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Query: UMLS:C0031154 (peritonitis)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study is the preliminary review of the above 2 year period of treatment of patients with chronic renal failure being on CAPD in our center. The study was performed in 14 patients during the cumulative period of 192 patient-months. The analysis of infectious and non-infectious complications was conducted, and patients were also monitored in terms of quantitive measurements of dialysis adequacy and nutritional status using such parameters like total Kt/V (urea), total Weekly Creatinine Clearance (tWCC), normalized protein catabolic rate (npcr) and serum albumin level. We also analysed the influence of residual renal function (RRF) on these parameters and relationships between them. During the study period we observed 7 episodes of peritonitis with the medium rate of 1 episode per 24.7 patient-months. Six of them were treated succesfully conservatively, but in one case catheter removal was necessary because of uneffective farmacological therapy. We also observed two episodes of exist site infection (ESI), one treated finally by catheter replacement. Two technical problems also occurred: leakage into abdominal wall and through the catheter tunnel. During the observation period all patients remained alive, although one was transfered to HD after 14 months of CAPD (earlier 4 months on manual IPD) because of lack of adequacy and severe peritonitis. Obtained results of nutritional status indicate, that 50% of patients were malnourished in terms of npcr and 35.7% in terms of serum albumin level. Seven of 14 patients were adequately dialysed acording to Kt/V, 9 according to tWCC.
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PMID:[Preliminary results of treating patients with chronic renal failure with the help of CAPD]. 883 47

Case-report of protozoal infection (Blastocystis bominis) during Pseudomonas peritonitis in male patient with intestinal diverticulosis on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) treatment for chronic renal failure (CRF). Microscopic morphology and cultural characteristics are summarized from current literature. Photographic images in phase contrast from fresh-observation of faeces and peritoneal fluid are reported. Although other Protozoa (e.g. Acanthamoeba free-living) have already been found in dialysis fluid, this is the first case, referred in literature, of Blastocystis bominis infection in CAPD patients. Some pathogenetic hypothesis are done involving Blastocystis bominis in peritoneal infection, especially in immunodepressed patients like dialysed ones. Although many chemotherapeutics are provided for this protozoiasis during enteritis, in our case no supplement was required except specific antibiotic therapy for Pseudomonas infection. Symbion or pathogen? Is now-a-day the question which troubles parasitologists. Systemic research of Protozoa in dialysed patients is anyhow advisable.
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PMID:[Protozoan infection (Blastocystis hominis) concomitant with Pseudomonas sp. peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)]. 884 71

We analysed 27 patients (15 women and 12 men) on CAPD treatment longer than 6 months at the Clinic of Nephrology, CCS, in Belgrade. Pts were between 22 and 72 years old (57.77 +/- 12.21 years). These pts had 47 episodes of peritonitis: 6 pts (22.22%) were without peritonitis, but 21 pts (78.22%) had between 1 and 5 episodes of peritonitis. We found 1 peritonitis /pts/year. Causes of peritonitis were mostly unknown (27/47) because treatment had began before taking culture of the peritoneal dyalisate. The most common causes of peritonitis were coagulase negative staphylococci: Staphylococcus aureus (8) and Staphylococci epidermidis (8). Laboratory showed: leucocytosis, hyperfibrinogenaemia, hypoproteinaemia and accelerated ESR. There was no connection between causes of chronic renal failure and frequency or peritonitis. During treatment of peritonitis in 2 pts we had to replace the peritoneal catheter and 5 pts went on haemodialyses. The other were recovered and continued CAPD treatment.
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PMID:[Peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis]. 910 83

From a pathophysiological perspective, several studies have been performed on cytokines in chronic renal failure patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Because the peritoneal macrophages in CAPD patients produce some cytokines and the urinary secretion route for cytokines lost in those patients, CAPD patients are considered to have different plasma cytokine levels. Among the various cytokines, research on certain inflammatory cytokine levels has been reported. In studies of CAPD patients, peripheral blood and dialysate can be used as specimens. There are two methods of research. One involves determining the cytokine concentration in specimens and culture supernatant, while the other is to determine the mRNA expression of mononuclear cells in specimens and cultured mononuclear cells. The plasma levels of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) were measured in CAPD patients without peritonitis. Plasma M CSF, GM CSF and G-CSF levels in CAPD patients were higher than those in healthy volunteers (p < 0.0001).
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PMID:[Plasma macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor levels in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients]. 917 Sep 79

Peritoneal dialysis is an established method of treatment of chronic renal failure. In that paper morphological and functional changes of peritoneum due to the process of long-term dialysis are presented. Morphological changes are observed in mesothelial cells, intercellular junctions, interstitial tissue and blood vessels. Moreover morphological changes in typical complications of chronic peritoneal dialysis, e. g. peritonitis, eosinophilic peritonitis, and sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis are described. Mechanisms of functional disorders during chronic peritoneal dialysis, involving the decreased permeability of the peritoneum, the increased permeability of the peritoneum and the enhanced lymphatic drainage are discussed. The article is the second of two parts presenting physiology and pathology of peritoneum as dialysis membrane.
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PMID:[Peritoneum as a dialysis membrane. II. Pathology]. 919 Jun 36

