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Query: UMLS:C0031154 (peritonitis)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report a case of a 25 year old Brazilian man with a history of crampy abdominal pain in the left iliac fossa for 2 weeks, abdominal distention, mucous diarrhea and anorexia. The patient presented signs of hemodynamic instability and a hard mass palpated in the left iliac fossa presented peritoneal irritation. At laparotomy, fecal peritonitis and a punched-out perforation of the midsigmoid colon were found. A left hemicolectomy was performed with terminal colostomy. Specimen examination revealed a thickened rectosigmoid wall, narrow lumen and multiple mucosal polyps. Microscopically, chronic granulomatous colitis with Schistosoma mansoni eggs confirmed the etiology. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of obstruction complicated with perforation due to mansoni schistosomiasis reported in the literature.
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PMID:Large intestine obstruction complicated with perforation: a rare manifestation of Schistosoma mansoni infection. 995 50

In this paper, the experience in the treatment of complications due to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for chronic renal failure with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is reported. Modified Renshen Yangrong Tang (Ginseng Nutrition Decoction) was used for anorexia and hypoproteinemia; modified Xiangsha Liujunzi Tang (Decoction of Cyperus and Amomum with Six Noble Ingredients) for abdominal pain and distension; modified Da Chaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) for peritonitis; modified Shenling Baizhu San (Powder of Ginseng, Poria and Atractylodes) for diarrhea due to insufficiency of the spleen with abundance of dampness; Lizhong Tang (Decoction for Regulating the Function of Middle-jiao) and modified Sishen Wan (Pills of Four Miraculous Drugs) for insufficiency of both the spleen and the kidney; Siwu Tang (Decoction of Four Ingredients) added with other drugs for cutaneous pruritus, and Guishao Sijunzi Tang (Decoction of Four Noble Drugs added with Chinese Angelica Root and white Peony Root) for renal anemia. The therapeutic principles of invigorating the liver and kidney, strengthening the bones and muscles, and promoting blood circulation to eliminate blood stasis were adopted in the treatment of renal osteopathy, and the therapeutic principles of invigorating the liver and kidney, expelling phlegm and resolving dampness, and promoting blood circulation to eliminate blood stasis in the treatment of hyperlipemia. Shen Tekang capsules (capsules for improving the renal function) was administered to patients for strengthening the viability and improving the nutrition state, and the recipe for treating renal function failure (both formulated by the authors) for improving the renal function so as to decrease the frequency and duration of dialysis.
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PMID:Treatment of complications due to peritoneal dialysis for chronic renal failure with traditional Chinese medicine. 1045 76

The aim of our study was a comparison of comorbid scores, peritonitis rates, dialysis adequacy, and nutritional parameters in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Patients were separated into two groups: those who, in the course of CAPD, were ingood clinical condition and underwent renal transplantation (group I, n = 11), and those who had to discontinue CAPD treatment (group II, n = 16) owing to death caused by comorbid disease or owing to transfer to hemodialysis for technique failure related mainly to recurrent peritonitis. Clinical scores were lower in group II, showing significantly more insomnia, weakness, and anorexia. The PET D/P creatinine, mean adequacy parameter, and urine output were similar in groups I and II. Daily protein intake (DPI) and daily energy intake (DEI) showed higher values in group I than in group II when expressed in g/kg and kcal/kg total body mass (TBM) respectively (DPI 1.09 +/- 0.15 g/kg TBM vs 0.92 +/- 0.31 g/kg TBM, p = 0.036; DEI 36.3 +/- 4.3 kcal/kg TBM vs 31.0 +/- 9.0 kcal/kg TBM, p = 0.048), but the intakes were not significantly different when calculated per kilogram ideal body mass (IBM). Lean body mass as a percent of total mass was 77.7% +/- 7.8% versus 73.9% +/- 6.8% (p = 0.048) in groups I and II respectively. Group I showed lower serum cholesterol than group II (179 +/- 33 mg/dL vs 231 +/- 41 mg/dL, p = 0.001) despite higher dietary intake of cholesterol (367 +/- 137 mg/day vs 251 +/- 97 mg/day, p = 0.016), correlating with DPI (r = +0.673, p = 0.023). Our results indicate that under conditions of similar CAPD adequacy, patients with a satisfactory course of CAPD therapy have higher dietary intake and are better nourished than those with a poor outcome. The changes in nutrition seem to be related to comorbid diseases and complications of CAPD therapy. Increased cholesterol level, associated with a diminished DPI, is prognostic of a poor outcome for CAPD patients.
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PMID:Differences in assessment of patients with satisfactory or complicated continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis courses. 1068 84

