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Query: UMLS:C0031154 (peritonitis)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The study on sensitivity of clinical strains of the causative agents of purulent infections to carbenicillin showed that 34.6% of the staphylococcal strains, 48.1% of the E. coli strains and 40.3% of the Proteus strains were sensitive to the antibiotic. The strains of Ps. aeruginosa were characterized by moderate sensitivity to carbenicillin. The MTC for most of the isolates ranged within 25-128 microgram/ml. High therapeutic efficacy of carbenicillin in treatment of cases with purulent inflammatory processes of various localization was shown. Positive results were obtained in 82.5% of the adults and 76.2% of the premature infants treated with carbenicillin. A satisfactory therapeutic effect was observed in the cases with sepsis, diffuse purulent peritonitis and abscessing pneumonia treated with carbenicillin in combination with gentamicin.
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PMID:[Clinical effectiveness of carbenicillin in suppurative inflammatory processes of varying localization]. 38 Apr 55

Previous studies have found serum tobramycin concentrations greater than 8 mg/L among patients undergoing treatment for peritonitis using hourly dialysate exchanges containing 10 mg/L of tobramycin. In this study, tobramycin absorption from the peritoneal cavity was evaluated among patients treated with exchanges of 180 min. intraperitoneal duration. Six patients in each group were studied. Mass transfer coefficients [MTC (mL/min.)] were calculated for noninfected (C) and peritonitis (P) periods. The mean MTC for C was 6.5 +/- 2.1 (SD) mL/min., and for P, 18.5 +/- 8.2 (SD) mL/min. (p less than 0.01). Peritonitis increased the rate of uptake from the peritoneal cavity. In these acute studies, the total dose of tobramycin delivered was small, so that serum concentrations remained less than 0.2 mg/L among controls and 0.5 mg/L among patients with peritonitis. Prolonged exposure to tobramycin, in association with more rapid absorption from the peritoneal cavity, may lead to serum concentrations greater than 8 mg/L.
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PMID:Tobramycin absorption from the peritoneal cavity. 209 32

Functional stability of the peritoneum is essential for patients on long-term continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) treatment. Sixteen patients on CAPD treatment for at least 4 years were studied. Their mean age was 47 +/- 15 years, 5 were males, and none were diabetic. Residual creatinine clearance at the beginning was 2.1 +/- 2.6 mL/min. Once yearly since starting CAPD, we have evaluated their peritoneal ultrafiltration (UF) and diffusion capacities by calculating the peritoneal mass transfer coefficient (MTC, mL/min) for urea and creatinine. Patients were categorized so that we could distinguish the effect of peritonitis, betablockers, and hypertension. For all patients the average initial and final MTCs and UF values were not different. Early episodes of peritonitis (those occurring less than 36 months after starting CAPD) did not influence long-term function. However, late peritonitis (occurring greater than 36 months since initiation) induced a decrease in urea-MTC (22.3 +/- 6 to 15.8 +/- 3.9, p less than 0.05), creatinine-MTC (9.4 +/- 3.1 to 7.4 +/- 2.5, p less than 0.05), and a corresponding increase in UF (1.25 +/- 0.4 to 1.4 +/- 0.3, mL/min, p less than 0.05). Age, sex, betablockers and hypertension did not influence the peritoneal parameters followed. After 5 years on CAPD, functional stability of the peritoneum is evident, except for patients who suffer late episodes of peritonitis. We speculate that the peritoneum in patients who have been on long-term CAPD are more susceptible to injuries, such as peritonitis, and that this results in functional deterioration.
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PMID:Peritoneal functional parameters after five years on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD): the effect of late peritonitis. 257 60

Ultrafiltration failure (UFF) is one of the most frequent causes of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) dropout and is a common consequence of peritoneal hyperpermeability secondary to inappropriate regeneration of mesothelial cells. In this paper we present the results of 25 peritoneal resting periods of 4 weeks in 16 patients who showed UFF. The mean duration of CAPD was 44 +/- 22 months. All patients had been free of peritonitis for at least 3 months when included in the peritoneal resting trial. UFF was always defined as a long-lasting decrease of UF capacity such that dry weight could no longer be achieved by CAPD. The former incidence of peritonitis was 3.9 +/- 2.3 episodes. Results compared to the preresting data: urea MTC (mass transfer coefficient) decreased from 24.9 +/- 6.8 to 21.0 +/- 6.1 (p < 0.05), creatinine MTC from 16.5 +/- 6.0 to 13.8 +/- 4.0 (p < 0.05), and UF increased from 493.8 +/- 278.0 to 881.3 +/- 388.1 (p < 0.001). The response in terms of UF in patients with low permeability ultrafiltration (creat MTC less than 13) was heterogeneous and lower than in patients with criteria of hyperpermeability (greater than 13): 720 +/- 396 to 1150 +/- 533 (NS) versus 491 +/- 310 to 808 +/- 205, respectively. Simultaneously, creatinine MTC did not change in the former group (10.2), while hyperpermeability patients showed a remarkable decrease (19 +/- 5 to 15 +/- 2, p < 0.05). In conclusion, peritoneal resting is a useful tool in the management of ultrafiltration failure in CAPD patients, primarily in those with peritoneal hyperpermeability.
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PMID:Peritoneal resting is beneficial in peritoneal hyperpermeability and ultrafiltration failure. 810 63

Peritoneal dialysis patients may need solute permeability transport evaluation during acute peritonitis. The aim of this study was to assess if the simplified mass transfer coefficient (MTCS) or the peritoneal equilibration test (PET) was equivalent to the complex MTC (MTCX) in solute transport evaluation during acute peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. We studied 15 episodes of peritonitis (PTIS). Results were compared to a baseline patient study (PRE) and a control study done 30 days after diagnosis of peritonitis (POST). All peritoneal evaluation methods showed a significant increase in solute transport during acute peritonitis compared to baseline and control studies. There was an acceptable correlation between MTCX and simplified methods including the PET in the baseline and control studies. However, correlation between MTCX and simplified methods decreased during acute peritonitis. Likewise, the PET showed a better correlation with MTCX than MTCS. We conclude that the PET has an acceptable agreement with MTCX even during acute peritonitis, so the PET can be a useful tool in evaluating peritonitis-induced peritoneal permeability changes.
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PMID:Peritoneal transport evaluation in peritonitis: comparison between methods. 853 89

Mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT) is an autoregulated physiological process of tissue repair that in uncontrolled conditions, such as peritoneal dialysis (PD), can lead to peritoneal fibrosis. The maximum expression of sclerotic peritoneal syndromes (SPS) is the encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) for which no specific treatment exists. The SPS includes a wide range of peritoneal fibrosis that appears progressively and is considered as a reversible process, while EPS does not. EPS is a serious complication of PD characterized by a progressive intra-abdominal inflammatory process that results in bridles and severe fibrous tissue formation which cover and constrict the viscera. Recent studies show that transdifferentiated mesothelial cells isolated from the PD effluent correlate very well with the clinical events such as the number of hemoperitoneum and peritonitis, as well as with PD function (lower ultrafiltration and high Cr-MTC). In addition, in peritoneal biopsies from PD patients, the MMT correlates very well with anatomical changes (fibrosis and angiogenesis). However, the pathway to reach EPS from SPS has not been fully and completely established. Herein, we present important evidence pointing to the MMT that is present in the initial peritoneal fibrosis stages and it is perpetual over time, with at least theoretical possibility that MMT initiated the fibrosing process to reach EPS.
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PMID:Are the Mesothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition, Sclerotic Peritonitis Syndromes, and Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis Part of the Same Process? 2347 71