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Query: UMLS:C0031154 (peritonitis)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

27 children, aged 7 months to 15 years, with terminal renal failure and no available vascular access, were treated with chronic peritoneal dialysis for 3 weeks to 9 months (mean 3 months). An indwelling silicon catheter fitted with a subcutaneous dacron felt cuff was used; the average catheter life time was 10 weeks (3 to 25 weeks). Control of uremia was satisfactory with mean serum urea decreasing from 2 to 1 g/l and creatinine from 130 mg/l to 60 mg/l after 48 hours of dialysis. No uremic complications occured. Total serum protein remained stable: mean: 62 g/l prior to treatment and 60 g/l after the treatment period. Hematocrit was higher than in hemodialysed children (17% versus 15%). Three children were directly transplanted without difficulty. However, some complications did occur. There were 27 episodes of catheter obstruction leading to 12 surgical interventions. 18 episodes of peritonitis (5% of total dialyses) occured in 12 patients, and two were lethal. The frequency of complications prohibits a recommendation of chronic peritoneal dialysis over hemodialysis in children; this technique however remains very helpful in those situations where vascular access is difficult.
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PMID:[Chronic peritoneal dialysis: an alternative to iterative hemodialysis]. 34 45

A group of 13 patients on Continous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis up to 18 months was studied. During the study period, Peritoneal Urea Clearance was stable. In all but 2 cases peritonitis did not depress the efficiency in clearing urea. When Peritoneal Urea Clearance was corrected for 1.73 m2 surface area, there was on the average an 11.8% increase over not corrected clearance rates. This increase was statistically significant.
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PMID:Stability of peritoneal urea clearance in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (18 months experience with CAPD). 45 3

Twenty patients on home peritoneal dialysis were studied during two years. The patients dialysed 4--5 times a week, using an average of 78 l dialysis fluid. The dialysis equipment used was either a simplified delivery system or a fully automatic dialysis machine. Despite clinical improvement, serum urea and serum creatinine levels were the same after 12 months of therapy as before. The patients' weight and serum albumin levels remained constant. Only 1 patient developed hyperparathyroidism, otherwise serum calcium levels ranged from normal to subnormal. Fifteen patients did not require blood transfusions. Twenty episodes of peritonitis occurred, an incidence of 0.58%. All patients carried out dialysis themselves without assistance. Three were working full-time, and 5 were able to look after their homes. The rest were able to take care of themselves. Four patients died from causes unrelated to peritoneal dialysis. In selected patients this mode of treatment provides an acceptable alternative to haemodialysis.
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PMID:Home peritoneal dialysis (two year's experience). 50 Mar

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) might result in peritoneal membrane changes. First, CAPD exposes essentially continuously the peritoneum to peritoneal dialysis solutions. Such solutions differ from the usual extracellular fluid bathing peritoneal tissues. Second, this technique may be complicated by an increased frequency of peritonitis when compared to intermittent peritoneal dialysis. We undertook a prospective study of patients undergoing CAPD to determine if there were decreases in peritoneal clearances and if the peritoneal microcirculation maintained its responsiveness to nitroprusside. Peritoneal transport, as assessed by the clearances of urea, creatinine, inulin, and dialysate protein concentration, with and without nitroprusside addition in the dialysis solution, is unchanged in patients undergoing CAPD for up to 1 year, despite frequent episodes of peritonitis.
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PMID:Follow-up of peritoneal clearances in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 54 5

Our experience of CAPD in 21 patients over a total period of 118 patients months has been evaluated and compared with intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD). CAPD was associated with greater clearance of urea creatinine and phosphate, higher concentrations of haemoglobin, improved control of hypertension and saline overload, and better patient acceptance than IPD. It is concluded that CAPD is an effective form of dialysis with many advantages over IPD, although the incidence of peritonitis is still twice that IPD.
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PMID:Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in the treatment of end-stage renal failure. 54 78

During the last 3 years 3,964 short daily peritoneal dialyses (71.4% at home) have been performed in 18 patients aged between 8 and 82 years. 6-10 liters of dialysate have been associated with high caloric-low protein (0.6 g/kg) diets. In 330 predialysis determinations serum urea was 1.30 +/- 0.09 g/l and serum creatinine was 13.9 +/- 1.9 mg/dl. The incidence of peritonitis was 0.18%. The control of anemia, plasma levels of proteins, albumins, transferrin, C-3c and C-4 were satisfactory. The data support the concept of a wider application of this dialysis technique, which may be extended to every uremic patient.
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PMID:Short daily peritoneal dialysis: 3 years' experience. 67 96