A case of tuberculous peritonitis, which has been scarcely encountered in clinical practice in recent years, is reported. A 32-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of abdominal fullness, anorexia, and a 15 kg weight loss. His abdomen was distended. There was neither any previous history nor recent contact with tuberculosis. The laboratory data indicated increased C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, but the white blood cell count was normal. A chest X-ray examination revealed no abnormalities. Abdominal X-ray showed scattered, small-intestinal gas shadows. Abdominal computed tomography scanning revealed a diffuse thickening of the dilated bowel wall, mainly adjacent to the mesentery. After a detailed examination a diagnosis of peritonitis carcinomatosa of unknown origin was suspected, and an exploratory laparotomy was done. Severe adhesions between the parietal peritoneum and the bowel were found. An excisional biopsy specimen was taken from the peritoneum, and a diagnosis of tuberculosis was thus made. Triple therapy with isoniazid, rifampicin, and kanamycin was started, and both the intestinal obstruction and anorexia were thus resolved.
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PMID:Tuberculous peritonitis defying diagnosis: report of a case. 1081 87

Fowl typhoid (FT) and pullorum disease (PD) are septicaemic diseases, primarily of chickens and turkeys, caused by Gram negative bacteria, Salmonella Gallinarum and S. Pullorum, respectively. Clinical signs in chicks and poults include anorexia, diarrhoea, dehydration, weakness and high mortality. In mature fowl, FT and PD are manifested by decreased egg production, fertility, hatchability and anorexia, and increased mortality. Gross and microscopic lesions due to FT and PD in chicks and poults include hepatitis, splenitis, typhlitis, omphalitis, myocarditis, ventriculitis, pneumonia, synovitis, peritonitis and ophthalmitis. In mature fowl, lesions include oophoritis, salpingitis, orchitis, peritonitis and perihepatitis. Transovarian infection resulting in infection of the egg and subsequently the chick or poult is one of the most important modes of transmission of these two diseases. Salmonella Gallinarum and S. Pullorum can be isolated by use of selective and non-selective media. Salmonella Pullorum produces rapid decarboxylation of ornithine whereas S. Gallinarum does not, an important biochemical difference between the two bacteria. Both FT and PD can be detected serologically by use of a macroscopic tube agglutination test, rapid serum test, stained antigen whole blood test or microagglutination test. Both diseases can be controlled and eradicated by use of serological testing and elimination of positive birds. Vaccines may be used to control the disease and antibiotics for the treatment of FT and PD. Although FT and PD are widely distributed throughout the world, the diseases have been eradicated from commercial poultry in developed countries such as the United States of America, Canada and most countries of Western Europe. Both S. Gallinarum and S. Pullorum are highly adapted to the host species, and therefore are of little public health significance.
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PMID:Fowl typhoid and pullorum disease. 1093 71

Two captive California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) from different facilities were diagnosed with disseminated blastomycosis. The first, a 12-yr-old male, died after a 3-wk history of progressive anorexia and lethargy. Gross examination revealed acute jejunitis with focal perforation and associated peritonitis, along with severe purulent bronchopneumonia. The second, a 15-yr-old female, was euthanized after a 2-wk history of severe cutaneous ulceration and declining clinical condition. Gross examination revealed severe pyogranulomatous bronchopneumonia and ulcerative dermatitis. Histopathologic examination in both individuals revealed severe multifocal subacute to chronic pyogranulomatous pneumonia associated with massive numbers of fungal organisms morphologically compatible with Blastomyces sp. Fungal organisms were 8-20-microm-diameter broad-based budding yeasts with thick, refractile, double-contoured walls. The male sea lion had multifocal transmural Blastomyces-induced enteritis with subsequent rupture and peritonitis. The organism was also present in the liver, with minimal associated inflammation. The female had severe multifocal pyogranulomatous ulcerative dermatitis associated with large numbers of intralesional fungal organisms. Dissemination to the spleen had occurred in both animals. A serologic immunodiffusion test for Blastomyces dermatitidis was positive in the male. The presumptive primary pathogen in both cases was Blastomyces dermatitidis.
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PMID:Disseminated blastomycosis in two California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). 1098 35