Continual ambulatory dialysis (CAPD) is used during the last five years with increasing frequency in the treatment of patients with chronic renal failure. In some countries already a very high proportion of patients is treated by this method, e.g. in Great Britain about 50%. A decisive influence in the design of peritoneal catheters (PC) and improvement of the exchange system of bags with the dialyzatin fluid. The most important step in the development of the peritoneal catheter was the introduction of a dacron cuff in the intramural portion of the catheter by Tenckhoff. The cuff is a strong barrier against penetration of infection into the abdominal cavity via the subcutaneous tunnel. There are many modifications of the design of the intraperitoneal part, however, they are not of such fundamental importance for the function of the PC as the dacron cuff. As regards implantation of the PC, in addition to the surgical insertion the laparoscopic method is being enforced. A new method is leaving the external portion of the PC in subcutaneous tissue for 3-6 weeks, as recommended by Moncrief and Popovich. This method reduced the incidence of peritonitis after exteriorization of the PC.
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PMID:[Peritoneal catheters in the treatment of continuous peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)]. 922 68

A 63-year-old female with chronic renal failure on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis developed chronic peritonitis. A CDC group EO-3 organism was isolated from the peritoneal dialysis fluid on five occasions over a period of 4 months. This is the first reported isolation of this organism in which it is associated with a patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
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PMID:Peritonitis associated with a CDC group EO-3 organism. 939 52

A 27-year-old woman with chronic renal failure, who had been treated with chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and had developed sclerosing peritonitis, was admitted to the hospital with intra-abdominal sepsis. In spite of antibiotic therapy, sepsis recurred and was associated with intrahepatic cholestasis. In addition, over a period of about 4.5 weeks she developed hepatomegaly and portal hypertension unassociated with occlusion of the portal vein or one of its main extrahepatic branches. A wedge biopsy of the liver revealed extensive thick fibrosis of the liver capsule, intrahepatic cholestasis, diffuse swelling of hepatocytes, central veins that were difficult to visualize and small portal tracts. It is suggested that the sepsis was responsible for the intrahepatic cholestasis, swelling of hepatocytes and hepatomegaly. It is also suggested that the rigidity of the fibrotic liver capsule provided resistance to the development of hepatomegaly, with the result that intrahepatic pressure increased (compressing intrahepatic branches of the portal vein as well as portal tracts and central veins) and portal hypertension developed.
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PMID:Sclerosing peritonitis complicated by sepsis: a potential cause of portal hypertension. 951 60

A prospective study was undertaken in 16 patients with chronic renal failure on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, with 22 episodes of peritonitis treated with vancomycin, a known ototoxic agent. Twelve patients had one episode each, and four had recurrent peritonitis. Each treatment course consisted of two infusions of vancomycin (30 mg/kg body weight) in 2 L of peritoneal dialysate administered at 6-day intervals. Serum vancomycin analyzed by enzyme immunoassay showed a mean trough level of 11.00 microg/ml on day 6 and mean serum levels of 33.8 and 38.6 microg/ml about 12 hours after administration on days 1 and 7, respectively. Similar levels, well within the therapeutic range, were encountered with repeated vancomycin therapy for recurrent episodes of peritonitis, suggesting that no changes occurred in the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug. Pure-tone audiometry, electronystagmography, and clinical assessment performed during each course of treatment showed no evidence of ototoxicity even on repeated courses of vancomycin therapy. The results suggest that vancomycin therapy when given in appropriate concentrations as a single therapeutic agent is both effective and safe. We believe, however, that vancomycin administered in combination with an aminoglycoside may produce ototoxic effects that may be greatly aggravated, possibly because of synergism.
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PMID:Vancomycin administration in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: the risk of ototoxicity. 956 Jan 11

We report a fatal case a fungal peritonitis caused by the yeast-like dematiaceous mould Hormonema dematioides in a 45-year-old woman. The woman had a 13-year history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and had been on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for chronic renal failure. H. dematioides was repeatedly isolated from the dialysate culture specimens collected on days 3, 9, 16, and 20 of her hospital stay. Preliminary culture reports on day 7 of the growth of a yeast-like fungus, a probable Candida species, prompted the administration of fluconazole (FLU). Intraperitoneal and intravenous FLU failed to eliminate the mould, and the patient expired on day 21 of her hospital stay. We use this case to present what appears to be the first report of fungal peritonitis due to H. dematioides, to provide laboratorians with criteria for differentiating this organism from the similar mould Aureobasidium pullulans and from various yeast genera, and to provide a review of known fungal taxa inciting peritonitis.
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PMID:Fatal Hormonema dematioides peritonitis in a patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: criteria for organism identification and review of other known fungal etiologic agents. 965 Sep 91


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