Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0031154 (peritonitis)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An analysis of clinico-roentgenological data of 74 patients has been made. The patients were operated upon for acute appendicitis (43) and cholecystitis (31) and their postoperative period was complicated by local peritonitis. The importance of indirect and roentgenological symptoms for diagnosis of abscesses in the abdominal cavity is stressed.
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PMID:[Roentgenological diagnosis of abdominal abscesses]. 409 54

In a series of 48,482 pregnancies laparotomy was undertaken 74 times for conditions not associated with pregnancy (1 in 655 pregnancies). It showed no abnormality in 26 cases; ovarian cysts and acute appendicitis were the commonest pathological findings. The preoperative diagnosis was proved correct in 53% of cases, and in 66.2% laparotomy proved to be necessary for an alternative diagnosis.The fetal loss rate after surgery was 23%. Spontaneous abortion was more likely in the presence of peritonitis, with fluid in the peritoneal cavity, or when operative procedures involving the ovary were performed within the first trimester. The risk of precipitating labour following diagnostic laparotomy is negligible, provided no unnecessary surgical manoeuvres are undertaken.
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PMID:Laparotomy during pregnancy: an assessment of diagnostic accuracy and fetal wastage. 472 Jul 68

In a review of 22 years of clinical experience, we found seven previously healthy children with primary peritonitis. The diagnosis was made at laparotomy in all patients. Their symptoms included diffuse abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, and diarrhea. Abdominal tenderness was maximal in the right lower quadrant in five children, which led to confusion with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Streptococcus pneumoniae was identified as the etiologic agent in three patients and group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus in one patient. The remaining three patients all had prior antibiotic therapy, and peritoneal fluid cultures were sterile. All children had a prompt response to treatment with antibiotics and recovered without complications. Long-term follow-up (4 1/2 to 15 years) was available for three patients; all three remained healthy.
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PMID:Primary peritonitis in previously healthy children. 638 16

Metronidazole (trichopol) included in the complex of curative measures in acute appendicitis complicated by local or diffuse peritonitis resulted in a substantially decreased amount of pyo-inflammatory complications after appendectomy and shorter time of staying at the hospital.
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PMID:[Treatment of complicated appendicitis]. 649 49

In this study, we reviewed 204 cases of acute appendicitis out of 248 appendectomies. They were classified into three groups: acute appendicitis, localized peritonitis and generalized peritonitis. The morbidity is analyzed according to an eventual peritoneal drainage.
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PMID:[Intraperitoneal drainage in acute appendicitis]. 665 55

Ten cases of primary peritonitis in children demonstrate that the usual presentation is one of rapid onset of lower abdominal pain in girls, clinically indistinguishable from acute appendicitis. Recovery after appendectomy is rapid. Fewer cases have positive peritoneal cultures or associated illnesses than in historical descriptions. Contemporary primary peritonitis follows a more benign course than in the past.
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PMID:Primary peritonitis in children. 670 26

In six previously healthy children and adults with typical acute appendicitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from peritoneal swabs or periappendicular pus in pure culture (four patients) or together with intestinal flora. Pneumococci recovered by abdominal paracentesis are not pathognomonic of socalled primary or spontaneous peritonitis.
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PMID:Six cases of acute appendicitis with secondary peritonitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. 672 37

An antibiotic drug of aminoglycoside group, gentamicin (GM) for parenteral use was used to 14 hospitalized patients; 5 with acute or subacute cholecystitis, 6 with acute peritonitis (4 cases were due to acute appendicitis, a case was torsion of right ovarian cyst and a case was cecal CROHN's disease), 1 with fistula ani and abscess, and 2 with localized peritonitis after gastrectomy due to gastric ulcer. GM in a dose of 60 mg were administered by intravenous drip infusion for 1 to 2 hours, twice a day for 4 to 12 days. To the cases of biliary tract infection, GM was treated for preoperative chemotherapy and to the other cases GM was treated for postoperative chemotherapy. Clinical response was excellent in 7 cases, good in 6 cases, fair in 1 case and poor in none. No adverse effect was observed. The organisms were isolated in 7 cases, 7 were Escherichia coli, 2 were Klebsiella pneumoniae and 3 were Bacteroides fragilis. The MICs for GM were 0.78--1.56 micrograms/ml in 10(8) and 10(6) cells/ml, except B. fragilis. Before the operation of above cases, GM in a dose of 60 mg (a case was 40 mg) were administered by intravenous drip infusion for 1 to 2 hours in 7 cases (3 biliary tract infection, 2 acute peritonitis and 2 gastric ulcer) and 7 cases by intramuscularly. The materials of common duct bile, gall bladder bile, gall bladder wall, the appendix and other tissues, ascites and serum samples were taken during the operation. GM concentration was measured by bioassay method with Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 as test organism. GM concentrations in bile and gall bladder wall after intravenous drip infusion were higher than those after intramuscular administration. In the appendicitis with localized peritonitis, GM concentration in the appendix wall with catarrhal appendicitis was 0.90 microgram/g after intramuscular administration. In the cases with diffuse peritonitis and catarrhal appendicitis, GM concentrations in appendixes were 1.18 micrograms/g and 1.37 micrograms/g after intravenous drip infusion. Therefore, it was supposed that GM could be used safety and usefully by intravenous drip infusion than that by intramuscular administration.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on gentamicin for infectious diseases following intravenous drip infusion]. 684 28

The accurate diagnosis of acute lower abdominal pain continues to be a problem. In Israel, a diagnostic sign often sought as indicating pelvic peritonitis is a rectal temperature of greater than 1.0 C higher than the simultaneous oral temperature. We established that in each of the 20 emergency rooms surveyed both oral and rectal temperatures are measured as part of the admission procedure for patients with acute lower abdominal pain. The charts of three groups of 100 patients with acute lower abdominal pain were studied retrospectively. A rectal temperature of greater than 1.0 C higher than the oral was found in about 10% of each group. Both oral and rectal temperatures were raised in 56, 69 and 37% of each group, respectively. The rectal temperature alone was elevated in 8.5% of patients with appendicitis or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), as well as in 6% of patients with undiagnosed abdominal pain. Oral temperatures alone were elevated in 4.5% of patients with acute appendicitis or PID and also in 13% of patients with undiagnosed abdominal pain. These differences were not significant. We conclude that the common Israeli practice of measuring both rectal and oral temperatures in patients with acute lower abdominal pain gives no more information than the measurement of either one.
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PMID:Rectal temperature in the diagnosis of acute lower abdominal pain. 686 54

One thousand four hundred and ninety-one cases of acute appendicitis during infancy and childhood are reviewed, 137 were revealed by peritonitis. Complications following appendicitis with perforation (15%) are higher than acute appendicitis (2%). Many complications are reported, but the most serious of them are the 5th day syndrome after appendectomy. Early diagnosis, often difficult in infancy, and early operation before diffusion are the only means of prevention. Ultrasonography may reveal pelvic or intraperitoneal abscess. Treatment is a large drainage with antibiotics; enteral or parenteral nutrition may be associated.
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PMID:[Current aspects of the complications of acute appendicitis in children]. 688 May 33


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