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Query: UMLS:C0031154 (peritonitis)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors compared three groups of subjects: - the first group (11 patients) : re-operated for post-operative peritonitis; - the second group (6 patients) : re-operated for evisceration without any underlying lesion; - the third group (8 patients) : non-reoperated, complicated abdominal surgery. Study of the different laboratory parameters helped to identify a number of changes which could plead in favor of reintervention, in the group of peritonitis. Among these modifications, the progressive fall in the urinary Na/K ratio and the negativity of the nitrogen balance appear to play a privileged role.
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PMID:[Postoperative peritonitis. Use of metabolic disorders as criteria for reoperations]. 0 51

The problem of sufficient nitrogen and caloric supply for surgical patients with pronounced protein catabolism under the working conditions of a surgical department in a developing country is discussed. The authors report good success with Vivonex in the postoperative nutrition of patients with a small bowel perforation with typhoid fever and of patients with diffuse peritonitis following a perforated appendix. Vivonex proved its usefulness also in the alimentation of patients with tropical myositis and extensive burns.
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PMID:Management of surgical nutritional complications in developing countries. 81 Apr 35

The present study shows that appendicitis and its associated peritoneal inflammation produce microscopic and biochemical changes in the peritoneal membrane. With increasing age, the peritoneal concentrations of DNA, RNA, nitrogen, hydroxyproline, and uronic acids seemed to decrease. In general the greatest chemical changes were observed in younger age groups between the control and peritonitis patients. The amounts of DNA and RNA reflecting the cellularity of the peritoneum were affected most clearly. The location of the appendicular process and the severity of the disease markedly influenced the chemical composition of the peritoneum, whereas the duration of the disease appeared to have no effect on the results. In peritonitis, the concentrations of uronic acids and non-collagenous nitrogen increased markecly, while the concentrations of hydroxyproline and the hydroxyproline/nitrogen ratio decreased. Meseneric lymphadenitis produced no significant changes in the biochemical parameters.
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PMID:Peritoneal reaction in acute appendicitis. A biochemical study. 98 55

The authors present an analysis of the results of complex treatment in 4318 patients operated upon for acute peritonitis, caused by acute appendicitis, perforating gastric and duodenal ulcers, acute cholecystitis, ruptures and perforations of the intestine and other surgical and gynecological diseases. Patients with diffuse purulent peritonitis showed marked disorders in protein-aminoacid, nitrogen, and water electrolyte metabolism, acid-base balance, a reduced nonspecific immune responsiveness of the organism. Therpeutic tactics was delineated taking into account the revealed changes.
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PMID:[Some aspects of the complex treatment of acute suppurative perionitis]. 101 21

Recent evidence suggests that pentoxifylline (PTX) may be useful in the treatment of sepsis. We examined effects of PTX in a conscious swine model of sepsis. Yucatan minipigs (20-30 kg) were anesthetized and instrumented with catheters in the vena cava, aortic arch, pulmonary artery (Swan-Ganz thermodilution catheter), and peritoneum. Twenty-four hours after surgery, sepsis was induced by intraperitoneal (ip) injection of Escherichia coli bacteria (2 x 10(10) cfu/kg). Nonseptic pigs received intraperitoneal saline (5 ml/kg). PTX treatment (3 mg/kg/hr, iv; 1 mg/ml in 0.9% saline) and maintenance fluid (5 ml/kg/hr, iv) were started with bacterial infusion. An additional 60 cc/kg 0.9% saline bolus was administered iv at 1 hr. Pigs were monitored before and 1, 2, 5, and 24 hr after bacterial injection. Intraperitoneal injection of bacteria led to significant reductions in blood pressure and cardiac output and elevations in pulmonary wedge pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. These effects were attenuated by PTX treatment. All septic animals demonstrated elevated creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, circulating endotoxin (LPS), and tumor necrosis factor concentrations, reductions in white blood cell and platelet counts, and peritonitis. None of these responses was altered by PTX treatment. We conclude that PTX may prove to be a useful therapeutic tool in the early treatment of septic shock but is limited in the scope of its effects.
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PMID:Pentoxifylline treatment of sepsis in conscious Yucatan minipigs. 144 87

Adequacy of CAPD has not been established. The recommendation is a Kt/V (K, total urea clearance in ml/min; t. time in minutes on dialysis; and V, total body water which is the volume of distribution of urea) greater than 1.5/week and/or a creatinine clearance (residual + dialysis) greater than 40 l/week/1.73 m2. We followed 20 CAPD patients for 38.6 +/- 28 mo. We measured blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, body weight, residual renal function (Kr), normalized protein catabolic rate (NPCR), Kt/V/week and creatinine clearance (CC) l/w/1.73 m2. We obtained the following values: B Wt 72 +/- 16 kg, BUN 56 +/- 13 mg/dl, s. Cr. 12.6 +/- 5 mg/dl, Kr 0.6 +/- 1 ml/min, NPCR 0.84 +/- 0.3 g/kg/day, Kt/V/week 1.8 +/- 0.3 and CC 50.4 +/- 10 l/w/1.73 m2. Patients dialyzed with a wide range of prescription. There was a good correlation between Kt/V and CC. There was no correlation between the dialysis prescription changes in weight and biochemical determinations. There was a direct correlation between Kt/V and NPCR: patients who were dialyzed more eat more. Of the 20 patients, 10 had 24 hospitalizations, and of these were 12 due to peritonitis. Dialysis prescription and biochemical findings of these patients did not differ significantly from nonhospitalized patients. Larger prospective studies are necessary to determine the adequate range of CAPD prescription and its relationship to morbidity and mortality.
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PMID:Evaluation of CAPD prescription. 168 Apr 55

