Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0031154 (peritonitis)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a prospective study of intraperitoneal opsonins in 30 patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), the IgG concentration, the fibronectin concentration, the specific antistaphylococcal antibody level, and the opsonic activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis were measured in peritoneal dialysis effluent from the initiation of CAPD and monthly for 6 months. Significant correlation was found between the four assays, but the interindividual and intraindividual variations were considerable. No statistically significant correlation was observed between susceptibility of the patients to CAPD-related infectious peritonitis and any of the above-mentioned parameters of humoral defense. We conclude that at the present time it is not feasible to use these assays for the establishment of prognosis with regard to peritonitis in CAPD.
 ...
PMID:Specific opsonic activity for staphylococci in peritoneal dialysis effluent during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 141 6

In 6 patients (PTS) treated with SPD for 369 patient weeks (ptw) we evaluated the influence of three intraperitoneal SI on the IgG concentration in the PE. The concentration of IgG was checked before, on 1-st, 3-rd day 2-nd and 3-rd week after SI. In the course of the following 229 ptw, we observed three episodes of peritonitis (PN) in two pts, while in the control period of 140 ptw no PN occurred. The concentrations in PE of opsonins (IgG, C3 complement, fibronectin) at the start of SPD shoved enormous individual differences and did not correlate with occurrence of PN in the follow-up. Intraperitoneal SI caused significant increase of IgG in PE, but only to the third day after infusion. Our preliminary results do not confirm the protective effect of intraperitoneal SI on occurrence of PN in SPD patients.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of intraperitoneal administration of sandoglobulin on peritoneal fluid IgG level in patients treated by standard peritoneal dialysis (SPD)]. 164 61

The authors investigated some immunologic parameters in 17 patients treated with CAPD during 11.0 +/- 6.8 months. There were no disturbances in humoral immunity. In cell-mediated immunity we observed only skin anergy specially in patients with high peritonitis rate. In this group we observed lower concentration of IgG, C3 complement and fibronectin in peritoneal effluent.
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of various immunologic parameters in patients treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)]. 177 96

124 stable CAPD patients from 8 Australian and 3 New Zealand centers were randomly assigned in a blinded fashion to one of two groups to study the effect of vaccination using commercial preparations consisting of a combined staphylococcus toxoid and whole killed staphylococci (SB) or normal saline solution (SS) on the incidence of peritonitis and exit site infection and S. aureus nasal carriage over a 12-month prospective period. In addition, levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, C3 and C4 were monitored during the trial period in serum and dialysate; serum levels of anti-alpha hemolysin and dialysate levels of fibronectin and specific antistaphylococcal antibodies were also measured. Over the period, treatment with SB or SS did not affect the incidence of peritonitis, catheter-related infection or S. aureus nasal carriage. However, vaccination with SB elicited a significant increase in the level of serum anti-alpha hemolysin throughout the 12 month duration of the study, although the level of increase was unrelated to the subsequent rate of peritonitis. Vaccination with SB but not SS elicited a significant increase in the dialysate level of specific antibodies against S. aureus. Serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, complement C3 and C4 were within the normal range in the CAPD patients studied and remained unaffected by vaccination with SB. In addition, dialysate levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, complement C3 and C4 were 50-100 times lower than corresponding serum levels and remained unaffected by vaccination. In summary, immunisation with an anti-staphylococcal agent was not successful in reducing peritonitis or exit site infection in CAPD patients.
 ...
PMID:Vaccination for prevention of CAPD associated staphylococcal infection: results of a prospective multicentre clinical trial. 185 27

We studied prospectively the ascitic fluid of 47 patients. Thirty-five were cirrhotics (group A) and 12 had malignant peritonitis (group B). All ascitic fluid samples were initially uninfected. We measured opsonic activity by a chemiluminescent assay, and chemoattractant activity by the under agarose technique. We also measured ascitic concentrations of C3, C4, fibronectin, C-reactive protein, immunoglobulins G, A and M and total proteins. All patients were followed throughout the presence of ascites. None of the group B patients developed peritoneal infection, nor did 23 of the group A patients (group A2). Twelve group A patients (group A1) developed spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), four of them with recurrence. All indices except immunoglobulins A and M were significantly different between group A and group B patients. Comparing group A1 and group A2, only chemoattractant activity and concentrations of total proteins and C3 were significantly lower in group A1. Using a multivariate analysis with Cox's model, only C3 concentration had an independent predictive value for occurrence of SBP in cirrhotic patients.
 ...
PMID:Chemoattractant and opsonic activity in ascitic fluid. A study in 47 patients with cirrhosis or malignant peritonitis. 200 75

Peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients due to S. aureus is associated with an adverse clinical outcome, suggesting impaired clearance of this organism by the host. The ability of peritoneal macrophages (PM0) derived from CAPD patients to take up S. aureus and mount a respiratory burst was investigated. Whilst significant activity was observed in the absence of opsonin, both parameters of phagocytosis were augmented by addition of 20% pooled human serum (PHS), complement-depleted PHS, and fibronectin. When used as sole opsonin, fibronectin resulted in a dose-related increase in chemiluminescent response by both blood neutrophils and PM0. The opsonic activity of dialysis effluent, as judged by neutrophil chemiluminescence, correlated with IgG and fibronectin content, but not with complement as assessed by C3 levels. The addition of urokinase to dialysate improved its opsonic properties whilst having no effect on the activity of PHS-20%; this would suggest that the formation of fibrin in dialysate, promoted by S. aureus, interferes with phagocytosis. This and the low IgG, complement and fibronectin levels in dialysate may explain in part the relatively poor clearance of this organism from the peritoneum.
 ...
PMID:Peritoneal defence mechanisms and Staphylococcus aureus in patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). 208 98

This study establishes a reproducible technique for the culture of human peritoneal mesothelial cells. Direct explants, as well as enzymatically degraded specimens, of human omentum have been used as the source of cells. Cells were grown on collagen and gelatin coated matrices and were maintained in supplemented Ham's F-12 medium containing 10% (vol/vol) Fetal calf serum. Morphologically and ultrastructurally, the cells formed a homogeneous population. They were polygonal when confluent and devoid of contaminating fibroblasts, endothelial cells and macrophages. Cultured mesothelial cells co-expressed cytokeratin and vimentin and synthesized laminin, fibronectin, mesosecrin, non-specific esterase and collagen Types I and III but not Type IV. Ultrastructural features included numerous surface microvilli, cytoplasmic vesicles and an abundant endoplasmic reticulum. The stimulation of mesothelial cells by the calcium ionophore A23187 demonstrated that the two major products of arachidonic acid metabolism were prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2. The peritoneal mesothelial cell may be pivotal in the initiation of the inflammatory response during peritonitis and its establishment in culture will provide the basis for an in vitro model of peritoneal inflammation.
 ...
PMID:Isolation, culture and characterization of human peritoneal mesothelial cells. 236 9

The high peritonitis rate of a subgroup of patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) may be due to alterations of peritoneal defense mechanisms, i.e. opsonization, phagocytosis and bacterial killing. It has been demonstrated that peritonitis incidence and in vitro opsonization of bacteria are related to the concentration of IgG in the dialysate and to the ability of macrophages to produce fibronectin. In addition, a decreased macrophage bactericidal activity is found in those with a high incidence of peritonitis; intracellular survival of microorganisms may, therefore, occur despite intact phagocytosis. A disturbance in the release of lymphokines and monokines in some CAPD patients may also reduce the ability of peritoneal macrophages to kill bacteria. On the basis of these defects, which involve both humoral and cellular defense mechanisms, it may be possible to treat these patients using IgG and interferon-alpha intraperitoneally.
 ...
PMID:Immunological defenses in CAPD. 266 33

During CAPD, the peritoneal cavity is submitted to situations such as the accidental bacterial contaminations and the continuous presence of dialysate, which stimulate immunological factors. The antibacterial defenses include opsonins and cells. Only IgG and fibronectin are present in the peritoneal effluent but they are diluted by the dialysate. Macrophages represent 70 to 80% of the peritoneal cells. Beside good phagocytic capacity, some may have a defective bactericidal activity. The continuous presence of dialysate leads to a chronic local inflammation. Macrophages and lymphocytes will synthesize IL-1, PGE2 and IFN-Y. These substances generate movement, attachment and proliferation of fibroblasts in the peritoneal submesothelial tissue, resulting in progressive fibrosis. This fibrosis, generally asymptomatic, may be responsible for loss of Ultrafiltration (UF) and Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis (SEP).
 ...
PMID:[Local immunologic reactions induced by CAPD]. 268 8

This study was carried out in order to find out which part of the peritoneal wall reacts toward silica and produces peritoneal fibrosis. Colloidal silica was injected into the peritoneal cavity of rats to induce chemical peritonitis and frozen sections of the peritoneal wall were stained with specific antibodies toward type I and III collagens and fibronectin. A massive proliferation of granulation tissue was observed between the submesothelial and muscular layers within 48 hr visualized by prominent fibronectin staining. Type III collagen formed lamellar-like structures in the newly formed granulation tissue. The connective tissue reaction was extended into the underlying muscular tissue. Three weeks after silica injection the reactive granulation tissue exceeded the original peritoneum three- to fourfold in thickness. At this stage it contained extended fibrillar structures oriented perpendicular to the surface or muscular layers of the peritoneum. Type I collagen antibody was bound to the superficial cell layer in the control samples and in the early peritonitis whereas the entire granulation tissue was evenly stained at 3 weeks. Type III collagen antibody was bound to the surface layer of the peritoneum, granulation tissue, and perimysial connective tissue throughout the healing period. The results indicate that the peritoneal fibrotic process occurs under the thin peritoneal lining cell layer and on the surface of the muscle layer.
 ...
PMID:Development of peritoneal fibrosis occurs under the mesothelial cell layer. 282 27


1 2 3 4 Next >>