Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0031154 (peritonitis)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), the authors have looked for pneumococcal antigens in biological fluids in 141 pneumococcal infections cases (70 meningitis, 25 empyema, 40 pneumonia, 5 peritonitis, 1 pericarditis). The best results (superior to bacteriological results) were obtained with CSF and pleural fluid. Testing sputum by CIE seems to have a real interest in pneumonia. CIE associated with bacteriology, gives more than 20% increase in aetiological diagnosis in pneumococcal infections and permits to set accurate aetiological diagnosis in less than two hours.
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PMID:[Contribution of the counter-immunoelectrophoresis for the diagnosis of pneumococcal infections (author's transl)]. 39 23

The therapeutic success of antibiotics used at the beginning of treatment and the effect of exchange transfusion in cases of septicaemia were tested in 22 newborn infants. The clinical course of these patients was compared with the outcome of 11 newborn infants who received antibiotic treatment without exchange transfusion. The following results were obtained: 1) All 6 patients initially receiving antibiotics, which were ineffective in vitro, died. In this group of patients the incidence of septic organ involvements (meningitis, ventriculitis, peritonitis) was significantly increased. 2) Following exchange transfusion, an impressive clinical improvement was consistently observed. 3) In patients who had initially received effective antibiotics and exchange transfusion, the lethality was significantly lower than in patients without exchange transfusion. 4) Our bacteriological findings show that continuous monitoring of cultures from blood, CSF and stool is necessary to choose the most effective antibiotic in the prevailing nosocomical circumstances.
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PMID:Treatment of septicaemia in the newborn infant: choice of initial antimicrobial drugs and the role of exchange transfusion. 89 79

A 19-year-old male intravenous drug abuser, was admitted to hospital with a one-week history of lower limb weakness and urinary retention. He was known to have been HIV-seropositive for 3 years and had been treated for cerebral toxoplasmosis. Neurological examination confirmed flaccid paraparesis with weak ankle jerks and bilateral extensor plantar responses. There was no obvious sensory deficit. Neurological examination was otherwise normal. CSF contained 63 mg/dl protein and 10 leucocytes/mm3. Myelography was normal. He died 1 month later from septic peritonitis. Neuropathological examination showed chronic lesions of toxoplasmosis in brain. Small necrotic foci with myelin loss, proliferation of microglia, macrophages and multinucleated giant cells (MGC) were disseminated in the whole spinal cord, mostly in the white matter, but the brain was spared. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated p24 and p17 HIV antigens in macrophages, MGC and microglial cells. These lesions resemble those of so called 'multifocal giant cell encephalitis'. The present case demonstrates that HIV-related multifocal inflammatory changes may be restricted to the spinal cord and may be a cause of myelopathy in AIDS patients.
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PMID:Multifocal multinucleated giant cell myelitis in an AIDS patient. 185 90

Recently we described the predictive value of the proportion of HLA-DR+ peripheral blood monocytes for the clinical outcome of septic disease in immunosuppressed patients (allograft recipients) and surgical patients mostly with peritonitis as septic focus (following perforation of gastrointestinal tract). The experiments described here show that the loss of HLA-class II antigen expression and other phenotypical abnormalities of monocytes from septic patients with fatal outcome are associated with functional defects (antigen presentation, formation of reactive oxygen species, cytokine secretion). The picture of phenotypical and functional defects of monocytes was termed "immunoparalysis" (leading parameter: loss of HLA-DR antigen expression less than 20%). Interferon-gamma as well as GM-CSF normalized in vitro the surface antigen expression on monocytes derived from septic patients with "immunoparalysis". However, sera from patients with "immunoparalysis" prevented the cytokine-mediated effects on HLA-DR antigen expression. The inhibitory activity in septic sera was not dialysable. In order to remove such factors we started a plasmapheresis study in septic patients selected for "immunoparalysis". The preliminary data of this clinical trial suggest an improved survival rate.
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PMID:Alterations in function and phenotype of monocytes from patients with septic disease--predictive value and new therapeutic strategies. 204 40

The authors report the case of a 24 year old man with no previous disease who presented with a severe autonomic neuropathy. This included major gastrointestinal dysfunction characterised by decreased peristalsis without distension and paralysis of the gall bladder, and orthostatic hypotension with a normal cardiac tachycardia reflex. There was an associated sensory neuropathy affecting heat sensitivity without motor dysfunction and an increased CSF protein content. The proprioceptive nerve fibre conduction was decreased but another nerve conduction was normal initially. The mesenteric plexuses examined during sigmoidectomy performed for peritonitis due to multiple bowel perforations caused by fecoliths, showed no significant changes. Peripheral nerve biopsy revealed massive rarefaction of myelinated fibres which were of small diameter, and of the unmyelinated fibres, mainly due to axonal degeneration. Only two similar cases with incomplete recovery were found in the literature. In our case, a complete recovery was observed. The cause of the condition is unknown.
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PMID:[A case of acute sensory and autonomic neuropathy with regression]. 303 80

