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Query: UMLS:C0031154 (peritonitis)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 27 patients with peritonitis who were considered to have poor prognoses were treated with a continuing peritoneal lavage of 1.5% Dianeal containing gentamicin sulfate, cephalothin sodium, and lincomycin. Twenty-one patients survived (78%), and only two patients developed intraperitoneal abscesses. The major benefit was found in those patients with gross peritoneal contamination. Anastomotic integrity was not affected by the lavage.
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PMID:Continuing peritoneal lavage in high-risk peritonitis. 45 69

Severe bacterial infections accompanying conditions during childhood which demand for surgical intervention mostly are caused by Staph. aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella/Aerobacter or Ps. aeruginosa. 20 patients, 10 of them suffering from a putrid peritonitis, showed a good efficacy of Optocillin (Bay 1-1330), a combination of 6-((R)-2-[3-methylsulfonyl-2-oxo-imidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenyl-acetamido)-penicillanic acid sodium salt (mezlocillin, Baypen) and 5-methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolylpenicillin (oxacillin, Stapenor), in 85%. Bacteria were eliminated in 79%.
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PMID:[Experience with the combination mezlocillin/oxacillin in severe bacterial infections in a children's surgical ward (author's transl)]. 54 15

The technique of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis was evaluated in nine patients during 136 patient weeks. The major objectives were to see if continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis would provide [1] acceptable control of serum chemistries by usual criteria, [2] adequate removal of sodium and water, [3] tolerable protein losses, and [4] a low prevalence of peritonitis with episodes responsive to therapy with continuing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Preliminary findings suggest continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis represents an effective ambulatory, portable, internal dialysis technique. Larger-solute clearances per week may approach values six times greater than with most hemodialysis techniques. Small-solute clearances approach dialysate flow rate (8.3 ml/min) and are comparable to other dialysis techniques on a weekly basis. Edema is readily controlled and protein losses should be tolerable with adequate protein intake. Peritonitus occurs on the average every 10 weeks but responds to therapy promptly with continuing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. If the prevalence of peritonitis can be reduced, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis appears to represent a very attractive dialysis technique.
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PMID:Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 63 23

At the end of her menstruation a 25 years old woman develops acute pain in her right lower and upper abdomen radiating into the right shoulder. There are pains during breathing, coughing, and changing of position, vomitus, and local signs of peritonitis in the right lower and upper abdomen, subicterus and leucocytosis. Gonococci in the cervical smear are demonstrated by Grams stain and by culture. Two days after treatment with 3,5 millions IU of penicillin G sodium and 500.000 IU procaine penicillin per day the complaints disappeared. The demonstrated signs and symptoms are characteristic for acute perihepatitis gonorrhoica which seems to occur more often as a complication of gonococcal adnexitis than is suspected. The symptoms are so typical that the diagnosis can be made also without confirmation by laparascopy.
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PMID:[Clinical diagnosis of acute gonorrhic perihepatitis]. 65 2

Six patients with chronic uremia in whom ascites developed during maintenance hemodialysis are described. Their clinical and biochemical findings are reviewed and compared with data of 10 hemodialyzed patients without ascites. Liver cirrhosis was the origin of ascites in only one case. Hypoalbuminemia, liver cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, peritonitis, peritoneal tuberculosis and carcinomatosis were uniformly absent in the other patients. Long-term and marked overhydration seems to be at the origin of ascites. Lack of peripheral edema, probably due to ascites compartmentalization, was a constant finding in every noncirrhotic patient with ascites. When long-term overhydration was stopped after successful kidney transplantation or by means of diminished water and salt ingestion, reversal of the syndrome was attained. Nevertheless, ascites because of liver cirrhosis was not influenced by means of kidney transplantation. In three patients with ascites who did not receive a transplant, a significant reduction in water and salt ingestion was reached after intensive psychotherapy which led to reversal of the ascitic syndrome. In one anephric patient ascites did not develop despite water overloading. Survival has not been influenced by the formation of ascites. Further research is needed to determine the mechanism of sodium transfer across the peritoneal membrane. Influence of humoral factors can be considered, if an active transport mechanism could be demonstrated.
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PMID:Ascites in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Report of six cases and physiopathologic approach. 78 11

Commercially available surgical gloves contain a derivative of cornstarch and peritonitis induced by particles of starch shed from gloves can be a serious complication of abdominal surgery. Five documented and two suspected cases of this condition are known to have occurred at this institution during a recent 12-month period, when 4,965 intra-abdominal procedures were performed. Clinical features included fever, migratory abdominal pain, and ileus. Treatment with corticosteroids proved effective. Studies of the effectiveness of operating room precautions used to eliminate starch contamination indicated that these precautions do not eliminate the problem completely. Preliminary experience with the use of sodium bicarbonate as a substitute for cornstarch derivatives to "lubricate" surgical gloves has proved promising in eliminating the hazard of starch peritonitis.
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PMID:Starch peritonitis and its prevention. 84 52

