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Query: UMLS:C0031154 (peritonitis)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

End-to-end small intestinal anastomoses were performed in 20 dogs. In four dogs, the anastomosis was secured by distant single line stitches. These animals died of peritonitis. In the other animals the suture was covered with Surgicel and fixed by means of Histoacryl-N-Blau adhesive. In these cases, no insufficiency developed and in two cases were only adhesions and intestinal obstruction, respectively, observed. All the animals survived the operation. The method is recommended for securing intestinal anastomoses and stumps in patients.
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PMID:[Securing of intestinal sutures]. 78 26

The authors present the results of a study of the amount of water and potassium in small samples of skeletal muscle and of the intestinal wall of albino rats. Five groups of 10 animals were separated according to the following conditions: peritonitis, pyloric obstruction, intestinal obstruction, mesenteric ischemia and a control group. The results suggest that skeletal muscle is capable of buffering the increased amount of potassium liberated by the tissues which undergo acute trauma, until a critical concentration is reached. Further studies are needed to clarify some of the conflicting results obtained.
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PMID:[Metabolic response and aggression: potassium and water content of skeletal muscles]. 82 84

Cellulose foreign body was initially described by the authors as a cause of granulomatous peritonitis implicating disposable surgical fabrics. The purpose of this study was to establish the incidence, origin, and clinical significance of the lesion. Of 7,500 surgical specimens and autopsies from surgical mortalities reviewed by one pathologist during a two and a half year study period, forty-five cases of cellulose foreign body granulomas were identified by light microscopy. They were examined with polarization technics and scanning electron microscopy in an attempt to determine the source of the cellulose fibers as either cotton or a wood product. The forty-five cases were identified in patients who had at least one previous surgical procedure involving the same area. Twenty-seven cases were extraperitoneal. Eighteen were located in the peritoneal cavity of which five were found at autopsy and thriteen were identified at laparotomy. Two patients had granulomatous peritonitis and six had mechanical small bowel obstruction associated with the granulomas. During the study period there were sixty operative patients of small bowel obstruction; forty-nine were due to adhesions of which thirty-seven had lysis of adhesions without biopsy. Of the twelve patients with surgical specimens, cellulose granulomas were present in six. This suggests that cellulose foreign body granuloma may be a significant cause of intestinal obstruction. The origin of the cellulose could not be definitively established in most cases because of loss of morphologic characteristics. However, fibers were positively identified as wood in two of ten cases (20 per cent) examined with scanning electron microscopy, which supports the thesis that they were derived from disposable surgical fabrics.
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PMID:Cellulose granulomas and their relationship to intestinal obstruction. 83 73

Fibrosing peritonitis and constrictive pericarditis occurred in an 18-year-old patient who manifested the classic features of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). Pericardial calcification had been present in chest X-rays taken when the patient was five years old. Intermittent intestinal obstruction and congestive heart failure were relieved by appropriate surgical intervention, but attacks of FMF subsided only after colchicine therapy. This is the first instance of nonuremic pericarditis in our experience with over 1,000 FMF patients. Critical analysis of the reported cases in which pericarditis was attributed to FMF strengthens our belief that the occurrence of pericarditis in a patient with FMF probably represents a fortuitous intercurrent disease.
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PMID:Constrictive pericarditis in familial Mediterranean fever. 83 71

The authors present an analysis of 149 cases of total decompression of the gastrointestinal tract in grave forms of functional intestinal obstruction accompanying peritonitis and acute intestinal obstruction. Special intestinal sounds made of polychlorovinyl were employed, that facilitates considerably the technic of intubation of the bowel as a whole. The authors data evidence that each method of intubation (transnasal, through gastro-or ileostome, etc) has its positive and negative aspects, therefore a selection of the site for introducing the sound should be conditioned by patient's age, the type of pathology and duration of the intubation procedure.
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PMID:[Method of intestinal decompression in treating functional intestinal obstruction]. 85 30

Six patients developed intestinal obstruction from sclerosing peritonitis due to practolol. Complete surgical removal of the abnormal membrane appears to be necessary.
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PMID:Sclerosing peritonitis due to practolol. 86 50

