were examined in a total 31 patients consisting of 4 patients with pharyngitis, 10 with purulent tonsillitis, 4 with scarlet fever, 7 with impetigo, one with balanitis, one with cellulitis and 4 with UTI. The clinical efficacy rate was 96.8% (30/31). Bacteriological efficacies of SY5555 were examined on identified pathogens including 7 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 6 of Streptococcus pyogenes, 3 of Enterococcus faecalis, 3 of Haemophilus influenzae, one of Escherichia coli and one of Citrobacter freundii. The bacteriological eradication rate was 81.0%. As for side effects, loose stool in one patient was noted. Abnormal laboratory findings test results included eosinophilia in 2 patients, eosinophilia and elevation of serum transaminase in one patient, and thrombocytosis in another.
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PMID:[Bacteriological and clinical studies of SY5555 in pediatric field]. 774 8

A clinical study was performed on SY5555, a newly developed penem antibiotic, in children. SY5555 was given orally to 14 patients at 19-29 mg/kg/day in 3 doses for 4 to 12 days. Clinical evaluations were made on the 14 patients including 4 with pharyngitis, 7 with tonsillitis, one with urinary tract infection, and 2 with impetigo. Overall clinical effects were excellent in 2, good in 12, with an efficacy rate of 100%. Causative organisms (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) were all eradicated. As to adverse reactions, mild diarrhea was observed in 4 patients. These data suggest that SY5555 is a useful oral antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of a new oral penem, SY5555, in infants and children]. 774 9

SY5555 dry syrup (powder to be dissolved before use) was clinically used in pediatric patients. The following results were obtained: 1. The subjects were 6 pediatric patients including 1 case each with pharyngitis, tonsillitis, lacunar tonsillitis and impetigo contagiosa and 2 cases with scarlet fever. The drug was administered at a daily dose of 14.5-29.0 mg/kg divided into 3 dosages. The clinical results were excellent in 5 cases and good in 1 case with an efficacy rate of 100%. 2. Identified bacteria included 3 strains of Haemophilus influenzae, 2 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes and 1 strain of Staphylococcus aureus. Five strains were eradicated but 1 strain still remained with an bacteriological eradication rate of 83.3%. 3. No side effects were observed throughout the study period. In laboratory test results, elevated eosinophil count was observed in only 1 case. 4. Patients' compliance was good in general. 5. Based on the results mentioned above, the drug was considered to be a useful new oral antibiotic in the pediatric field.
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PMID:[Clinical study of SY5555 dry syrup in the pediatric field]. 774 10

A clinical study in children has been performed on S-1108, a newly developed cephem antibiotic. S-1108 was given orally to 30 patients, at doses between 8 and 12 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses for 2 to 10 days. Clinical evaluations were made on 26 patients consisting of 12 patients of pharyngitis, 5 of tonsillitis and of impetigo, one each of bronchitis, cystitis, lymphadenitis and cellulitis. Overall clinical effects were excellent in 10, good in 15, fair in 1 with an efficacy rate of 96%. As to adverse reactions, mild diarrhea (2 patients) and transients elevation of transaminases (one patient) were observed. These data suggest that S-1108 is a useful oral antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of a new cephem S-1108 in infants and children]. 810 70

1. S-1108 granules were administered to 22 children with bacterial infections (8 cases of bronchitis, 1 case of pneumonia, 3 cases of scarlet fever, 2 cases each of tonsillitis, pharyngitis, pertussis, purulent lymphadenitis and impetigo). 2. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 12 patients and good in 7, fair in 1, poor in 1 and unevaluable in 1 with an efficacy rate of 90.5%. 3. Neither side effects nor abnormal laboratory test values were observed. 4. There was no rejection of the drug during the therapy. From the above results, we consider S-1108 in granular form to be a useful and safe drug in the treatment of various bacterial infection in pediatric patients.
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PMID:[A clinical evaluation of S-1108 in the treatment of pediatric infections]. 810 72

Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefditoren pivoxil (CDTR-PI, ME 1207) in granules, a new oral cephalosporin, were performed in the field of pediatrics. The results are summarized below. 1. Antibacterial activities: Antibacterial activities of CDTR were studied against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis in comparison with those of cefteram (CFTM), cefixime (CFIX), cefaclor (CCL), cefpodoxime (CPDX) and cefotiam (CTM). MIC80's of CDTR against S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae and B. catarrhalis were 1.56, 0.39, < or = 0.025, < or = 0.025, 0.05 and 0.20 micrograms/ml, respectively. These results showed that CDTR has high antibacterial activities against these organisms. 2. Absorption and excretion: Serum concentrations and urinary recovery rates of CDTR-PI (administered in granules) were determined. Upon single oral doses of 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, the peak serum concentrations were 0.5-2.45 micrograms/ml at 2 to 4 hours and 1.79-4.05 micrograms/ml at 1 to 4 hours, respectively, and T 1/2 was 1.07-9.67 hours and 0.99-3.00 hours, respectively. At 8 hours after dosing, serum concentrations were 0-0.87 micrograms/ml with a dose of 3 mg/kg and 0.27-0.73 micrograms/ml with 6 mg/kg. These values indicated that the drug has a dose-dependent pharmacokinetic behavior. Urinary recovery rates in the first 8 hours were 12.9-34.2% with a dose of 3 mg/kg and 11.8-26.9% with 6 mg/kg. 3. Clinical study: Clinical efficacies were examined in a total of 81 cases consisting of 20 cases of acute bronchitis, 13 of acute pneumonia, 21 of tonsillitis, 5 of pharyngitis, 7 of scarlet fever, 2 each of impetigo, otitis media and purulent cervical lymphadenitis, 1 of pertussis and 8 of UTI. The clinical efficacy rate was 97.5% (79/81), and bacteriological eradication rate was 100% (76/76). As for side effects, 2 cases of watery stools and 1 case of minor elevation of GPT were observed.
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PMID:[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefditoren pivoxil in the pediatric field]. 837 96

Mutational analysis confirms the presence of a positively controlled virulence regulon in the OF+ lineage of S. pyogenes. Although there are differences in the organization of the virR regulon in OF+ and OF- strains, expression of these surface proteins is dependent on a VirR protein. In addition, it appears that production of OF is dependent on virR. The contribution of OF to the pathogenesis of S. pyogenes is unknown. The greater association of OF+ strains with impetigo compared to the greater association of OF- strains with pharyngitis [2] may indicate that production of apoproteinase is a contributing factor to skin infections.
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PMID:Insertional inactivation of virR in Streptococcus pyogenes M49 demonstrates that VirR functions as a positive regulator of streptococcal C5a peptidase and M protein in OF+ strains. 858 66

The existence of discrete populations of throat and skin strains of group A streptococci has long been recognized; however, a molecular basis for this distinction is not known. The emm gene structure was analyzed for 105 isolates obtained from patients with well-defined group A streptococcal diseases: uncomplicated pharyngitis, impetigo, and acute rheumatic fever. Four emm gene sub-family forms, defined by nucleotide sequence differences in regions encoding the peptidoglycan-spanning domain of M and M-like surface proteins, were found to exist in five different chromosomal patterns among naturally occurring isolates. Strong correlations were made between disease and the number and arrangement of emm subfamily genes. These findings provide a genetic basis for the historical references to "throat," "skin," and "rheumatogenic" types.
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PMID:Genetic correlates of throat and skin isolates of group A streptococci. 860 68

Azithromycin (AZM) was studied for its clinical efficacy in pediatric infections. The study on AZM was carried out in 43 patients whose diagnoses were given as follows: pharyngitis in five cases, tonsillitis in one, bronchitis in four, pneumonia in four, Mycoplasma pneumonia in 14, scarlet fever in nine, impetigo in four, pyodermia in one and Campylobacter enteritis in one. The patients received AZM once daily at 1.6 approximately 20.0 mg/kg body weight for three to five days. Effectiveness of AZM was evaluated in 39 cases and the drug was rated "excellent" in 15, "good" in 19, "fair" in one, "poor" in four, resulting in an efficacy rate of 87.2%. Twenty bacterial isolates were identified as causative isolates in 19 patients: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Campylobacter jejuni and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. AZM eradicated 16 isolates but four persisted after therapy. One patient complained of loose stool, while two patients were found with decreases in white blood cell counts, and seven showed increases in eosinophils. However, no serious case of adverse event was reported.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of azithromycin in pediatric infections]. 898 54

The primary sites of infection and principal reservoirs for transmission of group A streptococci are the nasopharyngeal mucosa and the impetigo lesion. However, pharyngitis and impetigo are rarely observed prior to invasive disease, and, thus, the origin of invasive strains is largely unknown. As part of an active surveillance program, group A streptococci were obtained from normally sterile tissue sites of Connecticut residents during a 6-month period. Organisms were analyzed for genetic markers that distinguish between strains that use the nasopharynx versus an impetiginous lesion as their primary site for infection. The nasopharyngeal marker was observed for most sterile-site isolates, suggesting that the upper respiratory tract is the principal reservoir from which organisms causing invasive disease are disseminated. Genotypic analyses of sterile-site isolates support the view that additional factors, aside from a recent emergence of a few virulent clones, are important contributors to invasive group A streptococcal disease.
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PMID:A genetic-based evaluation of the principal tissue reservoir for group A streptococci isolated from normally sterile sites. 920 64


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