Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0031154 (peritonitis)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have reported previously that human peritoneal macrophages collected from patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) during an episode of peritonitis secrete increased amounts of interleukin-1 (IL-1), as compared to those collected during an infection free period, provided the cells were stimulated in vitro by LPS. We now report that such macrophages release also higher amounts of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), if collected during peritonitis and stimulated subsequently in vitro by LPS. The increase in release of TNF was ascertained by radio-immunoassays as well as by bioassay of cytostatic effect against the highly sensitive TNF target-cell line L929 murine transformed fibroblasts. The present reported results, in addition to previously reported data on release of IL-1, indicate that induction of release of cytokines from human peritoneal macrophages is a dual stepwise process: first priming in vivo in an inflammatory environment and, secondly stimulation in vitro by LPS.
 ...
PMID:Peritoneal macrophages from patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis have an increased capability to release tumour necrosis factor during peritonitis. 166 36

The purpose of the study was to investigate the course of the zymosan-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in the absence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in a murine model. Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha-lymphotoxin-a knockout (TNF/LT-/-) mice (n = 36) and wild-type (TNF/LT+/+) mice (n = 36) received 40 microg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intraperitoneally followed by zymosan at a dose of 1 mg/g body weight 6 days later (day 0). Animals were monitored daily for body weight and temperature and clinical symptoms. At day 22, most of the surviving mice were killed to examine organ weight and histology. A small number of animals were followed until day 48. In all animals, zymosan induced an acute sterile peritonitis phase followed by an apparent recovery. From day 8 onwards the TNF/LT+/+ mice entered a third-MODS-like-phase, characterized by loss of body weight, decreased body temperature, and significant mortality. At day 22, survival in the TNF/LT-/- mice (92%) was significantly (P = 0.01) higher than in the TNF/LT+/+ mice (60%). In addition, average body temperature and average relative (vs. weight at day 0) body weight were higher in the TNF/LT-/- mice than in the TNF/LT+/+ mice (35.9 degrees C and 100% vs. 33.3 degrees C and 84%, respectively). However, at this time point, surviving animals from both groups showed similar and significant organ damage, indicated by an increase in absolute and relative (vs body weight) weight of lung, spleen, and liver (liver only in the TNF/LT-/- mice). Moreover, histopathological examination of organs from the surviving animals showed a similar degree of microscopic damage in both groups. Interestingly, besides mononuclear cells, inflammatory infiltrates in lungs and livers of TNF/LT+/+ but not of TNF-/- mice contained neutrophils. In conclusion, TNF-deficient mice exhibit significantly improved morbidity and mortality during zymosan-induced MODS. However, the absence of TNF does not completely protect against MODS in this murine model.
 ...
PMID:Improved survival of TNF-deficient mice during the zymosan-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. 1206 82