Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0031154 (peritonitis)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Gonococci possess a common heat stable antigen that is not identical to endotoxin. 2. A model of gonococcal peritonitis is described that simulates human disease in its progression from local to disseminated infection and its milieu of mucin and hemoglobin. 3. Vaccination with the heat stable antigen protected against disseminated infection and raised the LD50s from 100 to 1000-fold. 4. Vaccination with antigen from one strain of gonococci conferred protection against heterologous infection. 5. This protection did not require pili antigens or bactericidal antibody. 6. Protection in vaccinated mice resulted from a rapid, intense, and chemotactically-mediated influx of PMNs that eradicates the local infection.
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PMID:Common heat stable protective antigen in gonococci. 9 67

The clinical response to single-drug therapy with doxycycline was evaluated in 25 patients with gonococcal endoceruicitis and was correlated with the bacterial isolates present within the cul-de-sac. The 10 patients with gonococcal salpingitis salpingitis and the three patients with gonococcal peritonitis exhibited excellent clinical responses. When polymicrobial infection coexisted with gonococcal peritonitis or functioned without the concomitant presence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a significantly altered therapeutic response was observed in four of the 12 patients. Four patients in this grouping exhibited either secondary temperature elevations or lack of a significant alteration of the white blood cell count, two features which were not characteristic of the patients with either gonococcal salpingitis or peritonitis. In the cases of polymicrobial peritonitis, there was a poor correlation between ensuing clinical response and in vitro resistance of one or more cul-de-sac isolated to doxycycline. The presence of a resistant organism did not preclude a good or satisfactory clinical response. The absence of a resistant organism correlated well with a good clinical response.
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PMID:Clinical response of patients with gonococcal endocervicitis and endometritis-salpingitis-peritonitis to doxycycline. 41 73

Gonococci do not readily cause disseminated infection in mice. To simulate some of the conditions leading to disseminated gonococcal infection in women, we suspended gonococci in mucin plus hemoglobin and studied the development of gonococcal bacteremia. The mucin-hemoglobin mixture was used because the menstruum appears to be involved in dissemination of gonococci from the genital tract during menstruation. Mice did not die after massive inocula of 10(9) gonococci given intraperitoneally in broth, but when gonococci were suspended in mucin (15%) alone, the 50% lethal dose was 10(8.4) and in 15% mucin plus 4% hemoglobin (M/H), the 50% lethal dose fell to 10(6.6). Sublethal doses produced local peritonitis and transient bacteremia. With larger inocula the local peritoneal infection progressed to fatal septicemia. Studies of the mechanism by which M/H lowered the 50% lethal dose showed that systemic clearance mechanisms were compromised, but not enough to account for the total decrease in the 50% lethal dose. If gonococci were given intravenously after intraperitoneal inoculation of M/H, sequestration of gonococci in the peritoneal cavity occurred, suggesting an effect on local peritoneal defenses. The effect on neutrophils appeared most significant, since numbers of neutrophils in the peritoneal fluid were decreased in the presence of M/H and neutrophils were destroyed by M/H in vitro. The serum bactericidal system was not affected. We conclude that M/H promotes gonococcal bacteremia by interference with phagocytosis and intracellular killing of gonococci. The model simulates the disseminated gonococcal infection cases in women which follow pelvic inflammatory disease in its progression from local peritonitis to transient or lethal bacteremia and in factors (mucin and hemoglobin) which enhance infection.
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PMID:Disseminated gonococcal infection in mice. 52 60

Of 11 young women with acute peritonitis proved by laparoscopy, seven of whom also had perihepatitis, nine had serological evidence of recent infection with Chlamydia trachomatis; In five of these nine patients high antibody titres to chlamydiae were found without laboratory evidence of gonococcal infection, while the other four had evidence of simultaneous gonococcal infection. C trachomatis may play an important part in peritoneal inflammation previously attributed only to gonococci.
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PMID:Chlamydia trachomatis as possible cause of peritonitis and perihepatitis in young women. 63 81

At the end of her menstruation a 25 years old woman develops acute pain in her right lower and upper abdomen radiating into the right shoulder. There are pains during breathing, coughing, and changing of position, vomitus, and local signs of peritonitis in the right lower and upper abdomen, subicterus and leucocytosis. Gonococci in the cervical smear are demonstrated by Grams stain and by culture. Two days after treatment with 3,5 millions IU of penicillin G sodium and 500.000 IU procaine penicillin per day the complaints disappeared. The demonstrated signs and symptoms are characteristic for acute perihepatitis gonorrhoica which seems to occur more often as a complication of gonococcal adnexitis than is suspected. The symptoms are so typical that the diagnosis can be made also without confirmation by laparascopy.
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PMID:[Clinical diagnosis of acute gonorrhic perihepatitis]. 65 2

