Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0031154 (peritonitis)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A deceased 59-year-old woman with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus complicated by chronic thyroiditis and chronic hepatitis was autopsied. She had had diabetes mellitus since she was 30 years old, and insulin therapy was started at 34 years. Laboratory findings were as follows: s-GOT 85, s-GPT 31, gamma-globulin 2.45 g/dl. Immunological tests were positive for anti-smooth muscle antibody and anti-ENA antibody with high titers of antithyroglobulin and anti-microsome antibodies. HLA analysis revealed the presence of DR-4. The thyroid biopsy specimen showed microscopic features characteristic of chronic thyroiditis at 52 years of age. She had been repeatedly admitted for the control of diabetes mellitus. She was admitted for the 9th time in June, 1987 following complaints of abdominal pain. After admission, her general condition became gradually worse, and she died of peritonitis in September, 1987. Pathological examination of the liver revealed an expansion of fibrous tissue on Glisson's capsule accompanied by lymphocytic infiltration and was diagnosed to be chronic inactive hepatitis. As for the thyroid gland, fibrous tissue replaced an extensive area of the thyroid gland, and normal thyroid tissue was not observed. Lymphocytic infiltration was less in comparison with that in the previous biopsy. As for the pancreas, atrophy of exocrine pancreatic tissue and fibrous change in interstitial tissue was observed. Lymphocytic infiltration was also seen in the interstitial exocrine tissue but not in the islet. Immunohistochemical examination of the islets using anti-insulin, glucagon and somatostatin antibodies by ABC peroxidase method showed the selective disappearance of B cells in the islets. The pathological changes in the thyroid gland, liver and pancreas suggest that autoimmune mechanism may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic thyroiditis, chronic hepatitis and IDDM with exocrine pancreatic impairment in this case.
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PMID:[An autopsied case of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus complicated by chronic thyroiditis and chronic hepatitis]. 259 7

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and somatostatin were measured during endogenous gram-negative peritonitis and septicaemia in rats. Both peptides were found to increase in blood, but not in peritoneal fluid. The VIP values coincided with the levels of endotoxin and bacterial counts. However, if the development of profound shock was prevented by intravenous fluid supply, scarcely any changes in plasma VIP or somatostatin were found. Somatostatin is known to inhibit VIP. Our findings suggested breakdown of this regulatory inhibition in lethal gram-negative sepsis. They also supported the concept that specific release of the peptides takes place, not merely passive diffusion from injured cells.
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PMID:Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and somatostatin in experimental endogenous gram-negative peritonitis. 286 31

Small bowel cutaneous fistula appearing after laparotomy was treated with the tetradecapeptide somatostatin in six patients to reduce the volume and enzyme content of the intestinal secretion. Continuous intravenous infusion of somatostatin diminished output from the fistula in all cases. Spontaneous fistula closure occurred after 11 to 33 days of treatment in four patients. There were no complications such as sepsis, peritonitis, or wound or skin problems from the contact with intestinal secretion. The hospital stay ranged from 19 to 50 days and bowel function was restored to normal. These preliminary results indicated that somatostatin can promote healing of small bowel fistula by inhibiting intestinal secretions.
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PMID:Small bowel fistulas treated with somatostatin: preliminary results. 287 6

Rats were subjected to laparotomy, to pancreatectomy, to gastroenterectomy (control groups), or to these procedures plus a septic challenge by instillation of 0.1 ml feces intraperitoneally (experimental groups). In the laparotomized controls plasma somatostatin values were significantly higher in samples from the portal vein than from the upper inferior caval vein. After both pancreatectomy and gastroenterectomy a significant fall in plasma somatostatin values was observed, and there was no significant difference between samples taken from the portal vein and the systemic circulation. An intraperitoneal septic challenge elicited a significant rise in portal plasma somatostatin in laparotomized rats, whereas this increase did not occur in pancreatectomized and gastroenterectomized animals, supporting the notion that plasma somatostatin originates from the pancreas and/or the gastrointestinal tract during septic peritonitis. No differences were detected in plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) values in animals from the three control groups. However, both in laparotomized and in pancreatectomized septic animals a significant rise in plasma VIP was demonstrated in samples from the portal vein. By contrast, no such increase was observed in gastroenterectomized septic rats. Thus, the gastrointestinal tract seems to be the major source of circulating VIP during fecal peritonitis in the rat.
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PMID:The effect of pancreatectomy and gastroenterectomy on the release of somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in experimental fecal peritonitis. 289 71

