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Query: UMLS:C0031154 (peritonitis)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The data for 77 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent emergency surgery for acute intestinal obstruction (57 patients) or perforation (20 patients) within 24 h of admission were evaluated. The patients were older and had more advanced disease than patients undergoing elective surgery for colorectal cancer. Emergency surgery for carcinoma of the right colon consisted of primary resection in 95 per cent of cases and was followed by a 28 per cent mortality rate. Perforated tumours of the left colon and rectum were managed by primary resection in 82 per cent of cases with a 22 per cent mortality rate. In contrast, obstructing tumours of the left colon and rectum were treated by primary resection in 38 per cent of cases with a 6 per cent mortality rate, and by primary decompression in 62 per cent of cases with a 25 per cent mortality rate. The overall postoperative mortality rate was 23 per cent and increased with advanced tumour disease, perforation and peritonitis. Cardiac decompensation and intraabdominal sepsis were the major causes of death. Although the long-term survival rate following emergency surgery was worse than after elective surgery, improvements in outcome should be achieved by better management of the initial emergency situation.
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PMID:Outcome after emergency surgery for cancer of the large intestine. 201 67

We describe a premature infant in whom spontaneous perforation of the colon was initially detected on routine abdominal films. There was no clinical evidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, peritonitis, or bowel obstruction. Surgical and pathologic findings confirmed the diagnosis of idiopathic bowel perforation. Since spontaneous gastrointestinal perforation in the neonate is often difficult to diagnose clinically, radiographic evaluation may allow earlier diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment of this life-threatening condition.
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PMID:Idiopathic colonic perforation in the neonate. 202 5

Of 212 cases of peritonitis found in a retrospective study of geriatric inpatients, the most common causes were mesenteric infarction, malignancy, intestinal obstruction, perforated peptic ulcer, cholecystitis, diverticulitis and perforation of the urinary bladder. The diagnostic accuracy was 47%. Abdominal pain had been observed in only 55% of the cases, and guarding and/or abdominal rigidity in only 34%. Other findings such as tachycardia and fever were more common, but the specificities of these signs were low.
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PMID:Peritonitis in geriatric inpatients. 205 10

Crohn's disease is rare and is infrequently reported in the over 70 age group. Such patients often present urgently with acute complications of Crohn's disease. Seven patients with Crohn's disease all presented with complications. The diagnosis was initially unsuspected in these patients, and in 3 cases coexisting diverticular disease led to a delay in diagnosis. Three patients with ileocolic disease presented with peritonitis or bowel obstruction. In a further 2 patients a diagnosis of Crohn's disease was not made until after histological examination of resected tissue. It is likely that, as the population ages, more elderly patients will present with complicated Crohn's disease. Surgeons should be aware of this possibility to allow appropriate management of this condition, which generally has a favourable prognosis in this age group.
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PMID:Complicated Crohn's disease in the over 70 age group. 205 75

The intestinal tuberculosis is a rare disease in Europe and in North America. It is an important disease because some patients can develop intestinal stricture or subacute intestinal obstruction and, sometimes, tuberculous peritonitis. It is often difficult differentiate intestinal tuberculosis from Crohn's disease or intestinal tumors. The treatment is controversial and may be medical or surgical, but the response to medical therapy is not clear, especially in complicated disease. The authors report a case of ileal tuberculosis treated with surgical therapy.
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PMID:[Intestinal tuberculosis--a clinical case]. 210 Jan 10

For the period 1980-1988 a total of 5363 patients have been operated at the surgical clinics in the town of Pazardzhik. Early adhesive ileus developed in 13 (0.2 per cent). Intestinal obstruction occurred most frequently after destructive appendicitis (84,6 per cent). In 53.8 per cent of the patients it occurred during the first week after the operation. Conservative treatment was effective in only 2 patients. The other 11 were operated. The case fatality rate was 9.09 per cent. Acute appendicitis usually requires operative treatment both in children and in adults. It keeps on being one of the most important problems of modern surgery, agitating the surgeons all over the world. Appendicitis is called an insidious disease, not only because of the manifold clinical picture, but also because it has a leading position among the causes of the grave surgical complication peritonitis and occupies first place as cause of the severe pathology in the peritoneal cavity--the adhesive disease. Early intestinal obstruction is one of the severe complications following appendicectomy. According to available data in the literature, its incidence is between 0.06 and 0.8 per cent. Most authors consider intestinal obstruction as being early, when developing within three weeks after the operation.
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PMID:[Early adhesive ileus after appendicectomy]. 210 7

Treating ectopic pregnancy with laparoscopy requires special training, but it results in decreased morbidity, discomfort, and pain; reduced recuperative time; and lower cost to the patient and hospital. Many conditions mimic ectopic pregnancy. Therefore, to make the diagnosis, a complete history must be taken, a careful physical examination must be performed, and certain diagnostic tests must be made. Contraindications include bowel obstruction, ileus, abdominal hernia, peritonitis, brisk intraperitoneal bleeding, diaphragmatic hernia, severe cardiac disease, extremes of body weight, previous surgery, or presence of a large abdominal mass.
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PMID:Pelviscopy for ectopic pregnancy: a safer and quicker alternative. 214 37

Acute abdominal pain in the patient receiving oral anticoagulants poses a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We describe two cases of peritonitis requiring laparotomy in anticoagulated patients, and review 49 similar case reports from the world literature. These patients were usually explored for signs of bowel obstruction. At operation, the intestine often appeared infarcted, but pathologic examination commonly revealed intramural hematomata. In contrast, we present microscopic evidence of hemorrhagic cecal infarction complicating oral anticoagulation therapy in one patient. Intramural intestinal hemorrhage is the most common cause of acute abdominal pain in the anticoagulated patient who undergoes laparotomy. In addition to intramural hemorrhage, 14 per cent of patients had coexistent volvulus, appendicitis, intestinal wall disruption or intestinal infarction. We conclude that anticoagulated patients with suspected intramural intestinal hemorrhage may have severe intraabdominal pathology requiring operation. Therefore, operation is mandatory for patients who fail to improve after a short course of expectant management.
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PMID:Management of the acute abdomen complicating oral anticoagulation therapy. 222 4

Walled-off peritonitis which is a frequent occurrence in patients treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis may also occur in cases where there is no obvious pathological factor. This was the case in the two patients reported. Both were male patients aged 28 and 32 years hospitalised and operated on for acute intestinal obstruction. Positive diagnosis was made at the time of operation. Decortication with total enterolysis was performed in the two cases. However, a jejunal fistula with a favorable outcome occurred in one case, investigation for acid fast bacilli was negative and histological examination was non specific.
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PMID:[Encapsulating peritonitis. Report of 2 cases]. 222 17

Analysis of the results of treatment of 240 patients with generalized peritonitis of appendicular origin showed that the application of hemosorption led to noticeable and stable diminution of intoxication in 84% of cases. In the ++post-sorption period, the severity of endotoxicosis did not change essentially in 12% of cases and increased in the remaining cases. The therapeutic effect of hemosorption was found to be unstable in patients with signs of multiple organ insufficiency developing in prolonged poorly effective therapy as well as in patients with unrecognized abdominal abscesses, incompetence of the sutures of anastomoses, thrombosis of the mesenteric vessels, and early intestinal obstruction due to adhesions. Endotoxicosis intensified during hemosorption in patients with extensive epifascial phlegmons. It is proved that hemosorption applied repeatedly in the early postoperative period with due account for the individual features of the course of the disease ensures an optimal therapeutic effect.
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PMID:[Hemosorption in the complex treatment of patients with suppurative peritonitis of appendicular etiology]. 223 85


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