Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0031154 (peritonitis)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since the bacterial ability to develop resistance against various factors of their surroundings is a well-known phenomenon, resistance against iodine and specifically against povidone-iodine (PVP-I) has been widely investigated. Yet there is little known about bacterial resistance in long-term daily use of disinfectants in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. The aim of our study was to investigate whether on daily use of PVP-I over a period of at least 6 months coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS)--the predominant infective organisms of peritonitis--developed resistance against PVP-I. At the catheter exit site of 40 CAPD patients we isolated 36 CNS. 23 CNS (CNS + PVP) orginate from patients using PVP-I, 13 CNS (CNS + CI) from patients using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as disinfectant. The strains were biotyped, antibiotic resistance patterns were determined and resistance against PVP-I or NaOCl was calculated as reduction factor using the quantitative suspension test combined with a turbidimetric standardization. Resistance against PVP-I 0.01% and against NaOCl 0.005% was determined at two contact times (30 and 300 s) for each patient group. In addition, we investigated the effects of plasmid loss on sensitivity to PVP-I. Out of 5 multiple-antibiotic-resistant CNS, 3 strains showed no difference in reduction factor against PVP-I before and after curing. There was no significant difference in reduction factor against NaOCl. CNS + PVP were even significantly more sensitive to PVP-I than CNS + Cl. Taken together, our results demonstrate that long-term use of PVP-I does not cause any bacterial resistance in CNS of CAPD patients.
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PMID:Nondevelopment of resistance by bacteria during hospital use of povidone-iodine. 940 49

The analysis of 36 case records of patients with peritonitis (n = 12) and intestinal obstruction (n = 24) is presented. Nasogastrointestinal intubation of the small bowel was used in combined treatment. The aims, indications and contraindications for the intubation are formulated. Bacteriologic and biochemical parameters of bowel content were studied. It was established that the quantity of enterobacteria and unfermenting gram-negative bacteria was increased in intestinal paresis, the alkaline phosphatase, amylase, bilirubin, transaminase, a potassium content were increased as well. For the tube to function from the first hours after its introduction it should be periodically properly washed with sodium hypochlorite in concentration 300 mg/l.
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PMID:[Small intestine intubation for treatment of patients with peritonitis and intestinal obstruction]. 1035 70

In order to develop new methods for the study of pathogenesis of post-injury fibroplasia, a rat model of chemical peritonitis was explored. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) of various concentrations was injected intraperitoneally one or more times using different intervals between doses. Some time later, the surface fibrosis of liver, spleen, omentum and other abdominal organs was evaluated. A dose-response relation at intermediate concentrations and an apparent threshold at low concentrations were observed. Fibroplasia was increased by repeated doses (accumulation) but it was ameliorated compared to the same total amount of chemical given as a single injection (adaptation during repeated dosing). The rapid disappearance of the chemical irritant and the large size and easy accessibility of the peritoneal cavity suggest that this model may be useful in further study of chemical toxicity and fibroplasia in relation to human fibrosing diseases and injuries (trauma, surgery, peritoneal dialysis). The model has the unique feature of evaluating the morphological effects of the toxic injury and secondary functional effects at the same time.
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PMID:Repeated toxic injury of peritoneum: accumulation of toxicity and adaptation to injury. 1118 Feb 63

Strangulation colorectal obstruction was modeled in 60 Wistar rats. Necrotic segment of the intestine was resected under conditions of peritonitis and end-to-end intestinal anastomosis was performed on a PCV catheter conducted through the anus. Sodium hypochlorite and ozone solution were used for sanitation of the abdominal cavity and intestinal lavage, and the intestinal anastomosis was coated with Ozonide (ozonized oil). The use of physicochemical methods notably reduced the incidence of postoperative pyoinflammatory complications, incompetence of intestinal anastomosis sutures, and animal mortality.
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PMID:Effects of sodium hypochlorite and ozone on healing of intestinal anastomosis in simulated strangulation colorectal obstruction. 1508 59

Combined postoperation treatment with sodium hypochlorite and alpha-tocopherol broke the chain of free radical reactions in lipids and promoted normalization of LPO processes in the plasma and erythrocytes of 250 rats with experimental bile peritonitis.
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PMID:Effect of combined treatment with sodium hypochlorite and alpha-tocopherol on prooxidant and antioxidant system of the blood during experimental bile peritonitis. 1602 64

We compared the normalizing effects of various methods of hemocorrection on homeostasis in animals with bile peritonitis. Combined treatment with hypochlorite and UV irradiation produced a potent membrane-stabilizing effect and increased adaptability of erythropoiesis.
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PMID:Effect of sodium hypochlorite and UV irradiation of the blood on fluid and electrolyte balance, metabolism of lipids and proteins, and state of cell plasma membranes during experimental bile peritonitis. 1622 43

