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Query: UMLS:C0031154 (peritonitis)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical findings for 5 new cases of colonic perforation in corticosteroid-treated dogs were presented and 8 other cases from the literature were reviewed. Colonic perforation was a fatal complication in all 13 dogs, 12 of which had had recent major surgery. Ten dogs were neurosurgical patients, 1 dog received medical therapy for head trauma and nonambulatory paresis, and 2 dogs were operated on for non-neurologic conditions. Dexamethasone was the most frequently used corticosteroid, and 12 dogs received a mean cumulative dose of 6.4 mg/kg over an average period of 5.1 days. Depression, anorexia, and emesis, the most frequent signs attending colonic perforation, became evident 3 to 8 days after surgery. Signs preceded death by an average of 22.3 hours. Correct antemortem diagnosis (5 dogs) and surgical intervention (3 dogs) had no effect on eventual outcome (mortality = 100%). Colonic perforation most frequently developed in the proximal descending portion and always involved the antimesenteric border. Gross fecal contamination of the peritoneal cavity and acute generalized peritonitis were evident in all but one dog. Adhesions were observed at the lesion site in 6 dogs, but prevented gross soilage in only one dog.
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PMID:Colonic perforation in corticosteroid-treated dogs. 370 Feb 9

Anthropometric measurements, sixteen specific plasma proteins, triglycerides, cholesterol, urea and creatinine were measured at 4-monthly intervals for 1 year in 15 patients on CAPD. Delayed hypersensitivity skin tests were performed on 11 patients at the start and after 4 and 12 months. Body weight increased due mainly to a mean increase in 'calculated' body fat of 2.0 kg with increases in cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoprotein B. Gain in fat correlated with the daily supply of dextrose in the dialysis fluid. Albumin, transferrin, prealbumin and retinol-binding protein decreased in 8 patients who intermittently ate less than 1.3 g protein/kg/day. A high concentration of dextrose in the dialysis fluid probably caused loss of appetite. Peritonitis resulted in increases in acute phase proteins although other plasma proteins decreased. Skin test responses indicated improvement in cell-mediated immunity during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The incidence of peritonitis and length of stay in hospital were greater in the patients who were hypoalbuminaemic probably due to impairment of the humoral mechanism. Dextrose in dialysis fluid may contribute to hyperlipidaemia and malnutrition with impairment of immunocompetence.
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PMID:Nutrition and delayed hypersensitivity during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in relation to peritonitis. 372 25

Species differences in anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry lead to many dissimilarities between the canine and feline liver. Major differences exist in the interpretation of liver function tests, the significance of biochemical jaundice, the consequences of anorexia, and the efficiency of hepatic metabolic systems. Biochemical alterations in total bilirubin, ALT, and SAP may indicate the presence of disease in the feline liver. It is, however, impossible to make accurate diagnoses without liver biopsy. A liver biopsy can provide a diagnosis and prognosis and can guide the therapeutic plan. The feline hepatic diseases most frequently seen in our hospital are hepatic lipidosis, cholangiohepatitis complex, toxic hepatopathy, and hepatic neoplasia. Less common diseases of the feline liver include extrahepatic biliary obstruction, portacaval vascular anomalies, hepatic parasites, hepatic cysts, and diaphragmatic hernia. Systemic diseases that can effect the liver of cats are feline infectious peritonitis, multicentric lymphosarcoma, myeloproliferative diseases, hemolytic anemia, infectious panleukopenia, and systemic fungal infections.
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PMID:Feline hepatic disease. 639 53

Eighteen infants, children, and adolescents were trained in the techniques of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) as a therapy for end stage renal disease (ESRD) at the University of Florida. Fourteen patients successfully continued CAPD 4-24 months, for a total of 193 patient-months. Uremic symptoms were well controlled with blood urea nitrogen concentration (BUN) decreased to between 60 and 80 mg/dl. Parathyroid hormone levels increased but roentgenographic evidence of osteodystrophy improved in most patients. The rate of peritonitis was one episode in 7.7 patient-months. Blood transfusion requirements decreased for patients transferred from in-center hemodialysis to CAPD with no significant decrease in average hematocrits. Caloric intake was adequate and anorexia was usually not a major problem. Children who were evaluated for growth were under 15 years of age, with bone ages less than 12 years, and were using CAPD for longer than 6 months. Their mean growth velocity was 74.7 +/- 20.4% (SD) of the predicted velocity.
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PMID:Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in a program for children with end stage renal disease. 646 41

Sixty-four cases of gastrointestinal linear foreign body in the cat were reviewed. Most of the cats were less than 4 years old. The most common clinical signs were persistent vomiting, partial to complete anorexia, and depression. Abdominal palpation by itself was rarely diagnostic. Diagnosis in approximately 75% of the cases was possible, however, by using a combination of oral examination and abdominal palpation. Survey radiography contributed to the diagnosis in 86% of the cases in which it was used, based on evidence of bowel plication, presence of tapered, enteric gas bubbles, gathering of the small intestine, peritonitis, intestinal needles, or bowel obstruction. Surgery (gastrotomy and multiple enterotomies) was necessary in 96.9% of the cases, and most of the cats so treated did well (83.9%). Approximately 50% of the cats with linear foreign body-induced bowel lacerations recovered.
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PMID:Thread and sewing needles as gastrointestinal foreign bodies in the cat: a review of 64 cases. 669 39