Ninety patients with serious infections, including 61 with septicaemia, pneumonia, peritonitis or meningitis, were treated with ceftazidime. Of these patients, 85.6% were clinically cured (73.3%) or improved (12.2%) by the antibiotic. In this study, 57.7% had infections due to Escherichia coli (24.7%), Klebsiella sp. (14.5%) and Pseudomonas sp. (18.5%). Two children with cystic fibrosis and Pseudomonas pneumonia and an adult with Legionella pneumonia responded well to ceftazidime treatment. Seventy patients had fever before treatment and most of them became apyrexial in less than 2 to 3 days. Ceftazidime was given either intramuscularly (42 patients) or intravenously (48 patients), in a dose of 1 g tds in 71 patients or 2 g tds in severe infections in 11 patients, or reduced to suit the renal function (7 patients) or in paediatric doses (2 children). Blood ceftazidime levels were measured in eight patients with normal renal function. The average level one hour post dosing was 45.2 mg/l and the average trough level was 8.1 mg/l. Six patients were suffering from variable degrees of renal insufficiency (serum creatinine 149 to 668 mmol/l). Their average blood level 1 h post-dosing was 68.8 mg/l. In a patient with meningitis, the CSF level was 2.4 mg/l 2 h after a 1 g dose. These levels are several times the ceftazidime MIC values for most clinical bacterial isolates. Ceftazidime is a valuable and safe alternative to aminoglycoside therapy.
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PMID:Ceftazidime: a new approach in the treatment of moderate and severe infections. 635 15

T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new 7 alpha-methoxycephem antibiotic, was fundamentally and clinically studied, and the following results were obtained. The antibacterial activities of T-1982 against clinical isolates of S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. marcescens, P. mirabilis and P. aeruginosa were determined in comparison with those of CER, CEZ, CMZ and CTT. Against S. aureus, CER and CEZ exhibited excellent activity, whereas T-1982 was less active with the peak MIC of 12.5 micrograms/ml even with the inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. The activity of T-1982 was equal to that of CTT and by far superior to that of CER, CEZ and CMZ against E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis, the peak MICs with the inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml being less than or equal to 0.1-0.2 microgram/ml, less than or equal to 0.1-0.2 microgram/ml and 0.2-0.39 microgram/ml, respectively. Against S. marcescens, T-1982 was superior to CMZ and CTT and 48% of the strains were inhibited by 3.13 micrograms/ml or less, whereas all the strains were resistant to CER and CEZ. The MIC of T-1982 against most strains of P. aeruginosa was more than 100 micrograms/ml. 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg of T-1982 was administered by one shot intravenous injection or 1 hour drip infusion to 23 pediatric patients to measure serum levels and urinary recovery. At 30 minutes after one shot injection of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, the highest serum levels of 22.0-38.8 micrograms/ml and 52.4-80 micrograms/ml were observed, the half-lives being 1.32 hours and 1.76 hours. When given by 1 hour drip infusion, the serum levels attained the peaks of 29.2-42.6 micrograms/ml and 49.0-75.6 micrograms/ml at the end of infusion, the half-lives being 1.24 hours and 1.19 hours. The urinary recovery rates within 6 hours were 74.2-92.5% and 50.2-66.5% by one shot injection and 63.4-84.2% and 53.9-79.0% by drip infusion. T-1982 was administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg by 30 minutes drip infusion to a child with purulent meningitis. The levels of T-1982 in the cerebrospinal fluid at 1 hour after administration were 4.8-6.7 micrograms/ml with the CSF/serum ratios of 4.4-8.4%. A total of 36 pediatric patients (21 cases of respiratory tract infection, 9 cases of urinary tract infection and each 1 case of purulent cervical lymphadenitis, scarlet fever, purulent meningitis, acute colitis, peritonitis and sinusitis) was treated with 40-80 mg/kg/day of T-1982 (252.6 mg/kg/day in purulent meningitis). The response was excellent in 27 patients and good in 7 patients, the efficacy rate being 94.4%. Diarrhea or eruption were observed in each 1 case. No abnormal laboratory findings were noted in any cases.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of pediatrics]. 641 Jan 1