Combined use of sodium hypochlorite and intravenous laser irradiation of the blood in the postoperation therapy of 24-h bile peritonitis improved recovery of engulfing and digestive activity of neutrophilic granulocytes in the early postoperation period. Enzyme activity of neutrophilic granulocytes in earlier postoperation periods returned to normal after treatment with sodium hypochlorite alone.
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PMID:State of the nonspecific component of the immune system during combination therapy for experimental bile peritonitis. 1630 39

Prophylaxis and treatment of catheter-related infections in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) are the key to success of this type of renal replacement therapy. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy before catheter implantation significantly reduces the risk of peritonitis in the first month after operation. However, this strategy does not influence the risk of infections of the exit site and catheter tunnel. Although there are no studies showing any benefit in the use of povidon-iodine or sodium hypochlorite for care of exit sites in long-term PD patients, the use of a local disinfectant is recommended in recent guidelines. Another prophylactic approach is the use of local antibiotics, either intranasally or by application to the exit site. The use of mupirocin significantly reduces the rate of exit-site and tunnel infections and also the number of Staphylococcus aureus carriers. Gentamycin cream applied to the exit site is as effective as mupirocin in preventing S. aureus infections and in addition covers Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Both these local antibiotic therapies, however, carry the risk of selection of resistant bacterial strains. Guidelines mostly recommend the use of local antibiotics at least in S. aureus carriers. According to available data, oral antibiotic prophylaxis in long-term PD patients is not recommended, since a positive effect is unproven and systemic side effects have been reported in some studies. Family members and healthcare workers may be a source of S. aureus colonization in PD patients; however, there are no international protocols suggesting screening or treatment of these persons. There is no evidence favoring any dressing protocol (or a dressing change at all). Furthermore, because of lack of data, the question of whether face masks should be used during dressing changes or dialysate exchanges cannot yet be answered. There are no studies showing that it is safe for PD patients to go swimming or to a sauna. Only a few studies have focused on diagnosis and classification of exit-site infections and therefore no international standards exist. In cases of exit-site infection, ultrasonography of the catheter tunnel is a useful tool in the diagnosis of accompanying tunnel involvement and is also helpful in estimating the prognosis of these infections, depending on response to antibiotic therapy. Catheter-related infections should be treated with antibiotics for at least two weeks. With the exception of infection with methicillin-resistant S. aureus, the oral route is as effective as intraperitoneal administration. Currently there is no evidence of the ideal time-point for catheter removal after renal transplantation.
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PMID:[Prophylaxis and management of catheter-associated infections in peritoneal dialysis patients: recent studies and guidelines]. 1643 37

The parameters of endogenous intoxication (EI) were studied in patients with inflammatory small pelvic organs diseases complicated by organs pelviperitonitis and generalized peritonitis. The integral index of EI--endogenous intoxication coefficient (EIC) was developed, which included relative values (as to the normal values) of the total and effective concentration of albumin, medium molecular peptides and leukocytic intoxication index. The values multiplied together are EIC. In patients with inflammatory small pelvic organs diseases, the level of EI was shown to considerably increase. The use of EIC was ascertained to significantly increase the accuracy of diagnosis of early-stage EI, to perform detoxifying therapy, and monitor its efficiency, as confirmed by the use of sodium hypochlorite in the combined treatment of patients with inflammatory small pelvic organs diseases.
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PMID:[Integral estimate of endogenous intoxication and its correction with sodium hypochlorite in inflammatory diseases of small pelvic organs]. 1692 58

Peritoneal catheter exit-site and tunnel infections remain critical problems in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Catheter-related peritonitis occurs in about 20% of patients and exit-site infections are responsible for catheter removal in more than one-fifth of the cases. For the last 2 years in the Department of Nephrology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy, we have been treating exit-site infections caused by Pseudomonas with sodium hypochlorite packs as well as systemic and local antibiotic therapy. Considering the encouraging results obtained on Pseudomonas infection, we decided to utilize the same schedule for the treatment of exit-site infections caused by other germs which are generally difficult to eradicate to prevent peritonitis and catheter removal. Between 2003 and 2004, 10 patients contracted infection of the exit-site. All patients underwent a swab test because of the reddening and the purulent secretion of the exit-site. The swab resulted positive for Pseudomonas in 7 patients, Corynebacterium sp. in 2 patients, and Candida albicans in 1 patient. All patients were treated with systemic antibiotic therapy or antifungal therapy, local sodium hypochlorite 50% packs. After 15 days all patients were submitted to a swab test of the exit site. In all patients, the swab test resulted negative after 15 days and 1 month, and they could continue peritoneal dialysis. This procedure avoided peritoneal catheter removal and temporary switch to hemodialysis in all patients with exit site infection. The mechanism of action is related to the wide antimicrobial spectrum and the rapid action of sodium hypochlorite possibly creating a protective barrier on the exit-site.
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PMID:Successful use of sodium hypochlorite pack plus systemic and local antibiotic therapy for the treatment of pseudomonas infection of peritoneal dialysis catheter exit-site. 1709 7


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