The long-term effects of neutralized dialysate used in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) were evaluated in 8 well-controlled patients. Twelve milliliters of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate was added to Dianeal PD-1 immediately before every administration. The final pH was 6.8 and the concentration of sodium bicarbonate was 6 mmol/l. The final sodium level was 138 mEq/l. This dialysate was used for 5 months. For 2 months before and 3 months after this period, Dianeal PD-2 was used as the dialysate for comparison. Blood bicarbonate levels significantly improved during the use of the neutralized dialysate. Blood sodium, chloride and magnesium levels and the effluent volume significantly increased. Sodium balance improved during the period when neutralized dialysate was used. Total leukocyte counts in the effluent decreased, and leukocyte viability increased. Abdominal distention, abdominal pain during instillation, nausea and headache improved. No side effects, including peritonitis, occurred during the trial of neutralized dialysate. The results suggest that this dialysate was less irritating to the peritoneal membrane than the control dialysate and that the therapeutic effects were satisfactory.
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PMID:Clinical effects of long-term use of neutralized dialysate for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 156 85

The main features of the Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS), a complication of neuroleptic therapy, are fever, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction, and an alteration in consciousness level. We describe five cases of NMS comprising 0.6% of acute neuroleptically-treated admissions to a psychiatric hospital over a one-year period. All patients, four females aged 26 to 63 years, and one male, aged 65 years, were of African origin and received multiple neuroleptic drugs, at least one of which was a depot preparation. Four were being treated for functional psychiatric disorders while one had dementia. All patients had fever and depressed consciousness level while four had rigidity and autonomic dysfunction. Serum creatine phosphokinase was elevated in 4 cases, and there was indirect evidence of myoglobinuria in 3 cases suggested by a positive urine dipstick test for blood despite the absence of red cells on microscopy. Rhabdomyolysis was associated with renal failure in one case. Both bromocriptine mesylate and dantrolene sodium were given in two cases. Three patients died in hospital, one with persistent rigidity and progressive decubitus ulceration, one from peritonitis following peritoneal dialysis, and another suddenly. Early recognition of NMS is important; it should be considered in any patient on neuroleptic therapy who develops fever, rigidity or alteration in consciousness level.
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PMID:Neuroleptic malignant syndrome among acute psychiatric admissions in Barbados. 156 88

One hundred and ninety-three nephrotic children with a total of 271 admissions during the past decade, from 1980 to 1989, were retrospectively reviewed for acute complications and unusual features of nephrotic syndrome. One hundred and forty-nine patients were male, 44 female. Hypertension was found in 41 children (21.2%). Nine patients (4.7%) had a total of 11 episodes of hypovolemic shock. These shock patients had a more severe hemoconcentration (mean hemoglobin concentration 19.6 +/- 1.5 g/dl) and hyponatremia (mean serum sodium 127.5 +/- 8.5 mmole/L). Bacterial infections occurred in 28 children (14.5%) with primary peritonitis in 13, sepsis in 6, cellulitis in 4, urinary tract infection in 4 and osteomyelitis in 1. Almost all infections were caused by gram-negative bacilli. Other complications or features included tetany in 4 (2.1%), thromboembolism in 2 (1.0%), pancreatitis in one (0.5%) and Fanconi syndrome in one (0.5%).
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PMID:Complications of nephrotic syndrome in children. 168 Oct 1

We identified twenty patients maintained on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis who suffered repeated episodes of peritonitis caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci. We documented hand and exist-site coagulase-negative staphylococcus-associated peritonitis over a total period of 32 months, and compared hand and exit-site strains with strains isolated from dialysate fluid using three typing methods: biotyping using the API Staph kit plus antibiograms, immunoblotting using sera raised in rabbits to three standard strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci, and 35S-methionine-labelled coagulase-negative staphylococcal profiles separated on sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualised by autoradiography (radioPAGE). In 5 of 84 episodes, strains isolated from skin were indistinguishable by all three typing methods from the dialysate strain. In a further two episodes, hand or exit-site isolates were indistinguishable by all three typing methods from the dialysate strain isolated in the subsequent, but not the same, episode. Thus in the majority of episodes, no inference of hand or exit-site origin of dialysate infection could be drawn.
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PMID:Epidemiology of CAPD-associated peritonitis caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci: comparison of strains isolated from hands, abdominal Tenckhoff catheter exit site and peritoneal fluid. 174 88


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