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Query: UMLS:C0031099 (periodontitis)
 12,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report on the microbiological and clinical effects of mechanical debridement in combination with metronidazole plus amoxicillin therapy in 118 patients with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans-associated periodontitis. Patients were categorized into 3 groups: 28 had localized periodontitis; 50 had generalized periodontitis, and 40 had refractory periodontitis. After initial treatment and metronidazole plus amoxicillin therapy 114 of 118 (96.6%) patients had no detectable A. actinomycetemcomitans. Significant reduction in pocket probing depth and gain of clinical attachment were achieved in almost all patients. Four patients were still positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans after therapy. Metronidazole resistance (MIC greater than 25 micrograms/ml) was observed in 2 of 4 strains from these patients. Patients still positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans or Porphyromonas gingivalis showed a significant higher bleeding tendency after therapy. It was concluded that mechanical periodontal treatment in combination with the metronidazole plus amoxicillin therapy is effective for subgingival suppression of A. actinomycetemcomitans in patients with severe periodontitis.
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PMID:Microbiological and clinical results of metronidazole plus amoxicillin therapy in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans-associated periodontitis. 131 3

The in vitro susceptibilities of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans to 14 antimicrobial combinations were studied by using the checkerboard titration technique. The results, expressed as the range of the fractional inhibitory concentration indices, were as follows: for metronidazole or its hydroxymetabolite combined with cefixime, 0.2 to 0.6; for moxalactam, 0.2 to 0.6; for penicillin G, 0.3 to 0.6; for tobramycin, 0.8 to 2.0; for erythromycin, 0.8 to 1.7; for ciprofloxacin, 0.2 to 0.6; for tetracycline, 0.8 to 1.2. Our observations indicated that the beta-lactam antibiotics as well as ciprofloxacin act synergistically with both metronidazole and its hydroxymetabolite against A. actinomycetemcomitans. Synergistic interactions were independent of the individual MICs of the antibiotics tested. Erythromycin, tobramycin, and tetracycline combined with either metronidazole or its hydroxymetabolite showed additive to indifferent effects against the five strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans, with the fractional inhibitory concentration indices ranging from 0.8 to 2.0. A. actinomycetemcomitans was found to be highly susceptible to ciprofloxacin (MIC of ciprofloxacin for 90% of strains tested, 0.010 micrograms/ml) and cefixime (MIC of cefixime for 90% of strains tested, 0.8 micrograms/ml). The results indicate that in patients who are allergic to penicillin, cefixime and ciprofloxacin may be useful alternative antibiotics in combination with metronidazole for the treatment of A. actinomycetemcomitans-associated periodontitis.
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PMID:In vitro susceptibilities of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans to a number of antimicrobial combinations. 148 30

Sixty-one cultures of Gram-negative anaerobic rods were isolated from deep periodontal pockets of patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis. Isolates were speciated as Bacteroides gingivalis (18 isolates), Bacteroides intermedius (8), Bacteroides oris (1), Bacteroides gracilis (17) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (17). Their susceptibilities, to seven antimicrobial agents, were determined in vitro using a plate dilution technique. Amoxycillin and amoxycillin with clavulanic acid were active against all isolates (MIC less than 1 mg/l) and proved the most effective agents tested. F. nucleatum and B. gracilis showed resistance to erythromycin; F. nucleatum had MIC values ranging from 0.03 mg/l up to 128 mg/l when tested with this, least effective agent. Metronidazole was effective against all isolates except for a few strains of B. gracilis (MIC less than 4 mg/l). Tetracycline hydrochloride and minocycline were active against all isolates except for a few strains of B. gracilis (MIC less than 2 mg/l with both minocycline and tetracycline hydrochloride). Penicillin proved less effective than amoxycillin with regard to inhibition of B. gracilis.
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PMID:Identification, and susceptibility to seven antimicrobial agents, of 61 gram-negative anaerobic rods from periodontal pockets. 190 73

