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Query: UMLS:C0031154 (peritonitis)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) was employed in seven patients of endstage renal failure (ESRF). All the patients had symptom-free ambulant life during CAPD. Blood pressure was well controlled and the haemoglobin level improved significantly. Blood urea and serum creatinine levels were maintained near normal levels. Metabolic acidosis was corrected. Recurrent peritonitis, heavy protein loss and catheter failure were the main complications of CAPD. It appears from these observations that CAPD may be helpful in patients with ESRF.
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PMID:Preliminary experience with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 718 98

Peritonitis during peritoneal dialysis is the most frequent complication associated with this dialysis technique. We studied patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis when they were without peritonitis and during episodes of clinical infection. Peritonitis was associated with a significantly decreased dialysate effluent volume, increased absorption of glucose, clearance of urea and creatinine, and protein loss in the dialysate effluent. We suggest that the changes occurring to the peritoneal dialyzing surface with peritonitis might be explained by alterations in peritoneal blood flow, effective membrane surface area, or permeability.
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PMID:Peritoneal dialysis during peritonitis. 724 84

Fourteen patients who had no signs of peritonitis were studied during CAPD. Different exchange time schedules were used alternating exchanges with 1.5% and 2.6% glucose solutions. Usually longer exchanges followed shorter ones and vice versa. Total exchange time varied from 2--10 hours. Maximal ultrafiltration volumes were observed after 3 hours with 1.5% and 5 hours wit 2.6% glucose solutions. For small molecular weight solutes (urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and phosphate) dialyzate to plasma concentration ratios tended to be lower with 2.6% glucose solutions during the shorter exchanges. Equilibrium between plasma and dialyzate was attained for all these solutes by 10 hours total exchange time. The concentration ratios for inulin were similar with both types of solution, and did not achieve equilibrium by 10 hours. Protein concentrations and losses were higher with 2.6% glucose solution. Total protein and immunoglobulin losses per 24 hours were markedly lower than those reported for intermittent peritoneal dialysis. White blood cell counts increased slightly up to 5 hours and then remained constant up to 10 hours. Mononuclear cell counts were consistently higher than those of granulocytes. The efficiency of dialysis was not markedly influenced by uneven distribution of total exchange time. If 1.5% and 2.6% glucose solutions were used for particular time schedules, slightly higher dialysis efficiency could be obtained by using hyperosmolar solutions for the longer exchanges. Ultrafiltration volumes, protein and immunoglobulin losses, cell counts in dialyzate, and clearance of inulin varied among individual patients. Protein losses correlated positively with serum protein concentration and the body surface area of the patient. Clearances of insulin also correlated with body surface area but ultrafiltration volumes did not.
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PMID:Kinetics of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) with four exchanges per day. 727 87

The present study was conducted in order to document the pharmacokinetic behaviour of Gentamicin when administered intraperitoneally (I.P.) in children with appendiceal peritonitis (15 patients). This pharmacokinetic behaviour was compared to that of intramuscular (I.M.) Gentamicin (12 patients). In both groups, the dose was 2.5 mg/kg/8 hours. In the I.P. group the resulting peak levels were generally low (sub-therapeutic) whilst the peak levels in the I.M. group were, in most cases, satisfactory and similar to those reported by other investigators. In both groups there was wide inter-patient variation in levels. No correlation was found between peak levels and blood Hb., haematocrit or serum urea and creatinine, but it must be noted that in most of the patients, the values of these parameters were within the normal range for their age. It emerged from the study that if Gentamicin is to be given intra-peritoneally, the dosage should be higher than that recommended for the intramuscular or intravenous route and that levels should be monitored because of interpatient variation in response.
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PMID:Intraperitoneal gentamicin in appendiceal peritonitis in children: a pharmacokinetic study. 728 68