Serological evidence of recent infection with Chlamydia trachomatis was found in 9 of 11 young women with acute peritonitis or perihepatitis proved by laparoscopy. High antibody titres to chlamydiae without laboratory evidence of gonococcal infection were present in 5 of these 9 patients, while the other 4 had evidence of simultaneous gonococcal infection. C. trachomatis may play an important part in peritoneal inflammation previously attributed only to gonococci.
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PMID:[Chlamydia peritonitis: a disease of young females]. 67 96

We describe the clinical and laboratory features of a case of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a sexually active woman with Laennec's cirrhosis, ascites, and asymptomatic cervical gonorrhea. Treatment of the infection with high-dose parenteral penicillin was associated with resolution of the infection. This first report of spontaneous gonococcal peritonitis provides highly suggestive evidence that the transfallopian route is a mechanism whereby bacteria may enter the peritoneal cavity. Appropriate cultures for this organism should be included when a woman with chronic liver disease, who is sexually active, presents with spontaneous peritonitis.
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PMID:Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Evidence for a transfallopian route of infection. 391 60

We report a case of gonococcal peritonitis in a sexually active female on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The presumed route of entry into the peritoneal cavity was via the Fallopian tube. The episode responded rapidly to a standard antibiotic treatment protocol. Some episodes of culture-negative peritonitis may be caused by genital tract organisms which are not cultured by routine methods.
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PMID:Gonococcal peritonitis in a patient treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). 405 Jul 85

Ceftizoxime is an iminomethoxy aminothiazolyl cephalosporin that inhibits a wide variety of aerobic, anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The majority of Enterobacteriaceae are inhibited by less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml as are streptococcal species with the exception of Streptococcus faecalis. Staphylococcus aureus are inhibited by 3-8 micrograms/ml, while methicillin-resistant. aureus are resistant. Bacteroides fragilis are inhibited by 16-64 micrograms/ml. It inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa at usually achievable concentrations. Ceftizoxime is overall similar in antibacterial activity to cefotaxime and moxalactam. Ceftizoxime is not hydrolyzed by common plasmid and chromosomal beta-lactamases. Serum levels of ceftizoxime after intramuscular and intravenous injection are similar to those of cefotaxime and moxalactam. The half-life is 1.6 to 1.9 hours in normal individuals. The compound is not metabolized and is cleared from the body by glomerular filtration. Ceftizoxime enters most body fluids, including the cerebrospinal fluid, to produce therapeutic concentrations against clinically important bacteria. Ceftizoxime accumulates in the presence of renal failure, but it is removed from the body by hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Ceftizoxime has proved to be an effective chemotherapeutic agent when used as treatment for pneumonia, urinary tract infections, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, meningitis, peritonitis, gonorrhea, including penicillinase-producing isolates, and gynecological infections. No major adverse reactions have been associated with the use of ceftizoxime and it has produced neither disulfram -like reactions nor bleeding.
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PMID:Ceftizoxime: a beta-lactamase-stable, broad-spectrum cephalosporin. Pharmacokinetics, adverse effects and clinical use. 632 62

Chlamydia trachomatis is being recognized as an important sexually transmitted disease in adolescents and young adults. This report reviews the recent literature regarding the many clinical entities encompassed by this organism; this includes urethritis and cervicitis as well as epididymitis, salpingitis, peritonitis, perihepatitis, urethral syndrome, Reiter syndrome, arthritis, endocarditis, and others. It is emphasized that many aspects of chlamydial infections parallel those of gonorrhea, including incidence, transmission, carrier state, reservoir, complications, (local and systemic), and others. A paragonococcal spectrum of sexual chlamydial disorders is discussed as well as effective antibiotic therapy. This microbiological agent must always be considered if venereal disease is suspected by the clinician in teenagers or adults. Mixed infections with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are common in both males and females. It may be preferable to treat gonorrhea with tetracycline to cover for this possibility.
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PMID:Chlamydia trachomatis: an important sexually transmitted disease in adolescents and young adults. 689 12


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