Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0031154 (peritonitis)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Estradiol mustard (NSC 112259) was subcutaneously injected to female Sprague-Dawley-rats in weekly doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg up to a total dose (Dmax) of 500 or 760 mg/kg respectively. Treatments reduced significantly the mean survival time. No carcinogenic properties were observed. Most of the estrogen mustard treated animals died from ovarian abscesses or peritonitis following pyometras. Toxic injuries were attributed to the chronical estrogenic stimulus.
Z Krebsforsch Klin Onkol Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1976
PMID:Absence of carcinogenic effects of estradiol mustard (NSC-112259) in rats. 13 27

Two 8-month-old and two 4-month-old male beagle dogs received 250 ml of 150 microgram/ml solution of N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG) and 2% Tween 60 mixed with a pellet diet twice a day for 8 months as the same methods used for mongrel dogs in our first report [Juntendo Medical Jouranl 19, 579-583 (1973)]. Gastric carcinomas with distant lymph nodes metastases occurred in three beagle dogs except for one died from anesthesia at the endoscopy. Metastases to the liver were observed in two beagles. In the most long-lived beagles, peritonitis carcinomatosa with ascites and metastases to the liver, lungs, bones, and skin were found. Main gastric tumors were located at the subcardia in two dogs (elevated tumor in dog No. 6, ulcerated tumor in dog No. 8), but in dog No 7 at the angulus (ulcerated tumor). Histologically, carcinomas were composed of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, signet-ring cell carcinoma, tubular adenocarcinoma, and undifferentiated adenocarcinoma. In all of three dogs which developed adenocarcinoma of the stomach, Stewart's criteria were completely satisifed. Using our methods the target organ is limited only to the stomach, without any sarcomatous lesion of the intestines.
Z Krebsforsch Klin Onkol Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1977 Dec 15
PMID:Adenocarcinomas of the stomach induced in beagle dogs by oral administration of N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. 14 26

Complex formation in vitro between human alpha2-macroglobulin and the human proteases cationic trypsin, chymotrypsin, plasmin and granulocyte elastase and collagenase was clearly visualized by the use of thin-layer electrofocusing in polyacrylamide gel followed by electrophoresis in agarose gel containing antibodies against human alpha2-macroglobulin. The technique permits semi-quantitative determination of the amount of complex and can demonstrate the formation of complexes between alpha2-macroglobulin and protease in vivo in ascitic fluid in peritonitis.
Clin Chim Acta 1976 Jan 02
PMID:Demonstration and semiquantitative determination of complexes between various proteases and human alpha2-macroglobulin. 17 30

BA and OA of sera and uninfected ascitic fluid from patients with alcoholic cirrhosis were assayed against gram-negative enteric bacilli. This was compared with BA and OA in normal serum and in peritoneal fluid obtained at laparoscopy or laparotomy from noncirrhotic patients. Cirrhotic sera showed significantly reduced BA and OA against one of the organisms tested, Serratia marcescens. It had reduced OA but normal BA against E. coli. Ascitic fluid was markedly deficient in BA and OA against all strains tested when compared to both cirrhotic sera and nonascitic peritoneal fluid. Immunoglobulin and complement concentrations in cirrhotic ascites were reduced. Ascites did not inhibit the BA or OA of normal serum. However, replacement experiments suggested that the diminished activity of ascites was largely the result of its reduced complement concentration. The demonstrated deficit in both BA and OA of ascites may be a factor in the frequency of spontaneous enteric bacillary peritonitis in the cirrhotic patient.
J Lab Clin Med 1978 May
PMID:Bactericidal and opsonic activity of cirrhotic ascites and nonascitic peritoneal fluid. 34 14

Since the introduction of the permanent peritoneal catheter, interest in chronic peritoneal dialysis is increasing. The automatic peritoneal dialysis cycler and the reverse osmosis peritoneal dialysis machine have been other development that made chronic peritoneal possible. Chronic peritoneal dialysis is indicated for the children, the elderly, those without hemodialysis access sites, those living along (for home dialysis) and the diabetics, whose retinopathy seems to progress less on peritoneal dialysis than on hemodialysis. Patients awaiting a kidney transplant can be maintained equally satisfactorily on peritoneal dialysis as on hemodialysis. Because of its simplicity almost any patient can be trained for home peritoneal dialysis, and a high incidence of rehabilitation can be achieved. A flow rate of 4 1/hr with 21 exchanges, 40 hours a week, seem to the ideal dialysis requirements. Complications of chronic peritoneal dialysis include those related to the permanent catheter such as one or two way obstruction and those related the dialysis itself. The latter can be either acute (i.e. peritonitis etc.) or chornic such as neuropathy, renal osteodystrophy, anemia etc. Integrated with hemodialysis and transplantation, peritoneal provides the nephrologists with the ability to treat his patients with the most appropriate treatment.
Clin Nephrol 1978 Apr
PMID:Chronic peritoneal dialysis. 34 70

Antibiotic-associated colitis is a rare complication of antimicrobial therapy in children. Ampicillin, penicillin, and clindamycin are the drugs most frequently reported to cause pseudomembranous colitis in pediatric patients. This diagnosis should be suspected in any child with significant diarrhea during or after a course of antimicrobial therapy, especially if the diarrhea persists after the drug has been discontinued. The diagnosis is established by proctoscopic findings of typical plaques of pseudomembranes. Most cases resolve promptly when the implicated antibiotic is stopped; however, the disease can be fulminant, progressing to toxic megacolon, peritonitis, and shock. Therapy of patients who have persistent diarrhea after the offending antibiotic has been discontinued should include oral vancomycin. Close fluid management is crucial for survival.
Pediatr Clin North Am 1979 May
PMID:Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis in children. 37 73