A bilaterally nephrectomized dog was successfully supported with peritoneal dialysis for 54 days, using a radically new design of access catheter and a human dialysis schedule designated as continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The dog remained active and alert with a stabilized blood urea nitrogen of 30 to 40 mg/dl and a serum creatinine concentration of 4 to 6.5 mg/dl. Problems encountered with the peritoneal dialysis included the propensity for developing peritonitis, anorexia, and a significant plasma protein loss in the dialysate fluid as result of leakage across the peritoneum. Protein loss coupled with anorexia produced a catabolic state, and the animal was euthanatized because of this, at postnephrectomy day 54. The development of a new catheter design alleviated the drainage problems of the straight tube Tenckhoff catheter. Its use coupled with the continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis schedule and detailed management techniques allowed using the anephric dog as a model of uremia. In addition, peritoneal dialysis could be a viable treatment for animals presenting with acute reversible anuric or oliguric renal failure where conservative medical management with fluids and diuretics has failed to give clinical improvement.
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PMID:Support of an anephric dog for 54 days with ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and a newly designed peritoneal catheter. 674 76

We analyzed retrospectively the clinical data of 9 patients with miliary tuberculosis who had been treated in Kyoto City Hospital during the past 12 years. Majority of our patients were female (7 of 9) and were of elder age-groups (mean age: 68.5 years, range: 56-85 years). The most common symptoms at the first visit were fever, fatigue and loss of appetite, but respiratory symptoms were rather rare and moderate. Some cases showed normal chest radiograms at the onset, but during the course of the disease miliary shadows were noticed in all cases. Tuberculin test and smear examination of sputum were not diagnostic. In 4 cases, fiberoptic bronchoscopy had been performed together with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), bronchial washing and transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB). Smear examination BAL-fluid or bronchial washing for acid-fast bacilli was positive in all 4 cases tested. In 7 cases, serum level of tumor markers (CEA, TPA, SLX, NSE, SCC, CA19-9, CA125, DU-PAN 2 and Elastase I) had been measured under the suspicion of malignant diseases. CEA had elevated in 6 cases, NSE in 2 cases, SLX, TPA, CA19-9, CA125 and DU-PAN 2 in 1 case each, and, as a whole, at least one tumor marker had elevated in 6 of 7 cases tested. Though the degree of such elevation of tumor markers had not been so remarkable except for CA125 in a patient who had been complicated with tuberculous peritonitis, but from these results malignancy had not been' able to rule out.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical studies on nine cases with miliary tuberculosis: serum level of tumor markers and bronchoscopy in differential diagnosis]. 783 21

Ochroconis gallopavum was identified as the causal agent of fatal encephalitis in a young, short-hair, domestic cat. The cat initially developed an ulcerated mass on the left side of the tongue and signs of pain in the abdomen. The tongue lesion was surgically removed and exploratory abdominal surgery revealed abnormalities suggestive of pancreatitis and peritonitis. During the month after surgery, the cat's health declined, manifested by sluggishness, loss of appetite and abnormal behaviour. Following a final rapid deterioration, the cat became non-responsive and was euthanized. Histologic examination of the brain, lung and mediastinal lymph node lesions revealed large numbers of pigmented, septate, branched, hyphal elements with swollen intercalary and terminal vesicles, and short chains of moniliform hyphal cells. Cultures of the mediastinal lymph nodes yielded a dematiaceous, thermotolerant fungus that was identified as O. gallopavum. This report describes the first well-documented infection in a cat caused by O. gallopavum.
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PMID:Fatal encephalitis caused by Ochroconis gallopavum in a domestic cat (Felis domesticus). 806 45

In 3 clinically ill dogs, signs of gastroduodenal ulceration were first noticed within 7 days of beginning flunixin meglumine administration and included pyrexia, anorexia, weight loss, vomiting, melena, pain on abdominal palpation, and abdominal distention. One dog was euthanatized and 2 dogs recovered after surgical repair of the perforated ulcers and treatment of peritonitis. Prolonged administration of flunixin meglumine should be avoided, especially in debilitated dogs or when concurrently administering other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or corticosteroids.
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PMID:Gastroduodenal ulceration associated with flunixin meglumine administration in three dogs . 824 May 50

We developed a surgical technique for management of retained eggs in emus. Clinical signs associated with egg retention include cessation of laying activity or failure to lay eggs, lethargy, anorexia, straining, and passing egg material, and diagnosis can be made by external palpation, abdominal radiography, and ultrasonography. The retained eggs were removed through a paramedian abdominal incision in all birds. One bird was euthanatized at surgery because of severe peritonitis resulting from uterine rupture at the site of obstruction by the retained egg. Three birds survived and were discharged from the hospital to the owners. Egg peritonitis resulting from eggs or egg remnants in the abdominal cavity was evident in the birds that survived surgery. Surgery and administration of antimicrobials were successful in resolving the peritonitis.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of egg retention in emus. 827 7


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