Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0031099 (periodontitis)
 12,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) strain ST1 carries the tetracycline (Tc) resistance transposon Tn916 and the Aa phi ST1 prophage, which is closely related to temperate bacteriophage Aa phi 23. High titre phage preparations were obtained from this strain by mitomycin C induction and were used to transduce the TcR determinant to the TcS recipient strains ZIB1001 and ZIB1015 (MIC 2 micrograms Tc/ml). TcR transductants (MIC > or = 32 micrograms Tc/ml) were detected at frequencies of 3 x 10(-6) to 5 x 10(-8) per pfu. All TcR transductants examined contained the entire Tn916 inserted at several different locations within the Aa genome. They appear to have resulted from generalized transduction. In addition both bacteriophages, Aa phi 23 and Aa phi ST1, were capable of transducing the chloramphenicol (Cm) resistance marker of plasmid pKT210 (transduction frequencies of 2 x 10(-5) to 3 x 10(-7) per pfu) to the recipient strain ZIB1001 (MIC 8 micrograms Cm/ml). Eleven CmR ZIB1001 transductants (MIC > or = 100 micrograms Cm/ml) studied carried a plasmid indistinguishable from pKT210 by restriction analyses. In view of the high prevalence of this phage family, and the increasing use of tetracycline in periodontitis therapy, these findings may have clinical importance.
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PMID:Transduction of antibiotic resistance markers among Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains by temperate bacteriophages Aa phi 23. 944 41

The susceptibilities of 87 periodontitis-associated strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans to clarithromycin and erythromycin were determined by standard methodology recommended for Haemophilus influenzae. For clarithromycin the MIC at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited was </=2.0 microg/ml and the minimal bactericidal concentration at which 90% of the strains were killed was </=4.0 microg/ml, suggesting that it would be a candidate for therapeutic trials in patients with periodontitis.
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PMID:Bacteriostatic and bactericidal in vitro activities of clarithromycin and erythromycin against periodontopathic Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. 979 40

Previous trials had indicated that various schedules of sub-antimicrobial doxycycline significantly reduced gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) collagenase activity in adult patients with periodontitis with no evidence of emergent tetracycline-resistant (Tcr) marker oral flora. The purpose of this nine-month study was to expand these observations, emphasizing newer microbial diagnostic methods. Subgingival paper point samples were obtained at baseline (BL), 3, 6, and 9 months. Four subject treatment groups in a double-blind design were evaluated by mechanical scaling and root planing (SRP) and/or 20 mg doxycycline BID (Periostat). Thirty-eight patients entered the study at baseline (BL). Dark-field microscopy on 260 samples showed that morphotype distribution was independent of treatment schedule. Culture analysis of the 3 most prevalent isolates recovered showed that Streptococcus and Prevotella species accounted for approximately 85% of the 724 cultures. There did not appear to be any overgrowth or replacement by opportunistic oral flora. Of 658 susceptibility patterns evaluated by Etest, the MIC50/90 and mode MIC showed stable patterns, independent of treatment group. Our findings were different from those of previously published reports, but may be partly explained by the lack of universally standardized methods in oral microbiology and interpretive criteria for susceptibility testing.
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PMID:Long-term sub-antimicrobial doxycycline (Periostat) as adjunctive management in adult periodontitis: effects on subgingival bacterial population dynamics. 997 19

The gingivitis and periodontitis are very common diseases in Hungary: more than 80% of the adult population suffers with gingivitis and 15-20% has destructive periodontitis. The composition of peridontopathogenic bacterial flora is totally different from that of the bacterial flora causing dental infections. In periodontal infections dominantly facultative and obligatory anaerobic microorganisms occur (Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), Bacteroides forsythus (B. forsythus). The main objective of the study was to investigate the microbial flora of the rapidly progressing periodontitis with special respect to the occurrence of the Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. The antibiotic susceptibility of the A. actinomycetemcomitans was also determined against the most frequently used conventional antibiotics. Twenty-five samples collected from patients with rapidly progressing periodontitis were examined. Prevalence and ratio of A. actinomycetemcomitans and other species of the periodontal anaerobic flora were investigated. MIC values of different antibiotics used routinely--clindamycin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, tetracycline, metronidazole--were measured. Prevalence of black pigmented bacteroides (50%), and A. actinomycetemcomitans (30%) was comparable to data of foreign investigators. A. actinomycetemcomitans spp. appear to be more sensitive to clindamycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and more resistant to metronidazole compared to published data. The knowledge of microbial composition of the periodontal flora could help to diagnose the different forms of periodontitis. It can also assist the indication of the most appropriate antibiotic therapy.
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PMID:[Bacteriologic investigation of periodontal infections]. 1148 Feb 43

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of herbal medicines in treating periodontal diseases. Three Chinese herbal composites [Conth Su (CS), Chi Tong Ning (CTN) and Xi Gua Shuang (XGS)], widely used for prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases, and the major components of these composites were tested for their ability to: (1) alleviate disease progression of experimental periodontitis in hamsters, (2) inhibit bacterial growth, and (3) induce mutations. Our results indicate that in treating experimental periodontitis, there were no significant differences between the animal groups with or without the use of Chinese herbal medicines in terms of the degree of inflammation, alveolar bone resorption, and rate of repair. However, hamsters treated with CS presented earlier regenerative epithelium. CTN demonstrated superior bacterial inhibition ability among all tested herbs (MIC 0.025 g/ml); CS showed good anti-bacterial abilities at a concentration of 0.05 g/ml. It is interesting to note that while both CS and CTN were capable of inhibiting bacterial growth, none of the individual herb components showed comparable bacterial inhibition abilities. None of the tested herbal composites or their components showed signs of inducing cell mutations using the Ames test. These results indicated that traditional Chinese herbal medicines, which have been used to treat periodontal diseases for hundreds of years by Chinese people, can effectively inhibit bacterial growth without causing cell mutation. Further investigation into their possible clinical applications in periodontal therapy is encouraged.
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PMID:The evaluation of Chinese herbal medicine effectiveness on periodontal pathogens. 1469 78

