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Query: UMLS:C0031154 (peritonitis)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Steroid therapy increases the risk of bowel perforation. Bowel perforation may occur at any time of steroid therapy, but the first weeks appear to hold the greatest potential for perforation. However, clinical findings after perforation may be misleading under steroids, and peritonitis may be absent. It is known that bowel perforation can lead to subcutaneous emphysema at various sites. Thus, in any patient with emphysema, bowel perforation must be included in the differential diagnosis, especially in patients receiving steroids. Missing knowledge of this entity may lead to marked delay between onset of initial signs and diagnosis, and hence worsen the survival rate. In this report we present a case of chronic steroid use, where asymptomatic sigma perforation led to a generalized emphysema, which was initially attributed to a maxillary sinus infection due to Aspergillus and anaerobic bacteria.
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PMID:[Maxillary sinus infection with emphysema of the head as a "red herring" in steroid associated colon perforation]. 1713 97

Bowel perforation is an unusual complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunting. This article describes a case of bowel perforation associated with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt inserted in an 8-month-old male infant for meningocoele and hydrocephalus. Ten months after insertion of the shunt the infant presented with the shunting tube protruding through the anus. There were no signs of meningitis or peritonitis. At laparotomy the tube was seen to enter the transverse colon and was encapsulated by the greater omentum. The tube was cut and the distal end removed via the anus. The transverse colon was repaired. The catheter continued to function effectively and the patient remained asymptomatic. The literature on this rare complication is reviewed and the therapeutic options are discussed.
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PMID:Bowel perforation secondary to ventriculoperitoneal shunt: case report and clinical analysis. 1803 4

Jejunoileal atresia is one of the common causes of neonatal intestinal obstruction. Intestinal perforation with meconium peritonitis in the neonatal period, which carries a high mortality rate, is also common. The association of jejunal atresia with idiopathic ileal perforation is very rare.
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PMID:Jejunal atresia associated with idiopathic ileal perforation. 2001 79

Outpatient colonoscopy has been proven safe but can rarely be associated with serious complications. The addition of polypectomy to the procedure increases the incidence of all complications with hemorrhage accounting for approximately half. The use of electrocautery for hot biopsy or polyp removal can result in a full-thickness burn without perforation in approximately 1 per cent of cases and typically presents as focal peritonitis without pneumoperitoneum. This so-called "postpolypectomy syndrome" or "serositis" is often successfully managed medically with resolution of symptoms in 24 to 48 hours. Bowel perforation occurs in less than 1 per cent of patients but requires emergent laparotomy. Appendicitis, both acute and perforated, has been reported as a rare complication of colonoscopy.
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PMID:Postcolonoscopy appendicitis. 2072 24

A 56-year-old woman was maintained on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (PD) for 12 years. The patient presented to our hospital with chief complaints of intermittent abdominal pain and frequent loose stool. Plain radiograph of abdomen revealed extensive peritoneal calcification. Computed tomography confirmed the extensive peritoneal calcification and revealed a large right ovarian cyst. Torsion of the right ovarian cyst was suspected. Right oophorectomy was performed. Small intestinal perforation developed 37 days after the operation. The patient expired because of peritonitis and sepsis. Extensive peritoneal calcification is a rare and serious complication after long-term PD. Intestinal perforation is a rare complication of PD. Pathognomic signs of imaging studies can be important in early diagnosis and treatment.
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PMID:Extensive peritoneal calcification and small intestinal perforation in a peritoneal dialysis patient: a case report. 2152 88