The authors report 22 cases of uretero-ileo-plasty for uretero-hydronephrosis due to schistosomiasis. The indications for operation depend on the following criteria: the degree of dilatation which varies from simple atonia to very large hydronephrosis which one must not wait for, ureteral stenosis, vesico-ureteral reflux, the degree of renal failure assessed by studies of creatinine and urea clearance and the resistance to treatment. The operative technique which is not specific for bilharziasis includes uretero-ileo-plasty which is often bilateral, for even in asymmetrical cases, the least affected ureter is often of poor quality. There were failures in two cases due to irreversible renal failure, and in two cases, due to peritonitis. The late results of the other cases appear very favourable: increased vesical capacity, diminution of cystalgia, comfort and improved, general health, were the main factors. Stenosis of the anastomosis, vesico-ureteral reflux and urinary infection, acidosis, lithiasis are rare or not very severe.
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PMID:[Uretero-ileoplasty in bilharzian uretero-hydronephrosis]. 95 96

To eluicdate a possible connection between the amount of urea production and degree of intraperitoneal complication 24 hour urea production was studied in patients having undergone appendectomy. The base material consisting of 60 patients with an uncomplicated postoperative course was divided into three groups: 1) 20 patients with a normal appendix without any infection, 2) 20 patients with acute appendicitis without perforation, and 3) 20 patients with acute appendicitis with perforation and varying degrees of peritonitis. Twenty-four hour urea production was determined from the second to seventh postoperative day. A significant difference in postoperative urea production was found between the three groups mentioned, the patients in group 3 had the highest and the patients in group 1 the lowest urea production. Further, all three groups showed a gradual, significant decrease in urea production from second to seventh postoperative day. Two patients with intraperitoneal complications after appendectomy had a significantly increased urea production.
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PMID:Urea production related to intraperitoneal inflammation. 113 Aug 58

We compared 10 patients treated with overnight APD in their homes with a parallel group of 30 patients having CAPD (Freeline II) over two years 1990 and 1991. Our aim was to discover if APD was an efficient and cost effective alternative to CAPD. The average amount of dialysate used per day in APD patients was 11 litres (range 9 to 14 litres) compared to 6.8 litres (range 6 to 10 litres) for CAPD. The average plasma creatinine was 920 umol/L, plasma urea of 21 mmol/L on APD and 825 umol/L and 24 mmol/L respectively on CAPD. In 1990 there were 2 incidences of peritonitis (2 in 1991) in the APD patients compared to 24 incidences (24 in 1991) in the CAPD patients with 6 recurrences (5 in 1991) and 19 exist site infections (24 in 1991). The average fluid costs plus disposables were comparable. However the cost of treating complications per patient for APD was for 1990 32 pounds (108 pounds in 1991) and for CAPD 832 pounds (1308 pounds in 1991). All the APD patients who had previously experienced CAPD preferred this treatment for its convenience and social acceptability. APD is a cost-effective alternative to CAPD and has advantages in some patients.
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PMID:Comparison of the efficacy cost and complication rate of APD and CAPD as long-term outpatient treatments for renal failure. 136 67

This study was conducted to assess quantitative and qualitative changes in serum albumin in CAPD patients. For twenty-six CAPD patients as well as age-, sex- and dialysis history-matched HD patients, biochemical and physiological parameters including urea kinetics were determined. Albumin was qualitatively evaluated by HPLC. The CAPD patients showed significant decreases in serum albumin and the reduced form of albumin accompanied by a lower protein catabolic rate(PCR) compared to the HD patients. Thirty five % of CAPD patients showed mild to moderate hypoalbuminemia, associated with a higher incidence of peritonitis and longer hospital stay. Patients with hypoalbuminemia had less of the reduced form of albumin. A weak positive correlation was found between serum albumin concentration and KT/V, and PCR. Thus, in CAPD patients, there occur quantitative and qualitative changes in serum albumin. Hypoalbuminemia may be a risk factor for peritonitis and is due in part to insufficient dialysis and protein intake. Intermolecular change in albumin may possibly be due to uremia per se.
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PMID:Quantitative and qualitative changes of serum albumin in CAPD patients. 136 68


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