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Query: UMLS:C0031154 (peritonitis)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Until the last few years, maintenance peritoneal dialysis (PD) often was associated with progressive wasting due to frequent episodes of peritonitis, loss of considerable amounts of protein into the dialysate, and poor nutritional intake. Recently, available techniques have made PD a feasible alternative for the long-term care of the patient with end-stage renal failure. The incidence of peritonitis has been markedly reduced, and protein loss is only 4 to 20 gm. per dialysis treatment. Preliminary studies have shown no differences in the nutritional status of patients undergoing PD or hemodialysis, although both groups have evidenced malnutrition. In the patient undergoing PD, daily intakes of 1.2 to 1.5 gm. protein and 35 kcal per kilogram body weight are recommended. During times of stress, parenteral administration of nutrients may be necessary. Dietary supplements may often be required chronically. Careful studies are needed to difine the nutritional needs of the patient undergoing PD.
J Am Diet Assoc 1978 Sep
PMID:Nutritional management of the adult patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis. 9 52

Dietary habits in the civilised countries of the West with foods low in bulk and cellulose are blamed as causes of the increase in colon diverticulosis and the complicating diverticulitis in recent times. Of all sections of the colon, the sigmoid is most frequently involved, older patients above the 5th decade being principally affected. While uncomplicated diverticulosis of the colon usually remains symptomless, complicated diverticulitis often shows very uncharacteristic symptoms. For prophylaxis and the treatment of slight complaints, conservative treatment with administration of bulky foods (bran etc.) is indicated. Threatening hemorrhages and perforative peritonitis demand emergency operations. In closed abscess formation, internal or external fistulae and incipient scarring stenosis with imminent ileus, resection of the affected part of the intestine is indicated.
MMW Munch Med Wochenschr 1975 Sep 26
PMID:[Colon diverticulosis and complicating diverticulitis (author's transl)]. 12 78

A case is reported of a patient who developed exfoliative dermatitis while being treated with practalol for angina pectoris. The patient also had trigeminal neuropathy, renal impairment and keratoconjunctivitis sicca. The antinuclear factor was diffusely positive but other antibodies were negative. At post mortem the patient was found to have acute pancreatitis, and peritonitis. It is postulated that the patient has antecedent Sjogren's syndrome and on introduction of practalol therapy developed a drug reaction with a generalised exfoliative dermatitis and exacerbation of keratoconjunctivitis sicca leading to bilateral corneal ulceration. The association of similar conditions in patients receiving practalol therapy is reviewed.
N Z Med J 1975 Sep 24
PMID:Sjogren's syndrome and drug reaction to practalol. 12 54

From 1971-1973, 1046 patients underwent laparoscopy in the gynecological department; 256 of the cases were surgical problems. In contrast to gastroenterological laparoscopy, surgical laparoscopy was performed in the operating room under general anaesthesia and everything prepared for immediate surgery. Major surgical interventions--if necessary--were performed immediately after laparoscopy. Indications for surgical laparoscopy were the following: preoperative evaluation of nature, extent and eventual metastases of tumors. Preoperative differentiation of acute and chronic appendicitis from other affections, particularly in younger female patients. Suspected intraabdominal hemorrhage of traumatic or non-traumatic origin. Evaluation of pathological palpatory findings in the abdominal cavity. Differential diagnosis of chronic relapsing intraabdominal complaints of unknown origin. Differential diagnosis of putrid, tuberculous or carcinomatous peritonitis with eventual biopsy. Preoperative evaluation of questions concerning surgery of liver, gallbladder or pancreas in connection with occlusive jaundice, hepatic cirrhosis or malignancy. The results of this study show, that by laparoscopy in over 50% of the patients, major surgical interventions could be avoided. Contraindications were primarily limited to pulmonal or cardiac insufficiency. The only complication (intestinal perforation), was adequately dealt with under the given operative conditions.
Chirurg 1975 Sep
PMID:["Surgical" laparoscopy indications and value]. 13 Feb 32

Sclerosing peritonitis developed in a 43-year-old man with angina pectoris who had been receiving the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, propranolol. The patient had abdominal and back pain, weight loss, a midabdominal fullness, ascites, and evidence of partial small bowel obstruction. At surgery, the small bowel was distended and encased by dense fibrous tissue. Infectious and neoplastic causes of fibrosing peritoneal inflammation were excluded. The patient described in this report illustrates several features commonly experienced by individuals who developed sclerosing peritonitis associated with beta-adrenergic receptor blockade therapy. To my knowledge, the development of ascites and considerable ascitic fluid leukocytosis have not been described previously with this disorder.
Arch Intern Med 1978 Sep
PMID:Sclerosing peritonitis and propranolol. 15 Aug 26

