Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0031154 (peritonitis)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From 1962-1975 in our hospital 44 patients were operated because of complications of the bowel after irradiation of malignant tumors. 3 patients were operated in the region of subsequent irradiation. While at the small intestine stenoses were the most frequent complication, at the great gut fistula of rectum, colon sigmoideum or vagina besides stenoses were frequent. The time between irradiation and operation differed between 5 weeks and 22 years. The peak of frequency in the region of the great gut was seen about the first year after termination of irradiation, in the region of the small intestine about the second year. Among the operations of the small intestine resection predominates, at the great gut colostomy. Half of the patients were without complications in the postoperative course. 10 patients died postoperatively, 4 of them of peritonitis. In 3 cases suture insufficiency was verified, in 2 further cases this was doubtful. 36 of 44 patients were without carcinoma at the time of operation or control examination. 16 patients survived 5 years or more.
 ...
PMID:[Surgical treatment of radiation injuries of the intestinal tract after radiotherapy of malignant tumors]. 85

Upon admission to Box Hill Hospital in Victoria, Australia, a 38-year old woman was pale and febrile (328.6 degrees Celsius) and had a pulse of 88 beats/minute. She had had midabdominal pain for 1 week and severe lower abdominal pain for 2 days. Her menses were heavy. Other than pain during examination, rectal and vaginal examinations were normal. She had considerable neutrophilia (leukocyte count = 21.2 x 1 billion). The X-ray revealed free fluid. Ultrasonography indicated an IUD which she had had for 10 years, a mass with small cystic areas near the right ovary, and fluid in the rectouterine pouch. The physicians suspected peritonitis and administered iv broad spectrum antibiotics (1 mg ampicillin, 80 mg gentamicin, and 500 mg metronidazole) every 8 hours. They did a laparotomy. An abscess containing much green pus, the necrotic right ovary, and the appendix, which appeared normal and later shown not to be infected, occupied the right iliac fossa. The tubes were fine. The surgeons removed the appendix and right ovary. They washed out the abdomen with saline and inserted a drain to the right iliac fossa. The woman improved immediately so the physicians stopped antibiotics 3 days after surgery. Histological tests revealed actinomycosis caused by fast-growing aerobic bacteria which is known to cause necrosis, fibrosis, and suppuration. During recovery, the physicians removed the IUD and performed dilation and curettage. Actinomyces normally just dwell in the mouth and intestines, but, in this case, probably migrated up the IUD tail after spreading from the bowel to the perineum to the vagina. The physicians suspected that the presence of Mycoplasma hominis provided the mucosal breach needed to permit actinomyces' invasion. Physicians should consider actinomycosis in acute abdominal sepsis cases with a longterm use of an IUD. They can treat it with antibiotics since Actinomyces tend to be sensitive to broad spectrum antibiotics.
 ...
PMID:Ovarian actinomycosis presenting as acute peritonitis. 158 8

The barium enema is a safe and accurate diagnostic study of the colon but, in rare cases, complications may result. Many of these can be prevented by proper equipment and careful attention to technique. When a complication does occur, prompt recognition and management is vital in decreasing morbidity and mortality. Perforation of the bowel is the most frequent serious complication, occurring in approximately 0.02% to 0.04% of patients. Rarely the colon may burst due to excessive transmural pressure alone. However, a colon weakened by iatrogenic trauma or disease is more likely to perforate during an enema than is a normal healthy bowel. Injury to the rectal mucosa or anal canal due to the enema tip or retention balloon is probably the most common traumatic cause of barium enema perforation. Inflation of a retention balloon within a stricture, neoplasm, inflamed rectum, or colostomy stoma is particularly hazardous. Recent deep biopsy or polypectomy with electrocautery makes the bowel more vulnerable to rupture. The tensile strength of the bowel wall is impaired in elderly patients, patients receiving long-term steroid therapy, and in disease states including neoplasm, diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and ischemia. Intraperitoneal perforation leads to a severe, acute peritonitis with intravascular volume depletion. The ensuing shock may be rapidly fatal. Prompt fluid replacement and laparotomy are essential. If the patient survives the initial shock and sepsis, later complications caused by dense intraperitoneal adhesions may develop. Extraperitoneal perforation is usually less catastrophic but may result in pain, sepsis, cellulitis, abscess, rectal stricture, or fistula. Intramural extravasation often forms a persistent submucosal barium granuloma which may ulcerate or be mistaken for a neoplasm. The most dramatic complication of barium enema is venous intravasation of barium. Fortunately, this is quite rare as it may be immediately lethal. Most cases have been attributed to trauma from the enema tip or retention balloon, mucosal inflammation, or misplacement of the tip in the vagina. Bacteremia has been found in as many as 23% of patients following barium enema and, in rare cases, may cause symptomatic septicemia. Other less common complications include barium impaction, water intoxication, allergic reactions, and cardiac arrhythmias. Preparatory laxatives and cleansing enemas have been implicated in some instances of dehydration, rectal trauma, water intoxication, and perforation. Careful review of the indications for examination, previous radiographs, and clinical history will identify many of the patients at greater risk for complications so that appropriate precautions may be observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Recognition and prevention of barium enema complications. 188 35

