Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0031154 (peritonitis)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From February 1980 to February 1983, 55 patients with chronic renal failure were put on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Eighty-four episodes of peritonitis occurred., i.e one episode every 9.9 months of treatment. Since staphylococci accounted for 58% of the germs identified, intraperitoneal therapy with a penicillin M was instituted while dialysis was continued through chambers. Cure was obtained in 85.7% of all episodes, either with the penicillin M alone (57% of the cases) or after adjustment of the antibiotic therapy to bacteriological results (28.6% of the cases). Dialysis was discontinued in 10 patients (18%) on account of the peritonitis. The duration of hospital stay for peritonitis was 3.6 days per patient per year. These results were compared with those obtained by other groups. The advantages of penicillin M are its ease of administration, its narrow spectrum and high activity against the pathogens most commonly encountered, and its very low toxicity.
 ...
PMID:[Peritonitis in renal failure patients treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Treatment by intraperitoneal administration of a group M penicillin]. 316 Oct 46

Considerable controversy exists about the wisdom of primary anastomosis after resection of the unprepared right colon. We reviewed the records of 70 patients who had undergone colon resection with primary anastomosis in emergency and elective situations. One group consisted of 50 patients who underwent nonemergent colon resection after standard mechanical and antibiotic bowel preparation (prepared). The second group consisted of 20 patients who underwent resection of the right colon on an emergent basis without benefit of bowel preparation (unprepared). Risk factors (steroid dependence, peritonitis, previous radiation, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure) and complications were analyzed for each group. Statistical analysis demonstrated the following: (a) the incidence of total complications was greater in the unprepared group (p = 0.04), (b) there was an increased incidence of anastomotic disruption in the unprepared group (p = 0.02), and (c) a significant relationship existed (p = 0.005) between the presence of one or more risk factors and the development of complications after surgery in the unprepared group, indicating that in the absence of risk factors a successful outcome could be anticipated with primary anastomosis. Based on data from this study, our conclusions are twofold. First, in the presence of one or more risk factors, primary anastomosis after resection of unprepared right colon should not be attempted. Second, in any situation in which there are no risk factors, primary anastomosis of the unprepared right colon would be expected to achieve similar results as with prepared bowel.
 ...
PMID:An evaluation of results of colon anastomosis in prepared and unprepared bowel. 323 Feb 79

During the past five years, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) has become recognized as a major form of therapy for end-stage renal disease. Despite continued advances, peritonitis remains a major limiting factor in the widespread application of CAPD. The pathogenesis of CAPD peritonitis is strikingly different from that of surgical peritonitis. Not only are the sources of infection and the microbiologic findings dissimilar, but the severity of infection is markedly different. Moreover, in CAPD peritonitis, both biofilms (extracellular slime substances) associated with microbial growth on the implanted silicone catheter and compromised local defenses (depletion of opsonins and intracellular survival of certain microorganisms) are of pathogenic importance. Once the diagnosis of peritonitis is suspected, therapy should be instituted immediately. However, the optimal antibiotic regimen and the best route, dose, and duration of antibiotic administration remain unknown because of a paucity of randomized, controlled studies. New approaches to the prevention and treatment of CAPD peritonitis are being evaluated; if this infection can be successfully managed, CAPD promises to become increasingly popular for the treatment of chronic renal failure.
 ...
PMID:Current concepts in the management of peritonitis in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 329 39

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is of proven value in the treatment of many patients with chronic renal failure. Infective peritonitis remains the major complication of this form of therapy and repeated infections may result in catheter removal and conversion to haemodialysis. The most appropriate antibiotic treatment, the duration and route of administration are still areas of investigation. The aim of this paper is to discuss the diagnosis, management and prevention of peritonitis in CAPD.
 ...
PMID:[Infectious complications of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis]. 333 Nov 57

We report a 53 year old man with chronic renal failure on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Following eight episodes of severe peritonitis over a 2 year period, he died and was found to have widespread AA amyloid at post-mortem.
 ...
PMID:Amyloidosis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 342 75

The efficacy and systemic absorption of netilmicin following intraperitoneal instillation were studied during ten episodes of clinical peritonitis in chronic renal failure patients managed by CAPD. Episodes were unselected for sensitivity of microorganism in vitro to netilmicin. Five subjects studied as inpatients had sequential dialysate and frequent plasma samples assayed for netilimicin up to 110 hours of therapy. Five patients who managed their peritonitis at home had dialysate and plasma netilmicin levels estimated at two and six days. In a dose of 10 mg/l, netilmicin was curative in the majority of patients (70%). Toxic blood levels were not found. Experience with netilmicin compared favourably with that observed in eight consecutive episodes of outpatient peritonitis managed with intraperitoneal cefamandole, the first line treatment for CAPD peritonitis in our unit (75% cure). No side effects were recorded with either agent. We conclude that netilmicin can be used effectively in the majority of microbiologically undifferentiated episodes of CAPD peritonitis, including in the home setting.
 ...
PMID:Netilmicin in the treatment of clinical peritonitis in chronic renal failure patients managed by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 345 Nov 6