Seven different groups of cats were examined to study the incidence and distribution of feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) in the Netherlands. The indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) technique was used to detect FeLV antigen. Of the cats with lymphosarcoma (leukaemia), 73.2 per cent and of those with infectious peritonitis, 32.4 per cent were found to be positive for FeLV antigen. Of the sixty-six cats with other tumours, only one, a cat with carcinoma of the mammary gland; was positive for FeLV antigen. Of 557 cats with various lesions, forty-two (7.5 percent) were positive for FeLV antigen. The IFA-test was found to be a useful adjunct in establishing the correct diagnosis. Of all stud cats which had been in contact with FeLV-positive cats, 24.7 percent were positive for FeLV antigen, wheras all those which had not been in contact with these cats, were negative. There was a marked difference between the proportions of FeLV-positive cats in the groups of clinically normal cats which had (20.6 per cent) and which had not (0.4 per cent) been in contact with FeLV-positive cats. Follow-up studies showed that 67.8 percent of the clinically normal, FeLV-positive cats had died from or been sacrificed because of FeLV-associated diseases within twenty months.
Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 1975 Sep 15
PMID:[The incidence of lymphosarcoma (leukaemia) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) in cats in the Netherlands (author's transl)]. 16 4

Intraperitoneal oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions were studied in rats during silica-induced adhesion formation or fecal peritonitis. Measurements of PO2 and PCO2 in the abdominal cavity were performed by means of an implanted Silastic tonometer. During active adhesion formation one to three weeks after administration of silica, the intra-abdominal PO2 decreased by 50 per cent from normal whereas the intra-abdominal PCO2 and the rate of oxygen consumption in the peritoneum were elevated. Progressing peritonitis also resulted in decreased intraperitoneal PO2 and increased accumulation of carbon dioxide in the peritoneal cavity. In rats with peritonitis the rate of oxygen consumption in the peritoneal exudate clearly exceeded that in the peritoneal membrane.
Am J Surg 1975 Sep
PMID:Intraperitoneal oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions in experimental adhesion disease and peritonitis. 17 Aug 36

Traumatic haemobilia was diagnosed and treated successfully by selective arterial catheterization and embolization with Gelfoam particles, thus avoiding the hazards of surgical intervention, in a 16-year-old boy with tuberculous peritonitis. No ill effects to the liver parenchyma were noticed as evidenced by liver function tests and liver scan.
Br J Surg 1977 Sep
PMID:Angiographic control of traumatic haemobilia by selective arterial embolization. 30 22

At our clinic 185 patients with severe typhoid fever were treated. In 51 cases severe complications required a surgical therapy: 24 times bleeding of small or large intestine, 14 times perforation of the bowel and 13 times acute typhoid cholecystitis. Lethality of typhoid peritonitis with perforation is nowadays--inspite of specific therapy with antibiotics--still between 40% and 50%; lethality at our clinic was 37.5%. Dangerous complications are bleeding and re-perforation, which require an aggressive surgical procedure.
Fortschr Med 1979 Sep 06
PMID:[Surgical therapy of intestinal complications in abdominal typhus]. 31 25

Twenty-eight cases of peritoneal infections occurring in 686 transplant patients (4%) are reported. The mortality was 78.5% (22 of 28 patients) and accounted for 13.2% of all transplant deaths. Recipients of cadaver kidneys were more prone to develop intraperitoneal infection, whereas the age, the presence of diabetes, and the tissue typing had no influence on the likelihood to develop intraperitoneal infections. Sixteen patients developed intraperitoneal infection secondary to the transplantation or another operation, whereas the intraperitoneal infection was due to a disease process unrelated to previous surgery in 12 patients. Only 64% of the patients presented with abdominal symptoms, 24 presented with septic shock, and 11 with a wound infection without peritoneal signs. The uncharacteristic clinical findings resulted in a delay of 8.7 days between the onset of symptoms and the recognition of the peritoneal infection and made a preoperative diagnosis possible in only 22 patients. It became clear that patients with generalized peritonitis, concomitant distant infections, opportunistics organisms in the peritoneal cavity, and the infections caused by postoperative complications have a poorer prognosis than the remainder of the group. Early recognition of the problem, especially after operation, and vigorous treatment seem to be the keys for improved results in the treatment of this serious condition.
Surgery 1978 Sep
PMID:Prognostic factors of peritoneal infections in transplant patients. 35 17


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