A local metronidazol (MTZ) delivery using resorbable base material was studied. In vitro MTZ was almost completely released within 24 hrs from the hydroxypropylmethyl cellullouse(HPMC) strips.In vivo,release of the drug strips was also measured in six patients who had deep pockets of more than 5mm.MTZ-containing HPMC strip was inserted in the pocket.The average amount of MTZ in the gingival crevicalar fluid(GCF) 24 hrs after insertion of strip was 40microg/ml.(much higher than the reported MIC of some microorganisms associated with adult periodontitis).In vitro there were significant inhibitory effects of MTZ containing strips on the microorganisms associated with periodontal disease.The prevalence of spirochetes and motil rods,and gingival index(GI) was remarkably reduced in the MTZ administered pockets,It is suggest that this new direct drug delivery system with HPMC used as base material could be used to treat periodontal disease.
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PMID:[A study on resorbable local metronidazol delivery devices] 1515 18

Most infections of the oral cavity are primary, odontogenic infections, with dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis the most common. Treating these infections will encompass odontologic, antimicrobial, surgical or combined treatment. Antimicrobial treatment includes the use of betalactams, macrolydes, tetracyclins, metronidazole, clindamycin, or combined treatment. The most commonly used ones are administered orally. PK/ PD parameters predict THE clinical and microbiological efficacy of the antibiotic. The three indices that are generally used to measure clinical efficacy are: T >MIC (time during which the concentration is above the minimum inhibitory concentration), Cmax/ MIC (ratio between peak concentration and the minimum inhibitory concentration) and AUC/ MIC (ratio between the area under the curve and the minimum inhibitory concentration). Amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid is one of the antibiotics recommended for the treatment of odontogenic infections due to its wide spectrum, low incidence of resistance, pharmacokinetic profile, tolerance and dosage.
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PMID:Treatment options in odontogenic infection. 1558 Jan 34

Garlic (Allium sativum) has long been known to have antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties but there are few data on its effects against oral bacterial species particularly putative periodontal pathogens or their enzymes. Filter sterilised, aqueous extract of garlic was tested for ability to inhibit the growth of a range of oral species and to inhibit the trypsin-like and total protease activity Porphyromonas gingivalis. The garlic extract (57.1% (w/v), containing 220 microg/ml allicin) inhibited the growth and killed most of the organisms tested. In general, the minimal inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations for the Gram-negative strains (garlic MIC range 35.7-1.1 mg/ml; allicin mean MIC 4.1 microg/ml; mean MBC 7.9 microg/ml) were lower than those for the Gram-positive strains tested (garlic MIC range 142.7-35.7 mg/ml; allicin mean MIC 27.5 microg/ml; mean MBC 91.9 microg/ml). Also, of the organisms tested, the putative periodontal pathogens had among the lowest MICs (17.8-1.1 mg/ml garlic) and MBCs (35.7-1.1 mg/ml garlic). Time-kill curves for Streptococcus mutans and P. ginigvalis, showed that killing of the latter started almost immediately, whereas there was a delay before S. mutans was killed. The garlic extract also inhibited the trypsin-like and total protease activity of P. gingivalis by 92.7% and 94.88%, respectively. These data indicate that garlic extract inhibits the growth of oral pathogens and certain proteases and so may have therapeutic value, particularly for periodontitis.
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PMID:Inhibitory effect of garlic extract on oral bacteria. 1589 50

The 15-mer dermaseptin S4 derivative S4(1-15) was recently shown to exhibit potent activity against oral pathogens associated with caries and periodontitis. Here, we investigated possible modes for improving the peptide's properties through systematic replacement of an N-terminal amino acid(s) with various fatty acids that modulate the peptide's hydrophobicity and/or charge. Deletion of 1 to 3 residues led to progressive loss of potency as assessed by MIC experiments performed on four test bacteria. Replacing the deleted amino acids with fatty acids most often resulted in potency recovery or improvement, as evidenced by lower MICs and faster bactericidal kinetics in culture media. Best results were obtained after replacement of the N-terminal dipeptide alanine-leucine with heptanoic (C7) or aminododecanoic (NC12) acid. Circular dichroism analysis correlated antibacterial properties to the peptide's secondary structure. MIC experiments and confocal laser scanning microscopy results indicated that C7-S4(3-15) and NC12-S4(3-15) were bactericidal to various oral pathogens, including those which are immobilized in a biofilm. C7-S4(3-15) performed similarly to or better than (depending on growth medium) IB-367, a peptide assessed in clinical trials for treatment of oral mucositis, reducing CFU counts by >3 log units within 2 min of incubation. Collectively, the data indicate that substitution of fatty acids for amino acids may be a useful strategy in revealing improved derivatives of known antimicrobial peptides and suggest the suitability of such compounds for controlling pathogens associated with oral diseases.
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PMID:Acyl-substituted dermaseptin S4 derivatives with improved bactericidal properties, including on oral microflora. 1704 26

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major pathogen of chronic periodontitis and exists in a biofilm on the surface of the tooth root. Oxantel, a cholinergic anthelmintic and fumarate reductase inhibitor, significantly inhibited biofilm formation by P. gingivalis and disrupted established biofilms at concentrations below its MIC against planktonic cells. Oxantel was more effective against P. gingivalis in biofilm than metronidazole, a commonly used antibiotic for periodontitis.
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PMID:Inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm by oxantel. 2003 16


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