Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0031154 (peritonitis)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The type I glycoprotein S of coronavirus, trimers of which constitute the typical viral spikes, is assembled into virions through noncovalent interactions with the M protein. Here we demonstrate that incorporation is mediated by the short carboxy-terminal segment comprising the transmembrane and endodomain. To this aim, we used the virus-like particle (VLP) system that we developed earlier for the mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV-A59) and which we describe now also for the unrelated coronavirus feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV; strain 79-1146). Two chimeric MHV-FIPV S proteins were constructed, consisting of the ectodomain of the one virus and the transmembrane and endodomain of the other. These proteins were tested for their incorporation into VLPs of either species. They were found to assemble only into viral particles of the species from which their carboxy-terminal domain originated. Thus, the 64-terminal-residue sequence suffices to draw the 1308 (MHV)- or 1433 (FIPV)-amino-acid-long mature S protein into VLPs. Both chimeric S proteins appeared to cause cell fusion when expressed individually, suggesting that they were biologically fully active. This was indeed confirmed by incorporating one of the proteins into virions which thereby acquired a new host cell tropism, as will be reported elsewhere.
 ...
PMID:Assembly of spikes into coronavirus particles is mediated by the carboxy-terminal domain of the spike protein. 1062 71

The natural physiological ligands for selectins are oligosaccharides found in glycoprotein or glycolipid molecules in cell membranes. In order to study the role of sugar residues in the in vivo lectin anti-inflammatory effect, we tested three leguminous lectins with different carbohydrate binding affinities in the peritonitis and paw oedema models induced by carrageenin in rats. L. sericeus lectin was more anti-inflammatory than D. virgata lectin, the effects being reversed by their specific binding sugars (N-acetylglucosamine and alpha-methylmannoside, respectively). However, V. macrocarpa, a galactose-specific lectin, was not anti-inflammatory. The proposed anti-inflammatory activity of lectins could be due to a blockage of neutrophil-selectin carbohydrate ligands. Thus, according to the present data, we suggest an important role for N-acetylglucosamine residue as the major ligand for selectins on rat neutrophil membranes.
 ...
PMID:Leguminous lectins as tools for studying the role of sugar residues in leukocyte recruitment. 1070 48

The possible role of some acute phase proteins (APPs) and immunoglobulins in both the pathogenesis and diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) has been investigated. Serum protein electrophoresis and the concentration of haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP), IgG and IgM were evaluated in cats exposed to feline coronavirus (FCoV) and in cats with FIP. The highest concentration of APPs was detected in affected cats, confirming the role of these proteins in supporting a clinical diagnosis of FIP. Repeated samplings from both FIP affected and FCoV-exposed cats showed that when FIP appeared in the group, all the cats had increased APP levels. This increase persisted only in cats that developed FIP (in spite of a decrease in alpha(2)-globulins) but it was only transient in FCoV-exposed cats, in which a long lasting increase in alpha(2)-globulins was observed. These results suggest that changes in the electrophoretic motility of APPs or APPs other than Hp, SAA and AGP might be involved in the pathogenesis of FIP or in protecting cats from the disease.
 ...
PMID:Changes in some acute phase protein and immunoglobulin concentrations in cats affected by feline infectious peritonitis or exposed to feline coronavirus infection. 1462 44

Feline alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (fAGP) increases during feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). We have recently identified a 29 kDa protein that we named feline AGP-related protein (fAGPrP) due to its cross-reactivity with an anti-human AGP monoclonal antibody. In this work we describe the tissue distribution of fAGPrP during FIP, and its relationship with feline coronavirus (FCoV) and myeloid cells. Tissues from five control cats and from 15 cats with FIP were examined by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies against human AGP, FCoV and myeloid antigens. Diffuse fAGPrP positivity within the lesions, likely due to vascular plasma leakage, endothelial and epithelial lining were detectable. Compared to controls, fAGPrP-expressing cells often increased in number and were diffusely distributed in lymph nodes, as usually occurs for IgM-producing plasma cells during early immune responses. These findings did not depend on the presence of FCoVs or of myeloid cells, suggesting that fAGPrP is not directly involved in the pathogenesis of FIP.
 ...
PMID:Tissue distribution of a feline AGP related protein (fAGPrP) in cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). 1512 54

The cellular prion protein (PrPc) is a glycoprotein anchored by glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) to the cell surface and is abundantly expressed in the central nervous system. It is also expressed in a variety of cell types of the immune system. We investigated the role of PrPc in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and other particles. Macrophages from mice with deletion of the Prnp gene showed higher rates of phagocytosis than wild-type macrophages in in vitro assays. The elimination of GPI-anchored proteins from the cell surface of macrophages from wild-type mice rendered these cells as efficient as macrophages derived from knockout mice. In situ detection of phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies within the retina indicated augmented phagocytotic activity in knockout mice. In an in vivo assay of acute peritonitis, knockout mice showed more efficient phagocytosis of zymosan particles than wild-type mice. In addition, leukocyte recruitment was altered in knockout mice, as compared with wild type. The data show that PrPc modulates phagocytosis in vitro and in vivo. This activity is described for the first time and may be important for normal macrophage functions as well as for the pathogenesis of prion diseases.
 ...
PMID:The cellular prion protein modulates phagocytosis and inflammatory response. 1553 55