The postoperative courses of 26 patients admitted to an Intensive Care Unit after different types of surgery on their portal tree are studied. All were diagnosed as having portal hypertension secondary to chronic liver disease and had presented one or more episodes of bleeding. Those complications of greater risk with an important early mortality rate are: 1) recurrence of the gastrointestinal hemorrhage, independently of the type of lesion which originates it; 2) recurrence of ascites because these patients more often develop dehiscence of the abdominal wall, serious dilutional hyponatremia and severe functional renal insufficiency; 3) acute renal failure, both functional or caused by an organic tubulo-interstitial nephropathy; 4) peritonitis; 5) persistent hepatolytic episode; 6) hyperdynamic heart failure; and 7) re-operations in general, independently of the causes. The frequency of these complications and the greater or lesser seriousness of their development in the postoperative period are dependent on: 1) the age of the patient with a better prognosis for those under 50; 2) the histopathologic type of the hepatic lesion, with hepatic fibrosis having a more favourable evolution in comparison with cirrhosis; 3) the degree of decompensation of the hepatopathy immediately before the operation, evaluating signs of functional hepatic deficit, cytolysis and degree of portal hypertension. The greater the preoperative activity, the worse the postsurgical prognosis. 4) The elective or urgent character of the surgery. During the postoperative course of emergency surgery all types of complications may appear. The emergency operation which has effectively achieved the stopping of the esophageal bleeding has been the porto-azygos disconnection, which allows later a portosystemic shunt with a greater probability of success. 5) The type of anastomosis carried out. Radicular shunts were those which had a lower postoperative mortality rate and those which progressed better because of the small number of problems occurring in the early postoperative period.
Med Clin (Barc) 1979 Jan 10
PMID:[Postoperative care in portal hypertension surgery (author's transl)]. 43 Nov 56

Vancomycin is a useful antimicrobial agent in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis treatment; its efficacy in chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD) has not been established. Serum (VS) and peritoneal fluid (VPF) vancomycin concentrations were measured in two CPD patients with staphylococcal peritonitis. Half-life of VS agreed with the half-life of VPF in each patient, and the VS/VPF ratio was 1.27 in both patients. Distribution volumes were 37.2 and 58.7 l, values approximating total body water in these patients. VS and VPF persisted in the therapeutic range (greater than 5 microgram/ml) for more than 16 days. In one patient, mean peritoneal clearacne was 9.8 ml/min, and overall drug clearance averaged 2.3 ml/min; in the other patient, overall clearance was 2.1 ml/min. These results indicate that therapeutic vancomycin levels can be maintained for more than 16 days with a single 1 g intravenous dose in patients receiving intermittent CPD, as is the case for hemodialysis patients. Because of this, parenteral vancomycin is useful in the treatment of staphylococcal peritonitis in CPD patients.
Clin Nephrol 1979 Mar
PMID:Peritoneal clearance and total body elimination of vancomycin during chronic intermittent peritoneal dialysis. 43 39

A patient with starch peritonitis was given a gallium scan which showed diffuse uptake in the abdomen and intense uptake in a noninfected incision six weeks after surgery. The accumulation of gallium in a noninfected surgical incision later than one week after surgery, accompanied by diffuse abdominal uptake, may indicate the presence of starch peritonitis.
Clin Nucl Med 1979 Nov
PMID:Gallium scan: clue to diagnosis of starch peritonitis. 50 45

We studied the effects of alcohol and propranolol on the course of peritonitis in rabbits. Induction of sterile peritonitis with normal saline led to a 50% augmentation of granulocyte adherence in normal rabbits, and a mean cumulative granulocyte count of 27,000/mm(3) in peritoneal exudate by 8 h. Rabbits intoxicated with alcohol at the time of peritonitis induction maintained a granulocyte adherence below pretreatment values, and only delivered a cumulative mean of 12,000 granulocytes/mm(3) into the peritoneal fluid. When intoxicated rabbits received propranolol intravenously at the time of intoxication, adherence increased above preperitonitis levels, and stayed significantly above values for animals given alcohol alone. In addition, the defect in granulocyte delivery was prevented by propranolol, resulting in a mean cumulative granulocyte count in peritoneal fluid of 24,000/mm(3).When peritonitis was induced with live pneumococci instead of a sterile inflammatory stimulus, 14/18 normal animals survived the infection and were culture-negative when sacrificed at 2 wk. In contrast, 17/18 intoxicated animals died of the infection, in a mean of 2.8 days. 9 of 18 intoxicated animals who also received propranolol survived, and those who died lived a mean of 7.5 days. The survival rates and the time-to-death among the nonsurvivors given propranolol were both significantly greater than in the animals intoxicated without propranolol. Thus, propranolol prevents the granulocyte adherence and delivery defects induced by alcohol intoxication, and significantly improves survival from infection.
J Clin Invest 1978 Sep
PMID:Propranolol antagonizes the anti-inflammatory effect of alcohol and improves survival of infected intoxicated rabbits. 56 57


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