Ninety-two microbiologically documented staphylococcal infections were treated with cefamandole in an open comparative study on the clinical efficacy of this cephalosporin in the therapy of infections caused by both methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. The majority of the episodes (86 of 92) were treated with cefamandole alone, and six were treated with cefamandole in association with other antibiotics. In the evaluable S. aureus infections, 34 of 46 (73.9%) due to methicillin-susceptible strains and 12 of 16 (75%) due to methicillin-resistant strains responded to therapy. In particular, among the patients infected by methicillin-susceptible S. aureus 6 of 9 cases of septicemia, 0 of 2 cases of endocarditis, 2 of 2 cases of pneumonia, 2 of 3 osteoarticular infections, 8 of 12 cases of peritonitis in patients with chronic renal failure in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), 13 of 15 skin-soft tissue infections, and 3 of 3 urinary tract infections responded to therapy. Among those due to methicillin-resistant strains, cure was achieved in 2 of 4 cases of septicemia, 0 of 1 case of endocarditis, 9 of 10 skin-soft tissue infections, and 1 of 1 urinary tract infection. In the evaluable infections caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci, 9 of 11 (81.8%) due to methicillin-susceptible and 15 of 17 (88.2%) due to methicillin-resistant strains responded to therapy. In particular, among patients infected by methicillin-susceptible, coagulase-negative staphylococci, 4 of 4 cases of septicemia, 0 of 1 case of endocarditis, 1 of 1 case of pneumonia, 1 of 1 case of peritonitis in CAPD, 2 of 3 infections of skin-soft tissue, and 1 of 1 urinary tract infection responded to therapy. Among patients infected by methicillin-resistant, coagulase-negative staphylococci were cured 5 of 6 cases os septicemia, 6 of 6 cases of peritonitis (in CAPD), 4 of 4 infections of skin-soft tissue, and 0 of 1 urinary tract infection.
 ...
PMID:Clinical comparative study on the activity of cefamandole in the treatment of serious staphylococcal infections caused by methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant strains. 363 66

Infection often complicates renal failure and frequently causes death, but the association between renal failure, impaired immunity and infection has not been proved. A recent study showed that patients on dialysis did not show an expected leucocytic response to infection, suggesting that the blunted response was evidence of the immunocompromised state of the uraemic patient. In this study, the relationship between leucocytic responses and infectious challenge was investigated in an animal model of chronic renal failure. Bacteraemia, peritonitis and a chronic lung infection were induced in normal and uraemic rats; the leucocytic response was then monitored. In all three infections, the total white blood cell response was significantly less in the uraemic animals. Neutrophil numbers actually increased, but this response was disguised by a pronounced depression in lymphocyte numbers. Our conclusion is that, although the leucocytic response of the uraemic host to infection may be depressed, the changes to individual leucocyte components in the peripheral blood are sufficiently characteristic to provide useful evidence of infection.
 ...
PMID:Host immune status in uraemia. VI. Leucocytic response to bacterial infection in chronic renal failure. 388 87

To clarify long-term prognosis and risk factors of IgA nephropathy, 205 patients with the disease were followed up for a period of 1 to 22 years with a mean of 7.9 years. According to the percentage of glomeruli involved with extracapillary lesions (ECL), which were defined by crescents and fibrous adhesion of glomerular tufts to Bowman's capsule, the patients were divided into four groups: group 1-absence of ECL; group 2-less than 25%; group 3-25-50%; group 4-more than 50%. During the follow-up period, 26 patients progressed to chronic renal failure requiring hemodialysis, and one patient died of acute peritonitis. The actuarial kidney survival rate was 90.4% for 5 years and 86.0% for 10 years. Ten-year survival rates were 100% in group 1, 94.3% in group 2, 81.8% in group 3 and 25.5% in group 4. Re-biopsy specimens, observed in 31 patients after intervals of 1.4 to 13.4 years, revealed an increase of ECL in 20 patients concomitant with an apparent reduction of renal function in 13, whereas in the other 11 patients with no increase, renal function remained unchanged. These results strongly suggest that ECL plays an important role in the progression of IgA nephropathy, and renal function could be impaired by repeated formation and accumulation of these lesions.
 ...
PMID:Participation of extracapillary lesions (ECL) in progression of IgA nephropathy. 395 7

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is, next to conventional home dialysis, a world-wide method of treating chronic renal failure. This is the report of clinical experience of 34 CAPD patients who, from October 1978 to the end of 1983, had undergone 642 treatment months. The incidence of peritonitis after introduction of a new connector system in 1983 was reduced to 1 per 46 CAPD treatment months. In only 7 patients was it necessary to discontinue CAPD for reasons connected with the type of dialysis. No patient requested discontinuance of CAPD. Suitable bag and tube materials, adequate space, and well trained personnel are decisive for a successful CAPD programme, in addition to careful selection of patients. The latter aims at optimal patient motivation for the treatment method which, in principle, is more cost effective than home dialysis. In so far as patients fulfil the requirements for home dialysis they can be excellently rehabilitated.
 ...
PMID:[Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 5-year clinical experience]. 396 2


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>