Enteritis is one of the side effects of radiotherapy to the abdominal cavity. Radiation enteritis involves damage to mucous membranes in the acute phase and to stromal tissues in the late phase. Perforation of the intestine tends to occur in the late phase, and rarely in the acute phase. However, we describe here a case of intestinal perforation occurring in the acute phase after irradiation in a patient who received gefitinib treatment. Gefitinib, one of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), is widely used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, but is simultaneously known to inhibit wound healing. We suspect that gefitinib may affect regeneration of the small intestinal mucosa injured by irradiation. A 76-year-old woman had NSCLC with metastases to the 5th lumbar, sacral, and right iliac bones. To control the pain from bone metastasis, anterior-posterior opposing portal irradiation (total 35 Gy) was started, and was completed over 22 days. On day 25 after starting radiotherapy, the patient began to take gefitinib. On day 35, she presented with acute peritonitis, and an emergency laparotomy was performed. The terminal ileum was affected by radiation enteritis and there were two pin-hole perforations. In the surgical specimen, no cancerous lesions were detected, and immunohistochemical staining of phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR) was negative. pEGFR has an important role in mucous membrane repair after irradiation. Intestinal perforation in the acute phase of radiation enteritis may be associated with impaired mucosal repair mechanisms due to the use of an EGFR-TKI such as gefitinib, as evidenced by the absence of pEGFR.
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PMID:Ileal perforation induced by acute radiation injury under gefitinib treatment. 2170 25

We describe the extrusion of a ventriculo peritoneal shunt tube from the anus into a 6-year-old boy following the placement of a ventriculo peritoneal shunt for postoperative periventricular tumor-induced hydrocephalus. He was admitted with a complaint of extrusion of a tube through anus on and off during bowel evacuation. He was evaluated with an X-ray of the abdomen which was showing a coiled tube in descending and sigmoid colon, confirmed by sigmoidoscopy. The proximal end was exposed for external ventricular drainage and distal end was removed endoscopically. The patient was watched for peritonitis and managed conservatively. The proximal end of the tube was removed after 5 days of external ventricular drainage and after ruling out ventriculitis and meningitis. Bowel perforation by a ventriculo peritoneal tube is a rare complication. Diagnosis is often difficult and delayed. Most of the bowel perforation is seen in young patients.
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PMID:Anal extrusion of a ventriculo peritoneal shunt tube: Endoscopic removal. 2188 96

Sunitinib, a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is widely used in the treatment of carcinoma. Adverse events associated with this treatment, including fatigue, diarrhea, and hematotoxicity, have been reported in clinical trials. Bowel perforation is a surgical emergency that requires immediate treatment depending on the location and progression of the tumor. We report 2 cases of bowel perforation during sunitinib treatment. The patients presented with diffuse peritonitis, and emergency exploratory laparotomy was performed. We speculate that the underlying mechanisms were decrease in capillary density of the normal mucosa in case 1 and tumor shrinkage because of sunitinib treatment in case 2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the pathological findings implicating bowel perforation due to sunitinib treatment. Further investigations are needed to clarify the risk factors for intestinal perforations associated with sunitinib treatment.
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PMID:Two cases of bowel perforation associated with sunitinib treatment for renal cell carcinoma. 2192 29

A 77-year-old man was diagnosed with urachal cyst, but had not been followed-up because of his severe dementia. He visited our department complaining of mucinuria. Ultrasonography showed a tumor with heterogeneous contents above the bladder. Mucinousfluid was found by cystoscopic examination. After the fluid was removed, a non-papillary tumor with mucin secretion was identified at the dome of the bladder. Computed tomography revealed that the peritoneal cavity was filled with a mucinous tumor. Peritonitis was suspected because of the existence of free air and abdominal rebound tenderness, and emergent surgery was performed. Bowel perforation was not found. Tumors could not be removed and the tissue biopsy was performed. It was pathologically diagnosed as pseudomyxoma peritonei arising from urachal carcinoma.
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PMID:[Pseudomyxoma peritonei arising from urachal carcinoma]. 2426 7

A 14-year-old Nepalese girl presented with fever, abdominal pain and vomiting. She was living with her family in a temporary settlement camp following the earthquake in Nepal in 2015. She had had abdominal pain for 2 months and fever for 1 month. Abdominal examination suggested acute peritonitis. At laparotomy, three ileal perforations were detected and histopathology demonstrated caseous granulomas. Her father had sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. She was diagnosed with abdominal tuberculosis and responded well to anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy. Intestinal perforation is a rare complication of tuberculosis in children.
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PMID:A 14-year-old girl presenting with tuberculous intestinal perforation while in a temporary shelter after the 2015 earthquake in Nepal. 2812 Dec 64


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