The effects of tetracycline and amoxycillin with clavulanic acid on the clinical parameters and subgingival flora of eight patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis was assessed. Subjects received either tetracycline 250 mg four times daily or amoxycillin 250 mg with clavulanic acid 125 mg three times daily for a period of 2 weeks together with subgingival scaling and root planning. Both treatment regimens produced significant reductions in bleeding on probing and probing pocket depths which were still present 16 weeks after the antibiotic therapy. A significant reduction in the mean percentage of black-pigmented Bacteroides spp., Fusobacterium nucleatum and anaerobic corroding bacilli was also obtained. Both treatment regimens were equally effective in reducing the clinical parameter and altering the subgingival flora. The MIC values for Bacteroides gingivalis (Porphyromonas gingivalis). Bacteroides intermedius (Prevotella intermedia) and F. nucleatum to amoxycillin with clavulanic acid remained constant throughout the period of investigation. The MIC values of these organisms to tetracycline increased.
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PMID:Amoxycillin with clavulanic acid and tetracycline in periodontal therapy. 205 Aug 97

The in vitro susceptibility of 55 strains of subgingival plaque bacteria to minocycline was determined. A concentration of 1 microgram/ml minocycline was found to inhibit 85% of the strains tested and the MIC ranged from 0.03 to 32 micrograms/ml. For 71% of the strains tested the MBC was at least 4 times greater than the corresponding MIC, suggesting a bacteriostatic activity for minocycline. A concentration of 20 mg/ml of magnesium ions was capable of neutralizing 8 micrograms/ml of minocycline and was used to eliminate "carry-over" effects inherent in the experimental procedure. After 6 to 7 weeks exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of minocycline there was no appreciable increase in the MICs of most organisms with the exception of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans NCTC 10981 and Campylobacter concisus NCTC 11485. Short term (6 hour exposure of bacteria to minocycline (8 micrograms/ml) markedly reduced the viability of a number of periodontopathogens but had little effect on the viability of Veillonella parvula NCTC 11456 and Fusobacterium nucleatum NCTC 11326. These in vitro investigations have demonstrated that minocycline is capable of inhibiting most of the periodontitis-associated bacteria tested and can kill some of these bacteria after a comparatively short exposure time. However, some of the organisms tested exhibited a low susceptibility to minocycline and others became less susceptible following exposure to low concentrations of the antibiotic for several weeks.
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PMID:Susceptibility and resistance of plaque bacteria to minocycline. 232 22

Sanguinarine is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid derived from rhizomes of Sanguinaria canadensis L. (bloodroot). It is a cationic molecule which converts from an iminium ion form at pH less than 6 to an alkanolamine form at pH greater than 7. Sanguinaria extract is composed of sanguinarine and five other closely related alkaloids. The safety profile of both sanguinarine and sanguinaria extract provide a broad margin for their safe use in oral health products. Sanguinarine has broad antimicrobial activity as well as antiinflammatory properties. In vitro studies indicate that the anti-plaque action of sanguinaria is due to its ability to inhibit bacterial adherence to newly formed pellicle, its retention in plaque being 10-100 times its saliva concentration, and due to its antimicrobic properties. The MIC of sanguinarine ranges from 1 to 32 micrograms/mL for most species of plaque bacteria. Long term use of sanguinaria-containing toothpaste and oral rinse products does not predispose users to detrimental shifts in oral flora. Electron microscopic studies of bacteria exposed to sanguinarine demonstrate that bacteria aggregate and become morphologically irregular. Sanguinarine-containing slow release polymer systems are currently being developed for use in periodontitis treatment applications.
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PMID:Antimicrobial action of sanguinarine. 270 Aug 95

The purpose of the study was to examine the susceptibility of two different small-sized spirochete morphotypes from subgingival plaque to eight antibiotics and chlorhexidine. MIC-values were determined by a broth dilution method and related to achievable antibiotic tissue- and blood concentrations. The spirochetes were characterized as susceptible, moderate susceptible, and resistant to the different antibiotics. The MICs of tetracycline hydrochloride, doxycycline, penicillin G, and chlorhexidine were all considerably lower for spirochete strains with a 2:4:2 endoflagella system (two endoflagella from each cell-end) than for strains with a 1:2:1 endoflagella system (one endoflagellum from each cell-end). No differences were observed for the remaining antibiotics. Spirochetes containing one endoflagellum from each cell-end were found to be susceptible to metronidazole and doxycycline, susceptible to moderate susceptible to tetracycline hydrochloride, moderate susceptible to penicillin G, and resistant to the remaining antibiotics. Spirochetes containing two endoflagella from each cell-end were susceptible to doxycycline, tetracycline hydrochloride, and metronidazole. Susceptible to moderate susceptible to penicillin G. These spirochetes were resistant to the remaining agents. The significance of these observations is discussed in relation to obtainable gingival crevicular fluid concentrations and treatment of marginal periodontitis.
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PMID:Susceptibility of small-sized oral spirochetes to eight antibiotics and chlorhexidine. 343 61