We have reviewed the records of 48 patients who had colonic volvulus. Volvulus occurred in the sigmoid colon in 27 (56%) and in the right colon in 19 (40%). Volvulus elsewhere in the colon is rare, requiring unusual anatomic circumstances of a long mesentery and a mobile colon. The clinical history is characterized by a long history of bowel dysfunction followed by an episode of acute intestinal obstruction. The patient is often aged and is plagued by mental disorders and a number of degenerative diseases. Distention of the abdomen is the most significant finding, and tenderness may indicate peritonitis due to ischemic changes in the bowel. Three-positional films of the abdomen are most valuable, showing great distention of the colon and air-fluid levels in the bowel with regularity. Barium-enema studies will more accurately reveal the site and nature of obstruction. The barium-enema examination must be done carefully. It is omitted when peritonitis is present. Operative treatment is necessary for volvulus of the right colon. Non-operative reduction is effective for nonstrangulating volvulus of the sigmoid colon as an emergency procedure. Sigmoidoscopic examination and insertion of a long rubber tube will give dramatic relief to a substantial number of patients. Operative intervention is necessary when conservative measures fail. When gangrene is found at operation, exteriorization resection of the colon may be life-saving. Elective resections are recommended for patients who are in otherwise good health in order to prevent recurrences. The mortality rate in this series of 48 cases was 12.5 per cent. Cecal volvulus was present in each of the six patients who died. Sepsis and cardiopulmonary diseases were common in patients who died.
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PMID:Volvulus of the colon. 86 92

Eighty-one patients with proven intussusception were treated at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital from 1970-1974. One died. Seven of these had ileo-ileal intussusception, all treated surgically. Seventy-four had colonic components of their intussusceptions. In 58 of these patients (78%), reduction was attempted at barium enema, successfully in 32. Hydrostatic reduction was abandoned and the patient operated upon when the intussusception was not pushed out of the colon, when barium failed to reflux into several loops of ileum, or when there was a large persistent filling defect in the cecum or terminal ileum. Primary operation without barium enema was done in 16 patients. The appearance of intestinal obstruction by abdominal x-ray seemed to give the best warning about the complicated, incarcerated, or gangrenous intussusception. Primary operation is, therefore, advised for the patient with intussusception if there is x-ray evidence of intestinal obstruction. The age of the patient and the duration of his symptoms do not seem important in this regard, except as they correlate with peritonitis or obstruction. For the patient without peritonitis or intestinal obstruction, attempted reduction of the intussusception at barium enema seems safe and effective, regardless of the patient's age or duration of his symptoms.
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PMID:Intussusception in the 1970s: indications for operation. 87 22

Forty-infants were diagnosed as having necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) during a 33 months' period; these represented 4% of all neonatal admissions. Pathological confirmation was obtained at surgery in 12 cases and at autopsy in 11, In the case of 21 infants who recovered without operation, the diagnosis was based on clinical and radiological criteria inculding the presence of intramural gas. NEC occurred primarily, though not exclusively , in low-birth-weight infants. Two-thirds of the infants developed NEC in the first week of life. Clinical features attributable to gastrointestinal malfunction as well as a systemic illness could be defined. Complications included pneumoperitoneum (34%), localized peritonitis as suggested by the development of an abdominal mass (11%) and intestinal obstruction (25%). Fourteen of the 15 cases of pneumoperitoneum were diagnosed within 24 hours after the onset of NEC. The 5 infants were localized peritonitis, who were managed conservatively initially, developed intestinal obstruction during recovery. Intestinal obstruction presented between 2 and 7 weeks after the onset of NEC. The overally mortality was 25%, infants with intestinal perforation or obstruction having and increased mortality of 38%.
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PMID:Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: 1. Clinical aspects. 87 31

496 case reports of patients operated upon for various kinds of intestinal obstruction were analysed. Complications were studied in 202 (40.6%) patients. 93 patients died (19.7%). Peritonitis remains to be the main cause of death postoperatively (49.5 per cent to all lethal issues).
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PMID:[Postoperative complications and mortality in acute intestinal obstruction]. 95 10


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