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Query: UMLS:C0031154 (peritonitis)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A prospective study concerning 100 consecutive cases of colonic resections and anastomosis with single layer sutures is reported where radiological controls 10-12 days postoperatively had been carried out. An anastomotic insufficency was recognized clinically in 15%; in 6% a small leakage was only detectable radiologically. 50% of all anastomotic deficencies were seen in cases with preexisting perforation peritonitis or ileus, especially if an emergency resection had been necessary due to septic complications. 3 out of the 7 deaths were connected with dehiscence in the suture line.
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PMID:[100 consecutive colonic resections with single layer sutures and early radiologic postoperative controls]. 77 6

In terms of a short review indications and applications of infusion therapy in gastroenterology (concerning vomiting, fistulas, diarrhea, ileus and peritonitis) are discussed. It is pointed out that in cases of water and electrolyte deficiency a rigid regimen is not reasonable. If possible a balance should be obtained. Parenteral nutrition is applied in obstructions of the upper gastrointestinal tract and in maldigestion and malabsorption.
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PMID:[Infusion therapy in gastrointestinal diseases]. 81 18

Paralytic ileus is always a reaction of the organism to a disturbance usually due to metabolism. A treatment without elimination of the eliciting cause seems, therefore, to have little point. The efficacy of many substances given to stimulate peristalsis has not been proved. Drawing off the contents of the stomach and controlled infusion therapy, on the other hand, are important parts of the treatment, as for mechanical ileus. For the surgical emptying of the intestine, the most suitable procedure is retrograde squeezing of the intestinal contents to the stomach and aspiration through a nasal sound. Enterotomies should be avoided if at all possible. Surgical intervention for paralytic ileus is most frequently necessary in the postoperative phase, usually caused by a peritonitis with or without anastomotic failure. Differentiation from mechanical obstruction is not always possible. In the Erlangen Hospital, 233 patients were treated for postoperative ileus from 1965 to 1974. All patients with a mechanical ileus were operated on, the mortality was 17%. Of 123 patients with a paralytic ileus, 82 were operated on and 45 died. The mortality was almost equally high in patients not operated on.
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PMID:[Paralytic and postoperative ileus (author's transl)]. 81 54

Analysis of the clinical and autopsy reports of 200 deaths following surgery for colorectal cancer from 1956 to 1974, at the Dept. of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, revealed that pneumonia (24.5%) was the most common cause of death followed by peritonitis (22%), pulmonary embolism (15.5%), advanced tumor disease (14%), cardiac failure (9.5%), ileus (5.5%), and others (9%). The explanation for the postoperative mortality rate of 12% (cancer of colon) and 13.2% (cancer of rectum) lies in the fact that 82.5% of those who died postoperatively were beyond the age of 60, and 40.5% beyond 70 years at the time of surgery. Moreover, in 50.5% advanced tumors with regional and/or distant metastases were found. In 55.5% severe preoperative complications (ileus: 38%, peritonitis: 11%, abscess formation or hemorrhage: 6.5%) required an emergency operation. Only 38.5% of the procedures were considered for cure. Besides the need for early recognition of the cancer, intensification of pre- and postoper treatment appears to be the predominant task in the effort to decrease postoperative mortality.
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PMID:[Analysis of postoperative deaths in colon and rectal cancer (author's transl)]. 84 78

Commercially available surgical gloves contain a derivative of cornstarch and peritonitis induced by particles of starch shed from gloves can be a serious complication of abdominal surgery. Five documented and two suspected cases of this condition are known to have occurred at this institution during a recent 12-month period, when 4,965 intra-abdominal procedures were performed. Clinical features included fever, migratory abdominal pain, and ileus. Treatment with corticosteroids proved effective. Studies of the effectiveness of operating room precautions used to eliminate starch contamination indicated that these precautions do not eliminate the problem completely. Preliminary experience with the use of sodium bicarbonate as a substitute for cornstarch derivatives to "lubricate" surgical gloves has proved promising in eliminating the hazard of starch peritonitis.
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PMID:Starch peritonitis and its prevention. 84 52

155 operations performed on patients with diverticulitis of the colon at the Department of Surgery, University of Mainz Medical School, were analyzed retrospectively. Mortality was 5.4% in elective surgical interventions. Primary resection was possible only in a few of the emergency cases. In cases with ileus apalliative colostomy was performed mostly as a first step of surgical therapy: if perforation had occurred into the abdominal cavity simple closure, drainage and colostomy, or eventration of the perforated region were the first steps of surgical therapy. Mortality in the emergency patients was 45.5% due to the bad general condition after longstanding ileus or due to continuing smouldering fecal peritonitis after perforation. This bad prognosis does support our view, that colectomy should be done early in patients with chronic recurrent diverticulitis.
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PMID:[Diverticulitis of the colon, indications and results of surgery (author's transl)]. 85 7

Elective surgical procedures in old age can be planned and the patient be prepared for surgery. In contrast to this emergency procedures have a much higher risk. Beyond the 7th decade the mortality rate has a steep increase and in the 9th decade comes to more than 50%. In cases of ileus and peritonitis with preoperative shock the mortality is about 90%. The operation time ist of decisive importance, it should be as short as possible. Having an experience anaesthesiologist at disposal, the used anaesthesiologic method is of less interest.
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PMID:[Anaesthesiologic problems in old age (author's transl)]. 86 24

During the period from 1957 up to and including December 1975, the surgical clinic of Nijmegen admitted 82 patients with the diagnoses of diverticulosis and diverticulitis of the colon: the diagnosis of diverticulosis was made in 16 cases; in 17 diverticulitis was diagnosed and these patients were treated by conservative methods. Forty-nine patients were subjected to operation for diverticulitis. Of the patients treated conservatively, none died; of those treated by operation, three (6%) died. There were nine patients with peritonitis and three with ileus who required emergency surgery. As a matter of principle these patients were treated in several stages; none of them died.
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PMID:Findings in patients with diverticulosis and diverticulitis of the colon. 97 Sep 75

Gastrografin (methylglucamine diatrizoate) enemas were carried out in 2 newborn infants with meconium ileus. Evacuation was slow and incomplete. Both patients died within 72 hours following enemas from bowel necrosis, perforation and peritonitis. Although it is not possible to implicate Gastrografin directly as the cause, it is suggested that it may have contributed substantially to bowel necrosis. Recent experimental evidence of colonic inflammation and occasionally necrosis caused by Gastrografin lends support to this hypothesis. Caution should be exercised to prevent not only the systemic osmotic effects of Gastrografin, but also potential local injury to the bowel, especially when underlying disease interferes with intestinal viability.
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PMID:Possible adverse effect of methylglucamine diatrizoate compounds on the bowel of newborn infants with meconium ileus. 98 69

The characteristics of 46 patients unable to take a solid diet within two weeks of gastric resection and had no other post-operative complications are reviewed. The incidence of delayed gastric emptying was found to be 2 1/2 times greater in patients with vagotomy and hemigastrectomy than in those with subtotal gastrectomy. In addition, postoperative delay was often prolonged in the hemigastrectomy and vagotomy group. Mechanical factors were responsible for delay in only 10% of these patients. Possible explanations for these delays are made and it is suggested that localized starch peritonitis may explain many cases of "functional efferent limb ileus." Measures to evaluate the source of delay are recommended and suggest conservative management for the majority of patients. Reoperation is reserved for those who require feeding or draining enterostomy tubes and those whose clinical course and evaluation suggest obstruction.
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PMID:Delayed gastric emptying following gastrectomy. 99 46


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