The incidence of black-pigmented (BP) Bacteroides spp. in 62 human dental root canal infections (35 acute and 27 clinically asymptomatic cases of apical periodontitis) in 57 adults was studied. Altogether 37 strains of BP Bacteroides were found in 31 infections, always in mixed anaerobic infections. Two different BP Bacteroides species were present in six infections. B. intermedius was most frequently isolated (15 of 62 canals; 24%) followed by B. denticola which was present in 12 cases. Asaccharolytic BP Bacteroides species, B. gingivalis and B. endodontalis, were found in eight cases. BP Bacteroides species were found both from symptomatic and asymptomatic infections, but there were also several symptomatic cases from which BP Bacteroides species were not isolated. B. gingivalis and B. endodontalis were present only in acute infections, B. intermedius was found both in symptomatic and asymptomatic infections, and B. denticola occurred mostly in asymptomatic infections. BP Bacteroides species were isolated initially from 9 of the 11 teeth with symptoms at 1 week, but only from 22 of the 51 teeth that were symptomless at 1 week. Two strains of B. denticola were resistant to penicillin G at a concentration of 2.4 micrograms/ml, but the MIC of penicillin G for all other strains was 0.6 micrograms/ml or lower. Forty-two randomly selected patients received penicillin V (oral administration, 650 mg, three times daily) during the first week of endodontic therapy. Penicillin had no effect on the occurrence of symptoms after 1 week compared with the control group (20 patients).
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PMID:Black-pigmented Bacteroides spp. in human apical periodontitis. 372 77

The present study was carried out to examine the distribution of six periodontopathic bacteria in deep periodontal pockets and to reconfirm the effect of Periocline on these periodontopathic bacteria. Samples from sixty-two periodontal pockets were collected at pocket depths of over 4 mm in twenty-one periodontitis patients aged 43 to 75 years. After sampling, Periocline was applied topically to the selected pockets once a week for four weeks and reexamined. The detected rates of the periodontopathic bacteria were Capnocytophaga sputigena (37.1%), Prevotella intermedia (22.6%), Porphyromonas gingivalis (22.6%), Fusobacterium nucleatum (20.1%), Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (9.7%) and Eikenella corrodens (4.8%). The distribution of the bacteria was compound because two or three bacterial species were found to coexist. In view of the MIC of minocycline-HCI for these bacteria, increase of most of the measured bacteria was suppressed by the concentration of drugs, including Periocline. However, clinical strains of P. i. were considered to have low susceptibility to minocycline-HCl. In view of the effect of topical application of drugs, no significant differences were found. From these results, it was suggested that Periocline contained effective concentration of minocycline-HCl.
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PMID:[Subgingival distribution of periodontopathic bacteria in periodontic patients and susceptibility of these bacteria to minocycline-HCl]. 858 61

Tinidazole 15 mg/kg was administered to eight Beagle dogs with gingivitis or periodontitis twice daily for 3 days. Tinidazole concentrations in blood and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were measured 1, 3, 6 and 9 h after the morning dose each day. The concentration of tinidazole was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The mean concentration of tinidazole in GCF for each dog ranged from 6.05 to 9.32 micrograms/mL at different time points after the first dose, and on the first day the highest concentration was observed 6 h after the drug administration. Tinidazole concentrations were 34 +/- 4%-72 +/- 9% (mean +/- SEM) of simultaneous plasma concentration. At steady-state, on the third treatment day, the mean tinidazole concentrations in GCF ranged from 6.68 to 13.1 micrograms/mL, i.e. 44 +/- 6%-75 +/- 25% of the corresponding concentrations in plasma. Tinidazole concentration in GCF exceeded the MIC values for putative path-ogenic periodontal bacteria and it is concluded that, when indicated, tinidazole could be used for chemotherapy of periodontitis in dogs.
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PMID:Concentrations of tinidazole in gingival crevicular fluid and plasma in dogs after multiple dose administration. 880 74


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