Infection is detrimental to growth, making it a serious problem for both humans and animals. To explore factors responsible for the restoration of tissue protein stores following infection, we developed a model of Escherichia coli infection suitable for studies of protein metabolism in growing animals. Weanling female Sprague-Dawley rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of E coli (approximately 10(9) colony forming units [CFU]/kg body weight); control rats were injected with vehicle alone. Two days later, infected rats had lower (P less than .05) body weight (-11%), food intake (-49%), daily nitrogen balance (-64%), and lower protein mass of gastrocnemius muscle (-21%), tibialis anterior muscle (-23%), gastrointestinal tract (-15%), skin (-16%), and carcass (14%), compared with control rats. There was complete catch-up in terms of body weight, cumulative nitrogen balance, and carcass and tissue protein masses within 3 weeks of infection. Catch-up was achieved predominantly by increasing (P less than .05) the apparent nitrogen digestibility of the diet, thereby increasing the amount of nitrogen available to the body. Food intake did not increase and urinary nitrogen did not decrease during catch-up growth. E coli peritonitis in weanling rats provides a simple and useful model for the study of the effects of infection on growth and protein metabolism in growing animals.
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PMID:Catch-up growth following Escherichia coli infection in weanling rats. 173 44

Lower-than-normal tyrosine concentrations of unexplained pathogenesis in plasma and intracellular body water have been reported in patients with chronic renal failure. We found a derivative of tyrosine that is not measured by the usual methods of amino-acid analysis because its alpha-amino group is blocked and cannot react to form other derivatives. An in vivo covalent reaction with urea-derived cyanate forms alpha-amino-carbamoyl-tyrosine (N-C-Tyr) in patients with end-stage renal disease. A longitudinal study of patients with end-stage renal disease who were treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis shows that plasma that is obtained within 4 hours of the morning meal contains 70.1 +/- 6 mumol/L of tyrosine (mean +/- SEM) and 77.2 +/- 12 mumol/L of N-C-Tyr (mean +/- SEM). Thus there is a molecule of N-C-Tyr for each molecule of tyrosine present. The carbamoylation index or ratio of N-C-Tyr to tyrosine, blood urea nitrogen, episodes of peritonitis, and changes in dialysis protocol were compared. A reduction in the number of peritoneal dialysis exchanges resulted in parallel increases in carbamoylation index and blood urea nitrogen. Altering dialysis by increasing the number of exchanges or adding supplemental hemodialysis resulted in a decrease in the carbamoylation index with a delayed decrease in blood urea nitrogen. We found a significant increase of N-C-Tyr (p = 0.005) and of the carbamoylation index (p = 0.004) during six episodes of peritonitis compared with 10 periods of no peritonitis in two patients who had multiple episodes of peritonitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Tyrosine and N-carbamoyl-tyrosine in end-stage renal disease during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 174 4

We carried out total and prolonged peritoneal nutrition (PN) in a group of healthy dogs and in another group that had previously undergone an 80% resection of the small intestine. A third group of animals underwent the same operation but did not receive intraperitoneal nutrition, as they formed the control group. A nutritive mixture was used, composed of glucose fat emulsion, aminoacids, ions, trace elements, insulin and vitamins. The caloric rate was 45 kcal/kg/day. Peritoneal nutrition lasted 30 days. Periodical clinical controls were made for biochemical, hematological, microbiological and histopathological analyses. We found two episodes of peritonitis out of a total of 19 dogs subjected to PN. Hyper- and hypoglycemia occurred in the animals with PN and that had not undergone intestinal resection there were also increases in triglyceride, free fatty acid and cholesterol levels as well as a reduction of albumin. We observed a greater decrease in albumin and urea nitrogen and a greater weight loss in the animals underwent intestinal resection. The quantity absorbed was greater than 95% of the volume infused over the four week period. In all the animals subjected to PN we found hyperplasia and phagocytic phenomena in the peritoneal mesothelium cells after 30 days of peritoneal nutrition, symptoms which disappeared one month after this kind of nutrition was stopped.
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PMID:Long term peritoneal nutrition in dogs, both normal and after intestinal resection. 177 21

The onset of a protein-energy malnutrition represents a real risk for patients on CAPD. In order to verify the nutritional status and the effectiveness of the dietetic surveillance in preventing this complication, dietary intake, anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters were monitored in 46 patients (27 males, 19 females, mean age: 58.7 +/- 14.8 years), suffering from ESRF and treated with CAPD, for a total observation period of 1731.67 months (mean: 37.64 +/- 25.17 months). The mean glucose concentration in the dialysate was 2.00 +/- 0.36 g/dl, the glucose reabsorption from dialysate per kg of ideal body weight (kg-IBW) was equivalent to 5.1 kcal, the mean dialysate protein loss was 13.08 +/- 5.52 g/day and the incidence of peritonitis episodes was 1 every 30.38 months-patient. The daily total caloric intake (by mouth and dialysate) was 30.8 kcal/kg-IBW with a normal subdivision for each diet component: there were not statistically significant differences in distribution according to age, sex and in the follow-up. The mean daily value of protein intake (PI) evaluated by dietary interviews was 0.99 g/kg-IBW, with a significant increase 1 year since the beginning of CAPD; the PI evaluated from urea nitrogen appearance was 1.22 g/kg-IBW. The PI remained stable later in the follow-up and in patients that made use of dietetic supplements, the mean daily increase by this way was 0.47 g/kg-IBW. Anthropometric measurements showed a statistically significant increase of %RBW after 1 year and of TS and % body fat after 3 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Evaluation of nutritional status in a group of patients undergoing CAPD]. 181 47


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