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Query: UMLS:C0031154 (peritonitis)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study analyses our experience with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) over a period of 2 1/2 years. Twenty-six patients are continuing on CAPD. Of the 31 Whites, 19 Asians, 5 Coloureds and 3 Blacks who began treatment, 15 Whites, 8 Asians, and 3 Coloureds but no Black patients are continuing treatment. Peritonitis was the most important limiting factor and occurred once in every 28,5 weeks in Coloureds, once in 19,5 weeks in Whites, once every 16 weeks in Asiatics and once every 11 weeks in Blacks. Twenty-eight per cent of the patients had 70% of the episodes of peritonitis. Advantages of CAPD were personal freedom, control of blood pressure and fluid balance, and a greater latitude in acceptance of more patients into a chronic renal dialysis programme. The value of CAPD should be assessed further in time and should not be regarded as the final solution to the management of patients with chronic renal failure.
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PMID:An interracial study of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in Natal. 682 45

The pharmacokinetics of cephalothin sodium were studied in seven patients with chronic renal failure undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 100 mg of cephalothin per liter dialyzate were administered intraperitoneally during nine dialysis cycles with 2 liters of dialysis fluid per cycle. Serum levels of the antibiotic, measured microbiologically during the first, fifth and ninth dwell time, revealed peak values of 3.5 +/- 1.7 mg/l, 5.6 +/- 2.2 mg/l and 5.3 +/- 2.5 mg/l, respectively. The mean concentration in the dialysis outflow was 23.6 +/- 15.6 mg/l (range: 2.0-78.7 mg/l). Intraperitoneally administered cephalothin is well tolerated. Serum levels exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentrations of most gram positive bacteria causing peritonitis in these patients.
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PMID:Serum and dialyzate concentrations of intraperitoneal cephalothin in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 688 18

We initiated a therapeutic program of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for patients with chronic renal failure. Our program resulted in many episodes of peritonitis arising from contamination due to the technical aspects of the procedure. Microbiologic evaluation showed that 73% of 97 episodes were culture positive, with gram-positive organisms causing most of the cases, especially early in dialysis. Gram-negative rods tended to occur later. Gram stains of dialysate effluent resulted in a disappointingly low yield of only 9% positivity. Cell counts were a dependable indicator of the presence of peritoneal inflammation and also of therapeutic success. Most patients responded well to intraperitoneal cephalothin, 125 mg/L for 10 to 14 d. The occurrence of peritonitis resulted in 0.93 years of hospitalization during the total of 15.45 patient-years on dialysis, which essentially negated the financial advantages of this method of treatment of chronic renal failure. For this to be a successful mode of therapy, advances in the prevention of peritonitis must be made.
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PMID:Peritonitis during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 698 85

Peritoneal dialyses have been performed in 1072 instances by the manual infusion technique in 16 patients with chronic renal failure, during a period of 2 years. Among the intraabdominal bacterial cultures done before each dialysis, 79 were positive, and peritonitis developed in 7 cases. As related to the total number of dialyses, these figures represent 7.37 and 0.65 per cent, respectively. Local intraabdominal applications has been found to reduce the hazard of peritonitis. Increased frequency of dialyses and combined antibiotic therapy proved curative to peritonitis. The results of the bacterial cultures indicate that in case of intraabdominal infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, acetate-containing dialysing fluids should be given preference.
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PMID:Infection of the abdominal cavity and chronic peritoneal dialysis. 704 15

The results of treatment of a group of patients in end-stage renal failure by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) are discussed. Two years after the start of the programme two-thirds of the patients who commenced treatment during that time are still maintained on CAPD. The major complication has been peritonitis, which was responsible for half the treatment failures. CAPD provides a useful alternative to maintenance haemodialysis for some patients, although it cannot replace haemodialysis for the majority of patients in end-stage chronic renal failure.
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PMID:Continuous peritoneal dialysis. The first 2 years of a programme at Groote Schuur Hospital. 705 95

The pharmacokinetics of vancomycin were studied during six episodes of peritonitis in four patients with chronic renal failure managed with chronic intermittent peritoneal dialysis. Following intravenous administration of vancomycin peritoneal concentrations ranged from undetectable to 22.5 micrograms/ml, and were 0-96% (mean 27%) of simultaneous serum concentrations. In view of the unpredictable penetration of vancomycin from serum into peritoneal fluid, we recommend that therapy for peritonitis due to staphylococci in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis should include intraperitoneal administration of vancomycin.
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PMID:Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in patients undergoing chronic intermittent peritoneal dialysis. 715 38

We have recently trained two sets of parents to perform home peritoneal dialysis on their infants with chronic renal failure. Chronic dialysis was initiated before the age of one year with a body weight of less than 10 kg. The infants were maintained on dialysis for 10 and 13 months respectively awaiting cadaveric transplantation. Both infants had marked growth failure while on chronic home dialysis. Although one infant had three episodes of peritonitis, the other had none during 10 months of dialysis. Chronic home peritoneal dialysis was well tolerated in both infants.
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PMID:Home peritoneal dialysis during infancy. 723 66

Three immigrant patients are described with diffuse interstitial renal tuberculosis. Two had associated pulmonary tuberculosis and the third had tuberculous peritonitis. Excretion urography gave no clue to the diagnosis. At the time of diagnosis by renal biopsy two patients had severe chronic renal failure. In one, renal impairment had progressed during the course of anti-tuberculous treatment. The third patient showed marked fluctuations in renal function, and improvement appeared to relate to concomitant corticosteroid therapy. The importance of this particular form of renal tuberculosis has not previously been emphasized.
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PMID:Diffuse interstitial renal tuberculosis--an unusual cause of renal failure. 730 15

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal diaglysis (CAPD) represents a new method for treatment of chronic renal failure whereby patients carry two litres of dialysate with them permanently and are freely mobile. Dialysis is only interrupted by exchange of dialysate in approximately 6-hourly intervals. Due to the long presence of the dialysate in the peritoneal cavity clearance values are superior to intermittent peritoneal dialysis for small-molecular substances and reach elimination values of haemofiltration for medium-molecular substances. The main technical requirements consist of a permanent peritoneal dialysis catheter linked to a plastic dialysate bag by way of a connecting tube. In order to avoid frequent change of bag and thus increased risk of peritonitis bags are folded and carried on the body of the patient during the interval. Thereafter the bag is unfolded, filled with used dialysate and exchanged for a new bag. Six patients were thus treated for over 34 patient-months so far. Changes of chemical pathology were readily acceptable. Even though CAPD has several advantages over conventional dialysis as they are mainly founded on the high degree of rehabilitation of patients, risk of peritonitis is still a considerable factor of uncertainty.
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PMID:[First observations with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (author's transl)]. 735 11

Peritoneal dialysis is becoming increasingly accepted as a definitive treatment for chronic renal failure. One of its major complications is peritonitis. Ultraviolet light is known to have a bactericidal action. A photochemical reactor is described which produces ultraviolet light and which can be inserted into a peritoneal dialysis circuit. It was initially successful tested on artificially infected peritoneal dialysis fluid in the laboratory. It was then used successfully in clinical peritoneal dialysis.
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PMID:A simple method of lessening the incidence of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis using a photochemical reactor. 740 54


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