A 30-year-old male Sumatran orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) presented with signs of depression, lethargy, anorexia, and diarrhea that progressed to acute colic. Exploratory laparotomy revealed fibrinopurulent peritonitis and 50 cm of devitalized small intestine. The surgically resected small intestine contained several mucosal diverticula along the mesenteric attachment; one had ruptured, resulting in peritonitis. Fifteen days after surgery, the orangutan's abdominal incision dehisced. Repeated laparotomy revealed dehiscence of the distal intestinal anastomosis site, as well as extensive adhesions and purulent exudate. The defect was repaired, and the abdomen was extensively irrigated and closed, but the animal died within 24 hours. To our knowledge, this is the first report of diverticulitis in a great ape. Diverticulosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis for great apes that present with signs of depression, lethargy, anorexia, and/or diarrhea.
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PMID:Diverticulitis with rupture and fatal peritonitis in a Sumatran orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus). 1102 Jan 66

A three-year old male cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) presented with clinical signs of anorexia and depression that decreased over a 48-hour period. Results of abdominal radiography abdominocentesis, blood biochemical analysis and CBC suggested septic peritonitis. Exploratory laparotomy revealed multiple perforations along the mesenteric border of the small intestine. Necropsy revealed masses of fibrous material in the stomach and cecum. Multiple mucosal ulcerations, as well as linear fibrous material, were found in the small intestine. The ulceration, perforations, and septic peritonitis were attributed to the ingestion of rope that had been attached to the animal's cage as an environmental-enrichment device.
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PMID:Environmental enrichment-related injury in a macaque (Macaca fascicularis): intestinal linear foreign body. 1109 42

An 11-mo-old captive-bred male neutered bobcat (Felis rufus) presented with lethargy, anorexia, leukopenia, neutropenia, lymphopenia, and nonregenerative anemia. The animal was diagnosed as feline leukemia virus (FeLV) positive by immunofluorescent antibody and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) testing. It died despite supportive care. Pathologic examination revealed multifocal non-suppurative encephalitis, diffuse interstitial pneumonia, multifocal hepatocellular necrosis, non-suppurative peritonitis, and lymphoid depletion. FeLV was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, bone marrow, spleen, and lymph node. FeLV-specific gag sequences were amplified by DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and aligned with known domestic cat FeLV's. The source of the virus was speculated to be a domestic cat that was a surrogate nurse. Case reports of FeLV in nondomestic felids are few, and FeLV does not appear to be enzootic in wild felids, except European wildcats (Felis silvestris) in France and Scotland. Introduction of FeLV into free-living and captive nondomestic felid populations could have serious consequences for their health and survival. Measures to prevent the introduction of this virus to nondomestic felids are warranted.
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PMID:Feline leukemia virus in a captive bobcat. 1127 97

Beginning at the end of March 1999, a syndrome characterized by severe depression, anorexia, fever, and respiratory and enteric symptoms appeared in flocks of turkeys and, to a lesser extent, of chickens in the densely populated poultry-rearing regions of northeast Italy. The disease was characterized by sinusitis, tracheitis, peritonitis, and pancreatitis. The mortality varied between 5% and 90%. The disease was diagnosed as low pathogenic avian influenza, H7N1 serotype. After a summer period of declining cases, the disease reappeared in autumn exclusively in turkeys. Since the middle of December 1999, many farms of chickens, turkeys, and guinea fowl were abruptly affected by a highly pathogenic H7N1 virus, with very severe depression and mortality up to 100% in a few days. By the end of March 2000, nearly 500 farms, representing over 15 million birds, were affected or depopulated. To date, control measures have focused on improved biosecurity measures. Vaccine was not allowed, but its use was debated.
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PMID:Avian influenza epidemic in Italy due to serovar H7N1. 1133 92


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