Experimental and clinical studies in the pediatric field on 6059-S, a newly synthesized broad spectrum parenteral antibiotics, were carried out, and the following results were obtained. Antibacterial activities of 6059-S against S. pyogenes, S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa, recently isolated from patients, 50 strains respectively was compared with that of cefazolin (CEZ), cefmetazole (CMZ), ceftizoxime (CZX), cefotiam (CTM) and ticarcillin (TIPC). 6059-S was less active than the other compound against S. aureus and S. pyogenes, but was about 1-5 times more active than other CEZ, CTM, CMZ and CZX against E. coli, and 6059-S had a activity against P. aeruginosa. It was equal or slightly more activity than that of TIPC. Serum concentrations were measured in 14 infants (3 y 3m-12 y) by one shot or intravenous drip infusion with 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg. By one shot intravenous infusion, the peak of serum concentrations of 6059-S with 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg were 40.4-44.2 mcg/ml, 79.1-90.8 mcg/ml at 30 minutes after administration respectively, and that's half life were 1.5, 1.4 hours. By intravenous drip infusion, the peak of serum concentration was 89.9 mcg/ml at the end of administration, 13.7 mcg/ml at 5 hours after administration, and half life was 1.5 hours. The urinary recovery rate of 6059-S were 97.4, 67.4% during 6 hours in 2 cases. The cerebrospinal fluid concentration of 6059-S were 2.4-3.6 mcg/ml at 90 minutes after intravenous infusion administration, and the CSF/serum ratio were about 7-8%. Clinical studies of 6059-S was performed in total of 27 cases (25 patients); 8 cases of urinary tract infection, 15 cases of respiratory tract infection, 1 case of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 1 case of peritonitis, 2 cases of purulent meningitis, with the dose of 6059-S 150 mg/kg/day in purulent meningitis, 40-80 mg/kg/day in other disease. That's efficacy rate was 85.2%. Side effect observed in this therapy were 2 cases (exanthema 1, diarrhea 1), and 2 cases of rise of GOT, GPT.
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PMID:[Experimental and clinical studies on 6059-S (author's transl)]. 645 75

The medical records of children who had had CSF shunt procedures were reviewed for the seven-year period from 1975 through 1981. There were 516 procedures performed in 297 patients. Only three were ventriculoatrial shunts; the remainder were ventriculoperitoneal shunts. Fifty-nine infectious episodes (11%) occurred in 50 patients (17%); there were three relapses and six reinfections. The infecting pathogen was staphylococci in 75% of the infections and gram-negative bacilli in 19%, and there were two or more pathogens in 15% of the infections. The onset of the infection was within 15 days of surgery in 53% of the cases. The main symptoms were fever, irritability, and shunt malfunction. Gram's stain of the CSF was positive in 46% of the episodes and blood cultures were positive in 29%. Nineteen percent of patients had wound infection and 7% had peritonitis; in most of these cases there were no neurologic signs or symptoms. Thirteen episodes were managed with antibiotic therapy alone; among these, there were three relapses and two reinfections. Thirty-seven episodes were treated with antibiotics and immediate removal of the shunt; there were no relapses and three reinfections. Nine episodes were managed with antibiotics and delayed removal of the shunt; there was one reinfection. The median duration of antibiotic treatment was 15 days, and the time to defervescence was 24 hours in those with immediate removal of the shunt and six days in those in whom the shunt was not removed.
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PMID:CSF shunt infections in pediatrics. A seven-year experience. 650 92

Ten pediatric patients with refractory leukemia received continuous infusion high-dose cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) according to one of two escalating dosage schedules: (1) a 500-mg/m2 rapid infusion loading dose followed by 3.5 g/m2 per day continuous infusion daily for four consecutive days, or (2) a 600-mg/m2 rapid infusion loading dose followed by 5.0 g/m2 per day continuous infusion daily for four consecutive days. Major toxicity at the lower dosage level was grade IV hematopoietic aplasia of three weeks' duration. At the higher dosage level, there was a prohibitive toxicity in multiple organ systems including transient noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, fungal infections, peritonitis, severe diarrhea, transaminase elevations, and one treatment-related death due to acute renal failure. In contrast to other methods of administration of high-dose ara-C, no CNS toxicity occurred. Oncolytic responses were seen in all patients and two achieved brief, partial remissions. Steady-state plasma ara-C concentrations were 13 to 40 mumol/L at the 3.5-g/m2 dosage level and 10 to 225 mumol/L at the 5-g/m2 dosage level; CSF concentrations at both dosages ranged from 2 to 5 mumol/L. Intracellular levels and ratios of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytidine-5' triphosphate and endogenous deoxycytidine 5' triphosphate in marrow blasts varied widely at steady state during infusion. No positive correlation existed between steady-state plasma ara-C levels, toxicity, oncolytic effect, or intracellular nucleotide concentration.
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PMID:Continuous infusion high-dose cytosine arabinoside in refractory childhood leukemia. 659 35


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