Primary small cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis is rare. We report a case of combined small cell and transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis. The patient was a 78-year-old man with macrohematuria. He was diagnosed with right pelvic tumor by right retrograde pyelography and computerized tomography. A right radical nephroureterectomy was performed. Histological sections of the tumor showed a mixture of small cell and grade 2 transitional cell carcinoma. Positivity for Grimelius was noted in the small cell component. Masson-Fontana, chromogranin A, serotonin, keratin, leucocyte common antigen (LCA), neuron specific enolase (NSE), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), growth hormone (GH) and somatostatin were negative. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells were tightly packed and attached together by scattered desmosomes. There were no neurosecretory granules. Seven months after operation, the patient died with peritonitis carcinomatosa. At autopsy, a metastatic tumor was found in the liver and retroperitoneal lymph node. Other organs were not involved. Especially, there were no abnormalities in the lungs.
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PMID:[Combined small cell and transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis: a case report]. 790 May 68

A psammomatous endocrine tumor of the duodenum associated with a perforated duodenal ulcer, acute diffuse peritonitis and multiple organ failure is described. Histologic evaluation of the tumor shows a mixed pattern, with solid and glandular structures. Immunohistochemical stains further show cytoplasmic storage of gastrin and somatostatin. Apical CEA staining is also demonstrated in glandular areas of the tumor.
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PMID:[Duodenal endocrine tumor associated with ulcerous perforation]. 818 13

Degos' disease (malignant atrophic papulosis) is a rare, progressive, small- and medium-size arterial occluding disease, leading to tissue infarction and initially involving the skin. We report a case with bowel involvement followed by enterocutaneous fistulae. Diagnostic laparoscopy with jejunal biopsy was followed by jejunal perforations, peritonitis, and fistulae leading to death after a 4-month course in the intensive care unit. The usual treatment of enterocutaneous fistula by somatostatin and parenteral nutrition was ineffective in this case. The course of the disease in our patient was not usual, as can be seen in a literature review underlining the specific features of Degos' disease. Laparoscopy and bowel biopsy should be avoided in this context. Degos' disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a primary ulceration of the small intestine.
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PMID:Small bowel fistulae in Degos' disease: a case report and literature review. 885 50

All horses undergoing coeliotomy for an acute abdominal crisis are at risk of developing ileus and should receive therapy aimed at promoting gastrointestinal function by restoring fluid and electrolyte balance. Adequate analgesia and prevention against peritonitis, bacteraemia and endotoxaemia should be provided. Horses that at the time of surgery have a strangulating or non-strangulating small intestinal obstruction should be considered to be at greater risk of developing a persistent ileus that is refractory to treatment than those horses with lesions involving the large intestine. In horses considered to be at greater risk of developing a persistent ileus, the use of prokinetic agents should be considered. Agents that may be used to improve gastrointestinal motility include adrenergic receptor antagonists, cholinergic agonists, benzamides, dopamine antagonists, macrolide antimicrobials, opiate receptor agonists and antagonists, somatostatin analogues and local anaesthetics. There are limited studies into the use of these agents in the horse. Until further research provides more information on motility disorders following intestinal surgery and the efficacy of prokinetic agents in this species, only selective use of some of these drugs can be recommended.
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PMID:Role of prokinetic drugs for treatment of postoperative ileus in the horse. 957 63

Cushing's syndrome (CS) in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is rare. Only 50 cases have been reported. We report 10 cases of MTC with ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent syndrome (EAS), analyzed retrospectively. Among 1640 patients with MTC, 13 developed EAS (0.7%). In 10 patients CS could unequivoqually be related to MTC (0.6%). CS was always clinically obvious. It revealed MTC in 3 cases and followed diagnosis by an average of 34.5 months in the others. Metastases were often present at diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry with ACTH antibodies was positive in one case. Diagnosis of ectopic CS was established according to clinical and biologic features, and absence of corticotropic adenoma as well as parallel evolution between tumor and CS. Therapy was medical and surgical: anticortisolic drugs alone or in association with somatostatin analogue, somatostatin analogue alone, and bilateral adrenalectomy. Eight patients died within 2 to 30 months, 4 of hypercortisolism complications (3 peritonitis and 1 hypokalaemia), 4 of MTC progression. EAS is a rare complication of MTC. The prognosis is poor because of frequency of metastasis at diagnosis. Persistent hypercortisolism can, by itself, lead to death, and has to be treated specifically.
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PMID:Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone-syndrome in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid: a retrospective analysis and review of the literature. 1602 31

Chylous ascites, a rare complication in patients receiving continuous peritoneal dialysis, often presents with turbid dialysate. This characteristic makes it frequently confused with peritonitis. Conservative treatments including bowel rest and dietary intervention with medium chain triglycerides are advised by many authors in the literature. However, this approach usually takes a long time before the lymphorrhagia are eventually resolved. Here, a case of chylous ascites that was successfully treated with subcutaneous octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, is reported. By shortening the bowel rest period, this treatment avoids the nutritional and immunological adverse effects. A series of peritoneal equilibrium tests were performed after administration of octreotide and the results showed that octreotide did not alter the peritoneal function in the short term. Therefore, subcutaneous octreotide administration is a safe and effective therapy in peritoneal dialysis patient with chylous ascites.
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PMID:Octreotide therapy for chylous ascites in a chronic dialysis patient. 1610 79


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