Exchanges were performed in 1-hour and 3- to 5-hour cycles when patients were noninfected and during episodes of peritonitis. The hourly exchange dialysate effluent volume decreased with the occurrence of peritonitis. These exchanges were associated with increased glucose absorption from dialysate, diminished sodium removal and augmented clearances of urea and creatinine. Protein losses were increased in the dialysate effluent of patients during an episode of peritonitis during the hourly exchanges. In the long-dwell exchanges obtained after clinical improvements of peritonitis, only protein losses were increased over control. Clearances, sodium loss in dialysate and glucose absorption were not altered from control.
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PMID:Peritoneal abnormalities during infectious episodes of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 732 86

Lymphosorption was used in 23 patients with diffuse wound peritonitis within 4--6 days in the complex of measures in order to detoxicate the organism. It resulted, as a rule, in decreased ammonemia, normalized residual nitrogen and urea and in the disappearance of erythrocytes from the lymph. Eighteen patients recovered, 5 patients died of progressing peritonitis and hepatic insufficiency.
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PMID:[Detoxification of the body by means of lymphosorption in wound peritonitis]. 737 72

Three years of clinical experience with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis are summarized. Serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, hematocrit, nerve conduction velocity, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, serum proteins, and electrolytes have been maintained in acceptable ranges. Peritonitis, although reduced in incidence because of solutions in plastic bags and a new adapter, is still a problem. Excessive carbohydrate absorption, obesity, and high serum triglyceride concentrations may be long-term problems in some patients.
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PMID:Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: three-year experience at one center. 738 1

The continuous peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is with four or five change of 1 1/2-2 l dialysis solution a day a 24 hours/day and 7 days/week dialysis. In 6 patients with terminal renal insufficiency the behaviour of biochemical parameters which serve as acknowledged indicators for the efficiency of a dialysis technique, were pursued under this method more than 4 weeks. At the end of the treatment period the following average values came up: creatinine 9.0 mg/dl, urea-N 65 mg/dl, anorganic phosphate 4.8 mg/dl (without Al-hydroxide), potassium 4.3 mval/l, calcium 4.1 mval/l and a pH-value of 7.35. The results allow the conclusion that with the CAPD a sufficient elimination of retention products is possible and values in the suburaemic region may be achieved similar to the conditions in the intermittent dialytic technique. Conclusions concerning a broad application of the technique in the terminal renal insufficiency may, however, not be made alone from these observations, since the problems of relapsing peritonitis and of the chronic loss of protein known from literature did not yet play a role in our patients in the short observation period.
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PMID:[Clinical chemistry parameters in continuous peritoneal dialysis]. 739 93

Metabolic balance studies were conducted in five nondialyzed chronically uremic patients and four patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis who had sustained an acute intercurrent illness. Nitrogen balance became negative in all patients. In eight patients who did not have marked fluid removal, serum total protein, albumin and transferrin fell significantly. Negative nitrogen balance was caused by three factors: 1) decreased nitrogen intake, which wasn't always readily apparent 2) increased urea nitrogen appearance, and 3) in peritoneal dialysis patients with peritonitis, protein losses into dialysate. In the chronically uremic patients, urea nitrogen appearance correlated closely with total nitrogen output and appears to be a good predictor of total nitrogen losses.
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PMID:Nutritional and metabolic response to catabolic stress in uremia. 739 69

Previous studies of experimental sepsis suggested that excessive systemic vasodilatation might be the stimulus to renal hypofiltration and fluid retention in sepsis. Successful therapy for this syndrome requires agents that either act to improve systemic haemodynamics without adverse renal effects, or that act directly on the kidney without impairing circulatory homeostasis. The plasma kallikrein-kinin system is a potent vasodilator pathway, activated by endotoxin. We studied the effect of aprotinin (Trasylol), which inhibits plasma kallikrein, in an ovine model of surgically-induced intra-abdominal sepsis. Given either as an early or late intervention, aprotinin was associated with increased mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance, improved glomerular filtration rate, and increased urinary sodium excretion. In further studies, treatment with the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, U63,557A (Upjohn), either before or after the surgical induction of peritonitis, was associated with increased glomerular filtration rate and sodium excretion, without any effect on systemic haemodynamics. Logical use of specific antagonists, based on an understanding of the pathophysiology of the septic ARF syndrome, is a desirable strategy.
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PMID:Acute renal failure and sepsis: therapeutic approaches. 752 64


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