All physicians should be aware of the possible complications of induced abortions if only because the procedure is so commonplace. Some 250,000 induced abortions occur annually in France, amounting to 24.4 abortions per 100 live births. The rates of different complications of induced abortions before 12 weeks are .5-5/1000 for uterine perforation, .5-3.4% for hemorrhage with or without placental retention, 1% for endometritis, .3% for salpingitis .5% for continuing pregnancy, and .006 to .3/10,000 for death. A well done curettage is preferable to a poorly performed aspiration procedure. If an aspiration is done, the practitioner should bear in mind that retention of 50-200 cc of blood clots may occur if dilatation is insufficient. Symptoms appear 1-5 days after the abortion and end with expulsion of the clots or aspiration. Curettage is useless, as the clots do not represent a true retention. Uterine contractions during the aspiration can occasionally prompt a premature decision that evacuation is complete. Retention is difficult to diagnose immediately after aspiration but can be sonographically confirmed after the 8th day. Aspiration should be done after the 6th week and before the 12th week. Aspiration before the 6th week is often painful and is associated with higher rates of partial retention and of complete failure. Endouterine aspiration, regardless of technical proficiency, establishes a pathway between the vagina and the uterine cavity, which exposes the latter to the risk of trauma, endometrial lesions, and perforation. Induced abortion promotes infection by 2 mechanisms. Latent infections that were not detected in the medical history or physical examination can emerge and cause endometritis, which should be treated by ice, rest, and antibiotics. Or contamination of the passage by an infected cervical mucus can lead to salpingitis, abscess, and pelviperitonitis, or even general peritonitis. More often, these conditions develop from inadequately treated nonretentional endometritis. The condition should be treated with antibiotics and ice. Postoperative hemorrhage is unusual and is most frequently caused by retention. Psychological complications of abortion can be minimized by effective counseling. The counselor should seek to identify any history of psychological pathology or particularly stressful current situation. A certain amount of regret is a normal psychic response to abortion, but more serious symptoms such as suicidal thoughts or obvious depression may indicate the need for specialized care. Experience demonstrates that serious psychic reactions are rare and that a population at high risk can be defined. It includes very ambivalent women, those coerced into abortion, and those at the legal time limit. Women with a recent history of death or illness of a child, intrauterine death in the preceding pregnancy, or spontaneous abortions are also at risk.
 ...
PMID:[Complications of induced abortions]. 270 90

In order to close the vesicorectovaginal fistulas (15 cases operated on) or rectovaginal (5 cases operated on) of irradiation origin, the author modifies his classical technique for the omentoplasty of the fistulous orifice, in terms of an obstruction in the upper thirds or the half of the vagina by using the pediculated omentum. The surgery is performed in two surgical times during the same operation: 1. the vaginal time is compulsory as the first surgical time consisting of the avivement the upper part of the vagina by the excision of the vaginal mucosa surrounding the fistulous orifices; 2. the abdominopelvian time consisting of the mobilization of the omentum (Kiricuta's technique), its descending into the pelvis and then, by an extensive cystotomy, the omentum is inserted into the vagina through the vesicovaginal fistulous orifice. The adherence created between the omentum and the vaginal wall free of mucosa, results in the cure of the fistulas. There are presented different technical variants. Out of 20 surgical cases, 18 were cured per primam during 14 days. Only 2 cases died due to peritonitis.
 ...
PMID:[Treatment by omentoplasty of vesicorectovaginal and rectovaginal fistulae]. 319 31

Cesarean section has become a common operation, but its complexity should not be underestimated. Often it must be done as an emergency without skilled assistants; at the same time the surgeon must deal with the maternal disorder that prompted the cesarean section and ensure the well-being of the fetus. Of further concern is the operative blood loss, which can be massive, and the postoperative morbidity, which is often high. The operative technique has evolved from an intraperitoneal vertical incision on the body of the uterus (classical cesarean section) to a near-complete reliance on a retroperitoneal transverse incision (lower segment cesarean section). The historic reason for this change was the fear of peritonitis postoperatively. Present-day practice favours the lower segment operation and emphasizes the reduced operative blood loss and the more secure uterine scar as reasons for the choice. Operative complications (injury to the fetus, lacerations of the uterus and vagina) are the result of inadequate uterine incisions. The classical incision has the advantage of being easily extended and thus has a continued purpose. Postoperative febrile morbidity is attributed to endometritis; the mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria of the vagina are the causal organisms. Febrile morbidity can be prevented by antibiotics given prophylactically.
 ...
PMID:Cesarean section. 327 70