CA 125, a glycoprotein derived from coelomic epithelium, is used primarily as a marker of epithelial ovarian cancer. However, elevated levels of serum CA 125 have also been detected in other benign and malignant disorders. This study describes a haemodialysis patient who contracted tuberculous peritonitis associated with hypercalcaemia, erythropoietin-resistant anaemia and elevated CA 125, which normalised gradually following antituberculosis treatment. Tuberculous peritonitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ascites with elevated serum CA 125. Additionally, CA 125 is a useful marker for monitoring response to tuberculous peritonitis treatment.
 ...
PMID:Tuberculous peritonitis in a haemodialysis patient with elevated serum CA 125 and hypercalcaemia. 1587 24

The inflammatory process is associated with alterations in iron metabolism. Transferrin, an acute-phase N-glycosylated glycoprotein, plays an important role in iron transport. Human serum transferrin contains two biantennary glycans, each consisting of 0 to 4 molecules of sialic acid (SA); its SA content is heterogeneous with high concentration of tetrasialotransferrin (4SA) and low amounts of disialo-, trisialo-, penta-, and hexasialotransferrin. The hepatic uptake of iron is greater for desialylated transferrin isoforms (disialotransferrin) than for the other forms. We hypothesized that serum levels of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT, disialotransferrin) may increase rapidly in septic patients. Blood samples were obtained from critically ill patients with (n = 15) and without (n = 14) documented sepsis and compared with healthy volunteers. The different forms of transferrin were studied by capillary zone electrophoresis; SA concentrations were measured by enzymatic colorimetric assay. There was a significant increase in the proportion of CDT in septic compared with nonseptic patients and volunteers (18.3% [1.3-30.5] vs. 0.7% [0.5-0.9]; P < 0.01 and 0.9% [0.5-1.1]; P < 0.05). Conversely, tri- and tetrasialotransferrin levels were lower in septic patients. Total and free SA concentrations were significantly higher in septic patients than in healthy volunteers. In a sheep model of septic shock secondary to peritonitis, serum free SA was already increased after 15 h. Sepsis is associated with decreased SA content on circulating transferrin and with an increase in blood free SA concentrations. In view of these rapid modifications and the long half-life of transferrin, the most likely explanation is degradation of transferrin by neuraminidase. Further studies including measurement of blood neuraminidase concentration and activity are needed to understand the process and exact role of SA decrease in septic patients.
 ...
PMID:Rapid alterations in transferrin sialylation during sepsis. 1598 20

Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) increases in the blood of cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a lethal disease caused by feline coronavirus (FCoV). However, the diagnostic potential of AGP might be limited because AGP also increases in pathophysiological conditions other than FIP. In this retrospective study, the diagnostic potential of serum AGP concentration was evaluated on the basis of the pretest probability of disease, according to the Bayesian approach. Serum AGP levels from cats with FIP (group 1; n = 58) and without FIP (group 2; n = 104) were evaluated. Non-FIP cats were further subgrouped as follows: 2a) inflammation (n = 26), 2b) asymptomatic FCoV infection (n = 49), 2c) injection-site sarcoma (n = 19), 2d) postvaccination (n = 7), and 2e) specific pathogen free (n = 3). Standard descriptive analyses by group and empirical receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve estimation were performed. Ordinary logistic regression analysis was performed to derive an estimate of the continuous likelihood ratio to produce the posttest probability of disease for any combination of pretest probability and serum AGP value. The comparison of serum AGP levels in the different groups and the analysis of the ROC curve confirmed that serum AGP is a powerful discriminating marker for FIP. The Bayesian approach demonstrated that when the pretest probability of FIP is high, based on history and clinical signs (groups 1 or 2a), moderate serum AGP levels (1.5-2 mg/ml) can discriminate cats with FIP from others, while only high serum AGP levels (>3 mg/ml) can support a diagnosis of FIP in cats with a low pretest probability of disease (groups 2b to 2e).
 ...
PMID:Critical assessment of the diagnostic value of feline alpha1-acid glycoprotein for feline infectious peritonitis using the likelihood ratios approach. 1745 55

The acute phase reaction (APR) is a response to potentially pathogenic stimuli. It begins with the release of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha from inflammatory cells. These cytokines induce fever, leucocytosis and release of serum acute phase proteins (APPs). In this review, the characteristics of the feline APR are described. In cats with inflammatory conditions, fever is a common finding, with leucocytosis due to the release of cells from the marginal pool, followed by activation of myelopoiesis. Because excitement frequently causes leucocytosis in cats, a diagnosis of inflammation should therefore be supported by additional findings such as the presence of toxic neutrophils. The major APPs are serum amyloid A and alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP), which both increase a few hours after the inflammatory stimulus and remain elevated for as long as the inflammation persists. AGP plays an important role in the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and may also be useful also in studies of FIP pathogenesis.
 ...
PMID:The feline acute phase reaction. 1829 86

Pathogenesis of hemostasis disorders in septic peritonitis and the possibility of their correction with acute phase protein (alpha1-acid glycoprotein; two doses of 150 mg/kg) were experimentally studied on outbred albino rats. Platelets count in the peripheral blood and their adhesion to endothelium did not change during peritonitis, while aggregation activity increased due to increased rate and shorter time of aggregation, which was associated with the development of hypercoagulation involving the intrinsic and common coagulation pathways and reduction of antithrombin activity. alpha1-Acid glycoprotein increased platelet count above the normal level, normalized aggregation rate, some blood clotting parameters, and antithrombin activity. Hence, alpha1-acid glycoprotein is a polyfunctional protein modulating all pathogenetic components in the development of blood clotting disorders during septic peritonitis.
 ...
PMID:Effects of alpha1-acid glycoprotein on hemostasis in experimental septic peritonitis. 1839 74


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>