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Query: UMLS:C0031154 (peritonitis)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-nine ventriculo-peritoneal shunts in children have been analyzed since 1962 to 1976 at the Neurological Institute in Montevideo. In these cases there were 8 important abdominal complications (20%): 7 were associated with ventriculitis, all with infiltration or fistula on the trajet, 3 cases were operated on because of intestinal occlusion, 1 of them with perforative acute peritonitis. In the others, gastric distention, abdominal distention, and transient ileus were found. Five patients died, 4 of them with ventriculitis, 3 children who had suffered ventriculitis, survived. They overcame their hydrocephalus by means of ventriculo-atrial shunts, afterwards their infection was cured. From the result of the test of these cases it is gathered in view of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt disfunction, that it is necessary to: 1) As far as possible rule out ventriculitis. 2) In cases in which ventriculitis should be proved to exist and with a peritoneal reject, after the infection has been cured, one should not insist with the ventriculo-peritoneal diversion, because in this case the possibility of the relapse taking into account the abdominal intolerance, increases. After the ventriculitis should be got over with a proper bacteriological control, a ventriculo-atrial shunt must be performed. 3) The changing of the form of the divertion system is considered immediately after an abdominal aseptic intolerance is present (ileus, ascites, etc.), due to the double risk of intestinal occlusion or ventriculitis.
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PMID:[Abdominal complications of the ventriculo peritoneal derivations]. 105

As an alternative to the extraluminal methods of Noble and Childs-Phillips, the intraluminal splinting of small bowel with the Baker-Tube offers a new possibility in the operative treatment of ileus secondary to adhesions. We report our experiences in 28 patients, using this procedure. An unselected group with severe adhesions was treated with the Baker-Tube, in the majority of the cases at the time of the emergency operation. The immediate postoperative course as well as the results of follow-up examinations 1/2 to 3 1/2 years after the operation are reported. Our experiences can be summarized as follows: 1. Generalized, extensive adhesions are the best indication for the intraluminal splinting. The Baker-Tube should be used with reserve in cases of early and often complicated relaparotomies, especially in the presence of diffuse peritonitis, because of the danger of bowel perforation at the tip of the Tube. 2. The procedure is less time consuming than Noble's operation and in addition allows immediate decompression of the small bowel while advancing the tube. A careful technique is important to prevent complications:--tight closure of the jejunostomy at the insertion point.--fixation of the jejunal loop to the abdominal wall with non absorbable sutures.--in cases of compromised lumen at the insertion point, an entero-entero-anastomosis between afferent and efferent loop should be done. With these precautions, fistulas, detachment of the jejunostoma and stenosis of the jejunal loop can be prevented. 3. Postoperative bowel function is usually rapidly restored, a distinct advantage when compared to the Noble procedure. 4. The rate of complications in our patients is lower than in a reported comparable group with Noble technique. 5. The recurrence rate is much lower than in a reported comparable group with Noble technique. Intraluminal splinting with the Baker-Tube can be recommended as an effective procedure in the treatment of ileus secondary to adhesions.
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PMID:[Plication of small bowel by the baker-tube for operative treatment of ileus secondary to adhesions (author's transl)]. 118 87

A review of the literature covering c. 158,000 laparotomies shows that acute relaparotomy has an incidence of 1.0% and a mortality rate of 43%. Over and above this, rupture of the abdominal wound, which illogically is often considered separately, occurs in 0.6% of all laparotomies and carries a mortality of 34% in the 179,000 laparotomies reviewed in this article. Our own series of 121 relaparotomies in 16,719 cases of laparotomy (an incidence of 0.72%, including burst abdomen) with a 28.1% mortality is discussed. Indications for relaparotomy have included haemorrhage (19%), ileus (25%), peritonitis (32%), wound rupture (22%), and other causes (2%).
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PMID:Relaparotomy. A ten-year series. 121 Oct 35

Granulomatous inflammation of the peritoneal surfaces resulting from exposure to cornstarch granules from surgical gloves produces a syndrome of abdominal pair, adynamic ileus, fever, peritonitis, variable white blood cell count, and inflammatory ascites. Symptoms develop three to four weeks after a routine abdominal surgical procedure. Recognition of this entity by nonsurgical means is necessary to avoid reoperation. Paracentesis with examination of fluid by polarized light offers the best method of non-surgical diagnosis. Treatment is with steroids or indomethacin or conservative measures. To prevent the disease, gloves must be washed effectively before operation.
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PMID:Surgery. Cornstarch peritonitis following the trail of the surgeon's gloves. 124 40

Despite the advantages of aseptic nonoperative intubation of the small intestine for decompression of obstructed loops, 48% of the attempts lead to failure to pass the tube through the pylorus. The difficulty and inconvenience of passage beyond the stomach have been overcome by the development of a special tube attachment adapted to a fiberoptic duodenoscope (Olympus Model GIF-K). Under direct endoscopic vision the tube can be carried into the second and third portion of the duodenum, released from the scope, and then further prodded into the jejunum. The entire procedure takes less than 15 minutes. Rapid intubation has now been easily carried out in five patients. Three patients had mechanical bowel obstruction. Rapid and effective decompression allowed adequate time for stabilization of concomitant serious problems such as (1) marked cardiopulmonary dysfunction secondary to a near fatal pulmonary embolus, (2) severe peritonitis post appendectomy, and (3) acidosis and dehydration. Surgical correction of the obstructing lesions was safely deferred for up to one week until the concomitant problems improved. The fourth patient, who was a renal transplant recipient, had chronic gastric ileus secondary to duodenal ulcer. Rapid passage of the long tube into the jejunum allowed restoration of nutrition and avoidance of gastrostomy. The fifth patient, with an ileus secondary to an infected abdominal aortic graft, underwent successful decompression but died of sepsis. He represents the only mortality. We propose that jejunal intubation using our technic is not only rapid but relatively easy and should encourage the wider acceptance of aseptic long tube intestinal decompression.
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PMID:Rapid long tube intubation of the jejunum by a new endoscopic device. 124 60