The case of a 32-year old woman (gravida 3 para 2) in whom a Copper-7 IUD perforated the uterus, lodging both within the myometrium and the lumen of the small intestine is described. The patient presented in the emergency room 18 months after IUD insertion with heavy vaginal bleeding and passage of tissue. A diagnosis of spontaneous abortion was made. In this case, the small bowel had to be resected and side-to-side anastomosis was performed. This patient was asymptomatic until 3 weeks prior to admission. Other cases demonstrate acute symptoms of peritonitis and intestinal obstruction or more chronic complaints of vague abdominal pain and diarrhea. An IUD string that is not visible at the external os of the cervix generally reflects upward retraction of the string or unnoted spontaneous expulsion of the IUD. However, on occasion it can be associated with uterine or even intestinal perforation, as occurred in this case. Pain on insertion, also noted in this case, can serve as a warning sign of perforation. In this patient, the device was inserted 5 weeks after delivery, lending support to the recommendation that puerperal insertion be avoided. It is important to know the exact location of an ectopic IUD to prevent dangerous attempts at removal through the vagina. Laparoscopy and ultrasound are generally helpful in localizing the IUD and preparing the patient for laparotomy and possible bowel resection.
 ...
PMID:Asymptomatic perforation of the small intestine by a copper-7 intrauterine device. 386 28

Infections in patients with gynecologic malignancies occur frequently and are the cause of death in 50 to 60% of the cases. The patient with cancer is a compromised host with an increased susceptibility to infection due to the malignancy itself on the one hand and due to therapeutic-modalities, like extensive surgical procedures, radiation- and cytotoxic chemotherapy on the other hand. Aetiologically these infections are mostly due to a disruption of anatomic structures which normally prevent the invasion of exogenous or endogenous microorganisms, or to obstructive processes or to tumour necrosis. Septicaemia can result from propagation of such a localized infection beyond the site of the tumour. The causative pathogens infecting the compromised host are mostly members of the indigenous microbial flora of the genital tract, which is influenced by surgery, irradiation and chemotherapy. Postoperatively in the vaginal vault the number of most potentially pathogenic aerobic and anaerobic bacterial species is higher, polymicrobial mixed infections are frequent. Neither the intracavitary radiation-therapy with Radium or Iridium-192 (afterloading) nor the external high-voltage therapy decrease the number of pathogenic bacterial species in the uterus and in the vagina of patients with cervical or endometrial cancer. The symptoms of infection in cancer patients can be "masked". Fever in patients with genital malignancies is mostly due to local infections and influences the prognosis negatively. The 5-year survival rate of irradiated patients with fever is significantly lower. Infections following radical hysterectomy, irradiation and/or cytotoxic chemotherapy like pelvic abscesses, peritonitis, pneumonia and septicaemia can be fatal. Urinary-tract-, wound- and vaginal vault-infections occur frequently, but are rarely severe. Therapeutically in severe infections a combination antibiotic therapy, which is effective against most pathogenic members of the genital flora, is required. Short courses of perioperative prophylactic antibiotics are useful both in radical hysterectomy and with intracavitary irradiation.
 ...
PMID:[Infections in patients with gynecologic malignancies]. 641 69

Granulocytic sarcoma is an unusual form of tumefaction caused by acute granulocytic leukemia. On rare occasions, the lesion precedes the leukemic phase and presents as a mass with a normal peripheral white cell count. This report describes the initial manifestation of granulocytic sarcoma by vaginal cytology in a 39-year-old female with Down's syndrome. Six days after admission, the patient died of acute peritonitis following spontaneous perforation of the bowel. Autopsy revealed involvement of cervix, vagina, bowel wall and one pelvic lymph node by granulocytic sarcoma. Bone marrow examination confirmed the preleukemic stage of the disease. Cytologically, the malignant cells occurred singly. No nucleoli were seen. The differential diagnosis between malignant lymphoma and granulocytic sarcoma rests upon a positive naphtol AS-D chloroacetate esterase stain in granulocytic sarcoma. This stain may be performed on paraffin-embedded sections or on smears.
 ...
PMID:Preleukemic granulocytic sarcoma of cervix and vagina: initial manifestation by cytology. 646 Nov 54

Persistent urogenital sinus is frequently associated with a wide spectrum of complex anatomic abnormalities involving the urinary, genital, and gastrointestinal tracts. Failure to accurately define these abnormalities can result in serious complications. One such group of complications occurs relatively late in the clinical course of these children and has received little attention. These are the complications related to menarche. This report reviews the anatomy, complications, and management in five such patients. In this group the onset of menses was associated with hydrosalpinx, pyosalpinx, hematocolpos, hematometrocolpos tubo-ovarian abscess, ruptured ovarian endometrioma, endometriosis, and peritonitis. Anatomic abnormalities included double and septate vagina, vaginal atresia and stenosis, uterus didelphys, and uterus bicornis unicollis, all predisposing to inadequate menstrual flow. Each of these children required surgical intervention. These cases stress the need for an awareness of not only the urinary but the vaginal and uterine abnormalities. Careful early definition of the anatomy and long-term follow-up of children with urogenital sinus malformation is important in order to avoid potential future complications.
 ...
PMID:Complications at menarche of urogenital sinus with associated anorectal malformations. 725 39


1 2 3 4 Next >>