The results of selective proximal vagotomy and pyloroplasty for duodenal and gastric ulcer in 464 patients over the last 5 years were evaluated in 438 cases. More than 75% of the patients were observed for 2 years after the operation. More than 25% were emergency cases, the incidence of intraoperative complications like splenic lesions or perforation of the esophagus was 3.2%. Postoperative complications like leakage of the pyloroplasty, peritonitis, hemorrhage from the pyloroplasty or disruption of the laparotomy closure occurred in 14,4%. The overall mortality was 4.6%, the elective mortality 1.6%. Recurrent ulcers were seen after 1/2-2 1/4 years with an overall rate of 3.2%. Over half of these cases required relaparotomy. In 5.3% relaparotomy had to be done for peritonitis, GI-bleeding, bleeding from the lesser curvature of the stomach, ileus or carcinoma. The Pentagastrin stimulated gastric secretion remained constantly reduced for more then 2 years in over 60%. Following the Visick-grading system the results were good in 61-65% of the patients and bad in 16-22% depending on the time of observation.
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PMID:[Clinical results by selective proximal vagotomy with pyloroplasty (author's transl)]. 125 50

A case of SLE with the unique association of gastric polyps and vasculitis is reported. Gastrointestinal symptoms, surgical indications, and complications of SLE with gastrointestinal involvement are reviewed. The unusual patterns of ileus or lupus peritonitis secondary to mesenteric vasculitis must be differentiated from a true surgical emergency. Corticosteroids may be expected to produce rapid clinical improvement in the two former instances. Surgical exploration is reserved for those cases with clinical or radiologic evidence of uncontrollable hemorrhage, bowel perforation, or mesenteric infarction.
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PMID:Systemic lupus erythematosus: unusual presentation with gastric polyps and vasculitis. 126 20

Emergency operations due to acute colonic disease between 1. 1. 1984 and 31. 12. 1991 were retrospectively analyzed with regard to causality, surgical procedure, complications and mortality. 55 of 1105 colonic operations were emergency cases requiring immediate surgical intervention. Primary continuity preserving resections were carried out whenever possible, attending not only to the acute situation but also to the primary disease. The mean age of the 26 females and 29 males was 69 [1, 9] years. 29 patients had a colonic ileus, 21 a diffuse peritonitis and 5 patients had an uncontrolled haemorrhage. Colorectal carcinomas were initially diagnosed in 20 of the 50 patients; 14 of these patients (70%) could be operated for potential cure and primary continuity preserving resections were also possible for 14 patients (70%). Continuity preserving resections were possible for 18 of 21 patients with peritonitis and 3 colonic perforations were oversutured. In the 5 patients with acute haemorrhage, 4 resections and one transanal intervention were performed. Postoperative complications were observed in 19 patients (35%). Postoperative mortality was 16% (9/55), 5% for operations due to peritonitis, 24% for operations due to colonic ileus and 20% for operations due to haemorrhage. Primary continuity preserving resections were possible for 39 of 55 patients (71%).
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PMID:[Surgical emergency interventions in acute diseases of the large intestine]. 128 50

The results of treatment of 184 patients with acute ileus of non-tumour genesis operated on at the clinic within the period of from 1981 to 1990 are presented. In elimination of ileus without the surgical intervention, together with intensive therapy, intestinal decompression was used. Of 19 patients with acute ileus associated with peritonitis operated on, 12 underwent resection of the intestine. The use of enterosorption as well as extracorporeal hemosorption contributed to elimination of endogenous intoxication.
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PMID:[Tactics of the surgical treatment of acute intestinal obstruction]. 138 42

Between January 1985 and May 1990, 16 neonates were treated for meconium ileus (MI) at this hospital. All babies were born to Chinese couples. Seven of them were premature, but none of them weighed less than 1,000 g. Eight patients underwent operations either because of mistaken diagnosis, as ileal atresia or long-segment Hirschsprung's disease, or because of complicated MI, including two meconium peritonitis and one associated with ileal atresia. Gastrograffin enema was successful in management of eight uncomplicated MI. The albumin content in the meconium of the last nine cases, including four complicated cases, ranged from 9.2 to 93.3 mg/g dry meconium. Usually, albumin is not present in normal meconium. All cases received sweat test, which were negative. Three patients died in the follow-up period. Sepsis of unknown origin, multiple congenital anomalies, and severe metabolic problems were the causes of death. The other 13 patients are doing well. They have exhibited no pulmonary or digestive problems during their follow-up period, which ranged from 11 months to 5 years. They are healthy and receive regular diets. Growth and development are appropriate for their age groups.
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PMID:Meconium ileus-like condition in Chinese neonates. 833 23


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